Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C279/00—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C279/20—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups containing any of the groups, X being a hetero atom, Y being any atom, e.g. acylguanidines
  • C07C279/24—Y being a hetero atom
  • C07C279/26—X and Y being nitrogen atoms, i.e. biguanides

Definitions

• This invention describes new 1,5-disubstituted biguanide compounds and processes for their preparation.
• This invention further provides valuable pharmaceutical preparations which contain 1,5-disubstituted biguanide compounds as active antiulcerogenic agents. The process for their preparation is also described.
• compositions which have been used as antiulcerogenic agents have been such as atropine, homatropine, propantheline bromide, dicyclomine hydrochloride and other compounds which are structurally dissimilar to the biguanides of this invention. Due to the anticholinergic properties of these compounds they are known to produce undesirable side effects such as mydriasis, xerostomia, cyclopegia and other unwanted effects.
• the compounds of this invention are substantially free of the anticholinergic side-effects which accompany antiulcerogenic agents.
• This invention describes a class of novel chemical compounds which contain a 1-phenyl, substituted phenyl, aralkyl or substituted aralkyl radical attached to a 5-substituted biguanide chain. This invention further describes its non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the method of preparing the instant compounds.
• n 0-1;
• R.sub. ⁇ is hydrogen or loweralkyl
• R 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 and R 6 may be the same or different and are
• R 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 and R 6 may also be
• R 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 and R 6 may also be
• R is other than lower alkyl or fewer than three hydrogen atoms are present when chloro is the only substituent and that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are not all chloro at the same time;
• R 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 and R 6 are
• R 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 and R 6 may be
• nitro provided R 2 and R 6 are not both hydrogen at the same time, or chloro provided R is other than loweralkyl or fewer than three hydrogen atoms are present when chloro is the only substituent and that R 3 , R 4 , R 5 are not all chloro at the same time.
• R 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 and R 6 are
• R 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 and R 6 may be
• R 2 and R 6 are not both Hydrogen at the same time or chloro when R is other than loweralkyl or fewer than three hydrogen atoms are present when chloro is the only substituent and that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are not all chloro at the same time.
• lower alkyl refers to an alkyl hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may be straight chained or branched.
• intermediate alkyl refers to an alkyl hydrocarbon group containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may be straight chained or branched.
• acyl radical may be any organic radical derived from an organic acid by its removal of the hydroxyl group such as acetyl, propionyl, benzoyl, etc.
• the "lower alkoxy" radical signifies an alkoxy group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms which can be straight chained or branched.
• loweralkenyl group refer to an alkenyl hydrocarbon group containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms which may be straight chained or branched.
• Cycloalkyl refers to a cycloalkyl hydrocarbon ring having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
• Cycloalkenyl refers to a cycloalkenyl hydrocarbon ring having from 3 to 8 atoms.
• loweralkylidenyl radical refers to an alkylidene hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms thus forming a ring.
• heteroloweralkylidenyl radical refers to an alkylidene hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and one or more hetero atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, thus forming a hetero ring.
• Aryl refers to an aromatic ring preferably phenyl.
• non-toxic acid addition salts of pharmacologically active amine compounds do not differ in activities from their free base.
• the salts merely provide a convenient solubility factor.
• the amines of this invention may be readily converted to their non-toxic acid addition salts by customary methods in the art.
• the non-toxic salts of this invention are those salts the acid component of which is pharmacologically acceptable in the intended dosages; such salts would include those prepared from inorganic acids, organic acids, higher fatty acids, high molecular weight acids, etc., and include such as:
• n is also 2;
• R 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 and R 6 are
• the compounds of this invention may be prepared by the following general procedures:
• n, R.sub. ⁇ , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R and R' are as described above, and HX is a mineral acid.
• the reaction is preferably carried out on the aryl or aralkylamine salt either in a polar medium or neat and using increased temperatures.
• the salt used may be any acid addition amine salt but preferably the salt of a mineral acid.
• the polar medium may be aqueous, partially aqueous or a non-aqueous solution. It is convenient to choose a solvent that will reflux at the desired reaction temperature.
• the more preferred solvents are water or alcohol but other solvents may be used such as DMSO, diethyleneglycol, ethyleneglycol, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, etc.
• the reaction should also be carried out at a temperature which is high enough so that condensation takes place readily, but not sufficient to decompose the biguanide formed.
• the reaction temperature can vary from room temperature to about 250° C although it is preferable to run the reaction at temperatures from about 50° C to 150° C.
• the biguanide salt which is formed can be converted to the free base with a metal hydroxide or alkoxide solution.
• the isolation of the desired biguanide can be carried out by any method known in the art.
• R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 substituents can be prepared at various stages of synthesis using suitable reactions in order to convert one group to another.
• a halogen group can be treated under Rosenmund Von Brown conditions to the nitrile compound which in turn can be hydrolyzed to a carboxy.
