US4037407A - Exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US4037407A
US4037407A US05/605,157 US60515775A US4037407A US 4037407 A US4037407 A US 4037407A US 60515775 A US60515775 A US 60515775A US 4037407 A US4037407 A US 4037407A
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United States
Prior art keywords
exhaust
exhaust gas
passage
reactor
engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/605,157
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English (en)
Inventor
Yukio Mizuno
Midori Hiramoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Subaru Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Jukogyo KK
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Jukogyo KK filed Critical Fuji Jukogyo KK
Priority to US05/794,611 priority Critical patent/US4172362A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4037407A publication Critical patent/US4037407A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/26—Construction of thermal reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
    • F02M26/43—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders in which exhaust from only one cylinder or only a group of cylinders is directed to the intake of the engine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion gasoline engine improved to purify exhaust gases in such manner that the pressure pulsation in an exhaust passage is used to suck in secondary air near an exhaust port, thereby to cause the oxidation of the exhaust gases in an after-treating device.
  • a thermal reactor In order to reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, hereinafter referred to as Co and HC, respectively, a thermal reactor is well-known as an after-treating device.
  • a typical thermal reactor has an expanded chamber directly communicated to the exhaust port of an engine to induce exhaust gases therein at a high temperature and to mix the exhaust gases so as to achieve a continuous oxidation reaction.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an internal combustion gasoline engine having a very simple construction of an exhaust system which includes an exhaust passage with a special configuration and a determined volume defined hereinafter, and an expanded chamber in communication after the exhaust passage.
  • the exhaust passage has means for supplying secondary air to the exhaust port by use of exhaust gas pulsation, and means for maintaining exhaust gases passing through the expanded chamber together with secondary air therein at a higher temperature than the trigger temperature of the thermal reactor, so that the thermal reactor acts to sufficiently reduce CO and HC.
  • the secondary air supplying means includes a secondary air passage with a check valve in order to inhibit the escape of the introduced secondary air. Because of the use of the pressure pulsation of the exhaust gases, it is not necessary to provide a pump driven by the engine.
  • the pressure pulsation is generated in the exhaust passage, mentioned above, having the special configuration by which the exhaust gases continuously and smoothly therethrough in their discharge order, i.e. with a simple construction having no expanded volume.
  • the check valve is adapted to open to intake air from the outside when the inner pressure of the exhaust passage is lower than the atmospheric pressure, and to prevent the exhaust gases from flowing outwardly when the inner pressure of the exhaust passage is higher than the atmospheric pressure. Accordingly, an amount of secondary air is dependent on the degree of negative pressure and the period of the exhaust pulsation.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing a relationship between the volume of the exhaust passage and the amount of secondary air
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between the sectional area of the exhaust passage and the amount of secondary air
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing a zone to obtain a sufficient amount of secondary air
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between the air fuel ratio and the exhaust gas temperature
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration showing an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a larger scale sectional view of a thermal reactor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the end portion of the thermal reactor provided with a misfire sensing device.
  • the inventors conducted an experiment on the variation of the amount of the secondary air according to the volume and cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage, thereby to obtain the resultant data as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 1 includes a vertical axis for intake amounts of the secondary air, and a horizontal axis for the ratio of the volume (V'ex) of the exhaust passage which extends from the exhaust valve to the inlet of an expanded chamber or thermal reactor to the volume (Vd) of the displacement of the engine.
  • the volume (V'ex) should be so formed as to pass exhaust gases therethrough continuously and smoothly in their discharging order.
  • Curve lines in FIG. 1 are given in accordance with the engine revolutions of 2,000 r.p.m. and 4,000 r.p.m.
  • FIG. 2 includes a vertical axis for intake amounts of the secondary air, and a horizontal axis for ratio of the cross-sectional area (a) of the exhaust passage to the maximum opening area (av) of the exhaust valve or the total maximum opening area ( ⁇ av) of the exhaust valves.
  • Curve lines in FIG. 2 are given in accordance with the engine revolutions of 2,000 r.p.m. and 4,000 r.p.m. in that case where the volume (V'ex) of the exhaust passage is twice as large as the volume (Vd) of the engine displacement.
  • V'ex/Vd should be selected in a region from 1 to 4 in reference to FIG. 1, and a/av or a/ ⁇ av should be defined below three in reference to FIG. 2.
  • the exhaust passage according to this invention is advantageous for sufficient pulsation effect by having a configuration formed to pass the exhaust gases in their discharging order without their mixing effect and a suitable volume and cross-sectional area. In this case, it is necessary to maintain the exhaust gases at the downstream end of the exhaust passage above a temperature (the trigger temperature of a thermal reactor) sufficient to oxidize the combustible components of the exhaust gases with a mixing effect as the exhaust gases are introduced into the thermal reactor.
  • FIG. 4 indicates this trigger temperature given experimentally in accordance with the air fuel ratio and the volume (Vtr) of the thermal reactor.
  • Vtr volume of the thermal reactor.
  • the thermal reactor of this invention is used in general type engines, it is required to heat-insulate the exhaust passage, which includes an exhaust port and an exhaust pipe, to prevent the exhaust gases from radiating heat, because the exhaust gases in passing through the exhaust passage have a temperature often apt to be reduced below the trigger temperature.
  • the engine as set in the retarding ignition or the exhaust gas recirculation may include no heat-insulation for the exhaust passage because of the high temperature measured at the back portion of the exhaust valve.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an engine 8 according to the present invention including two exhaust pipes, which extend from the exhaust port 11 communicating with a cylinder 9, respectively, to an expanded chamber 4 of a thermal reactor 2 or muffler.
  • the exhaust pipes 1 lead into the thermal reactor 2 with their rear ends opened at a collective portion 3 in the expanded chamber 4 in a manner directed at an angle ⁇ to the pipe line.
  • the flow of the exhaust gases are bent at the angle ⁇ , which may be selected from 30° to 70°, so as to mix the exhaust gases with secondary air.
  • the length of the exhaust pipes in the muffler is adjustable to maintain the prescribed secondary air to be sucked.
  • the collective part opening at a suitable direction by the angle ⁇ is available to prevent the end plates 106a, 106b (FIG. 6) from heat damage.
  • the expanded chamber 4 is formed in the thermal reactor 2.
  • Each of the exhaust passages which include the exhaust port in the cylinder head and the exhaust pipe is so formed as to pass the exhaust gases therethrough in their discharging order, and has a volume and cross-sectional area limited in the hatching area of FIG. 3.
  • the exhaust port is covered by liners and the outer disclosed portion of the exhaust pipe 1 is also covered by a heat-insulation material.
  • the thermal reactor 2 further includes muffler chamber 5, 6, 6', through which the expanded chamber 4 communicates with a tail pipe 7.
  • a passage 15 also communicates with the exhaust port 11 so as to send the exhaust gases through a diaphragm valve 16 to an intake manifold 21 for exhaust gas recirculation.
  • the diaphragm valve is operated to open by the negative pressure of a passage 18 opening into a carburetor 20.
  • the exhaust gases are recirculated to the intake system through the valve 16, so that the combustion in the cylinders is delayed so to be adjusted, bringing the combustion closer to the constant-temperature combustion. Consequently, the exhaust gases pass through the exhaust passage at a high temperature as the exhaust valve is opened. In this case, the high temperature of the exhaust gases is maintained by the heat-insulation material until they arrive at the thermal reactor 2.
  • the secondary air is sufficiently supplied from the air filter 13 to the exhaust port via the check valve 10, because the exhaust passage has a volume and a passing cross-sectional area defined within the hatching area of FIG. 3 so as to generate the exhaust pulsation required for intaking of the secondary air.
  • the exhaust gases are mixed by their turbulence at a temperature higher than the trigger temperature of the thermal reactor 2, so as to oxidize the combustible components and then thereby to reduce CO and HC.
  • the thermal reactor 2 serving as a muffler may comprise a double shell structure shown in FIG. 6. Namely, the thermal reactor includes an outer shell 101 formed into a hollow cylinder having an oval section by combination of two half-shell members having flanges 101a connected to each other, and an inner shell 102 disposed in the outer shell 101.
  • the inner shell 102 is also formed into a hollow cylinder having an oval section coaxially positioned to that of the outer shell 101.
  • a heat-insulation material 103 is filled in a space formed between the shells 101 and 102.
  • the double shell structure is supported to the chassis by two suspension plates 104 and 105, and has three end plates 106, 106a and 106b and two heat-insulation layers 103a and 103b each disposed between adjacent two members of the end plates.
  • the double shell structure is further supported at its end by means of a suspension plate 107 of spring steel, which includes a tubular rod 108 slidably penetrating the outer end plate 106 and rigidly connected to the middle end plate 106a by welding means.
  • the outer shell 101 avoids the thermal expansion stress by the sliding of the rod 108 relative to the outer shell 101 and the outer end plate 106, by the rod 108 being pushed outwardly together with the end plates 106a and 106b by the thermal expansion of the inner shell 102 and the plate spring 107 bending as indicated in dot-dashed lines.
  • a sensor may be disposed at the end portion of the thermal reactor 2. This sensor is shown, for example, in FIG. 7.
  • the senor includes a push rod 108' facing the end plate 102a of the inner shell 102 and is supported on a bracket 109 attached to the outer end plate of the outer shell 101.
  • the thermal reactor 2 also is sufficiently excited over the trigger temperature so as to apply the thermal expansion stress to the inner shell 102, and consequently the end plate 102a is moved to push the rod 108', whereby sensor switches 111 send a signal from a battery 110 to suitable information receiving device 112.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
US05/605,157 1974-11-28 1975-08-15 Exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US4037407A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/794,611 US4172362A (en) 1974-11-28 1977-05-06 Thermal reactor having collector therein to mix pulsed flows of exhaust and secondary air

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP49137321A JPS5172820A (en) 1974-11-28 1974-11-28 Gasorinnainenkikan niokeru haikijokasochi
JA49-137321 1974-11-28

Related Child Applications (1)

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US05/794,611 Division US4172362A (en) 1974-11-28 1977-05-06 Thermal reactor having collector therein to mix pulsed flows of exhaust and secondary air

Publications (1)

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US4037407A true US4037407A (en) 1977-07-26

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US05/605,157 Expired - Lifetime US4037407A (en) 1974-11-28 1975-08-15 Exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engines

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US4037407A (xx)
JP (1) JPS5172820A (xx)
DE (1) DE2537062C2 (xx)
FR (1) FR2292860A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1514538A (xx)
IT (1) IT1044430B (xx)
SE (1) SE434971B (xx)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4173864A (en) * 1977-08-24 1979-11-13 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Secondary air feed control device
US4192846A (en) * 1976-12-13 1980-03-11 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engines
US6481428B1 (en) * 2000-10-13 2002-11-19 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Methods and systems for reducing internal combustion engine exhaust emissions
US9388718B2 (en) * 2014-03-27 2016-07-12 Ge Oil & Gas Compression Systems, Llc System and method for tuned exhaust

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2824567A1 (de) * 1978-06-05 1979-12-06 Hoechst Ag Abgaskonverter fuer brennkraftmaschinen

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3172251A (en) * 1963-01-14 1965-03-09 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Afterburner system
US3413803A (en) * 1967-02-24 1968-12-03 Du Pont Exhaust manifold reaction system and apparatus
US3445195A (en) * 1964-03-04 1969-05-20 Benteler Werke Ag Afterburner device for catayltic combustion of combustible components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine
US3468124A (en) * 1967-04-25 1969-09-23 Mykola Hraboweckyj Method and apparatus for consuming combustible gases in engine exhaust gases
US3662541A (en) * 1968-07-10 1972-05-16 Hiraki Sawada Engine exhaust gas oxidizing system
US3703082A (en) * 1970-09-16 1972-11-21 Zeuna Staerker Kg Apparatus for the detoxification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
US3788070A (en) * 1972-06-12 1974-01-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Purification of internal combustion engine exhaust gas
US3836338A (en) * 1972-02-11 1974-09-17 H Arnold Anti-pollution exhaust burner and muffler for internal combustion engines
US3904374A (en) * 1973-02-14 1975-09-09 Du Pont Exhaust gas reactor supporting pins
US3906722A (en) * 1970-09-22 1975-09-23 Alfa Romeo Spa Exhaust system for internal combustion engines
US3946558A (en) * 1973-08-06 1976-03-30 Beekhuis Jr William H Exhaust system and method

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1751799C3 (de) * 1968-07-31 1974-07-18 Texaco Development Corp., New York, N.Y. (V.St.A.) Abgaseinrichtung an Brennkraftmaschinen
GB1322495A (en) * 1969-07-18 1973-07-04 Ricardo & Co Engineers Exhaust passages in internal combustion engines
JPS4844684B1 (xx) * 1970-01-14 1973-12-26
DE2054432A1 (de) * 1970-11-05 1972-05-10 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Brennkraftmaschine
JPS5216167B2 (xx) * 1971-10-01 1977-05-07
JPS5138383B2 (xx) * 1972-08-22 1976-10-21

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3172251A (en) * 1963-01-14 1965-03-09 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Afterburner system
US3445195A (en) * 1964-03-04 1969-05-20 Benteler Werke Ag Afterburner device for catayltic combustion of combustible components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine
US3413803A (en) * 1967-02-24 1968-12-03 Du Pont Exhaust manifold reaction system and apparatus
US3468124A (en) * 1967-04-25 1969-09-23 Mykola Hraboweckyj Method and apparatus for consuming combustible gases in engine exhaust gases
US3662541A (en) * 1968-07-10 1972-05-16 Hiraki Sawada Engine exhaust gas oxidizing system
US3703082A (en) * 1970-09-16 1972-11-21 Zeuna Staerker Kg Apparatus for the detoxification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
US3906722A (en) * 1970-09-22 1975-09-23 Alfa Romeo Spa Exhaust system for internal combustion engines
US3836338A (en) * 1972-02-11 1974-09-17 H Arnold Anti-pollution exhaust burner and muffler for internal combustion engines
US3788070A (en) * 1972-06-12 1974-01-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Purification of internal combustion engine exhaust gas
US3904374A (en) * 1973-02-14 1975-09-09 Du Pont Exhaust gas reactor supporting pins
US3946558A (en) * 1973-08-06 1976-03-30 Beekhuis Jr William H Exhaust system and method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4192846A (en) * 1976-12-13 1980-03-11 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engines
US4173864A (en) * 1977-08-24 1979-11-13 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Secondary air feed control device
US6481428B1 (en) * 2000-10-13 2002-11-19 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Methods and systems for reducing internal combustion engine exhaust emissions
US9388718B2 (en) * 2014-03-27 2016-07-12 Ge Oil & Gas Compression Systems, Llc System and method for tuned exhaust

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5335214B2 (xx) 1978-09-26
DE2537062A1 (de) 1976-08-12
JPS5172820A (en) 1976-06-24
AU8393075A (en) 1977-03-10
FR2292860B1 (xx) 1980-06-20
GB1514538A (en) 1978-06-14
FR2292860A1 (fr) 1976-06-25
IT1044430B (it) 1980-03-20
SE434971B (sv) 1984-08-27
SE7509606L (sv) 1976-05-31
DE2537062C2 (de) 1982-12-30

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