• a nitro can be reduced to an amino which can be alkylated to the dialkylamino substituent.
• a hydroxy compound can be prepared by demethylation of a methoxy substituent.
• a Sandmeyer type reaction can be carried out on an amino compound to introduce a chloro, bromo, xanthate, hydroxyl or alkoxyl group.
• the xanthate can then lead to the mercapto by hydrolysis, this in turn can be alkylated to an alkylthio group which can be oxidized to alkylsulfinyl and alkylsulfonyl groups.
• a thiocyanato group may be reduced to a mercapto.
• An iodo group may be removed by catalytic hydrogenation.
• Reactions can also be carried out on 1-phenyl-5-substituted biguanide compounds which result in further substituted products.
• 1-phenyl- 5-substituted biguanides may be halogenated, nitrated or thiocyanated to obtain other and/or para substituted products.
• bromination can be carried out on the following 1-phenyl-5-substituted biguanides to obtain the desired products:
• chlorination, nitration and thiocyanation can also be carried out to obtain corresponding products.
• Other reactions known in the art may also be employed.
• the starting materials of this invention are either known compounds or their method of preparation is described.
• the compounds of this invention have useful antiulcerogenic properties. Further they have an effective degree of gastric anti-secretory activity and effectively reduce the volume and the acidity of the gastric fluid in humans and mammals. Still further, these compounds produce a considerable spasmolytic action on the gastrointestinal musculature, i.e., they reduce the peristaltic action of the gastrointestinal musculature which is manifested by a delay in gastric emptying time.
• the known antiulcerogenic compounds which showed gastric anti-secretory and gastrointestinal spasmolytic action have included such agents as atropine, homatropine, propantheline, dicyclomine, etc. These compounds, however, cause accompanying undesirable anti-cholinergic properties such as mydriasis, xerostomia, cyclopegia, etc.
• the 1-aryl and aralkyl-5-substituted biguanides of this invention are particularly useful as anti-secretory, anti-spasmotic and anti-ulcerogenic agents because they are essentially devoid of these unwanted effects.
• 1-aryl and aralkyl-5-substituted biguanides as herein described are useful in the treatment of such ulcerogenic disorders and diseases as duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer.
• the instant compounds may be used alone or in combination with other known antacids such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, aluminum glycinate, calcium carbonate and the like.
• the 1,5-disubstituted biguanides of this invention can be normally administered orally or parenterally. Orally they may be administered as tablets, aqueous or oily suspension, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs.
• parenteral includes subcutaneous injection, intravenous, intramuscular or intrasternal injection or infusion techniques.
• compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents, in order to provide a pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparation.
• these compounds may be tableted or otherwise formulated so that for every 100 parts by weight of the composition, there are present between 5 and 95 parts by weight of the active ingredient.
• the dosage unit form will generally contain between about 1 mg. and about 500 mg. of the active ingredients of this invention.
• the preferred unit dose is between about 10 mg. and about 100 mg.
• the dosage regimen in carrying out the methods of this invention is that which insures maximum therapeutic response until improvement is obtained and thereafter the minimum effective level which gives relief.
• the dosages are those that are therapeutically effective in the treatment of ulcerogenic disease conditions or symptoms, such as duodenal and peptic ulcer.
• the daily dose can be between about 0.1 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg (preferably in the range of 1-25 mg/kg/day), bearing in mind, of course, that in selecting the appropriate dosage in any specific case, consideration must be given to the patient's weight, general health, age and other factors which may influence response to the drug.
• the gastric secretion test is carried out as follows: Shay rats are fasted for 4-8 hours, and water is given ad lib. The rats are selected at random and separated into groups of 10. The animals are treated intraduodenally (I.D.) with the test compound or the vehicle immediately subsequent to the ligation of the stomach at the pyloric sphincter. The animals are sacrificed with chloroform at 4 hours post-drug administration, the stomach is removed and its contents are assayed for volume, pH and total acids.
• I.D. intraduodenally
• Determination of anti-spasmodic properties can be carried out by the procedure as outlined by D. A. Brodie and S. K. Kundrats in their article entitled “Effect of Drugs on Gastric Emptying in Rats", Fed. Proc. 24:714 (1965).
• the biguanides of this invention have also been found to be mucogenic agents, that is, they increase the biosynthesis of mucopolysaccharides of the gastric mucous membrane which is a mechanism for inhibiting gastro-intestinal ulcer. This property is determined by the test outlined in the J. Pharm. Pharmac., 1970, 22, 143-4.
• the pharmacological data clearly indicates that the 1-aryl and aralkyl-5-substituted biguanides of this invention can be considered to be effective anti-ulcerogenic agents having active gastric anti-secretory and anti-spasmodic properties which are substantially free of anti-cholinergic side effects and having a low toxicity.
• a stirred mixture of 6.3 g. (0.0296 mole) of p-aminophenyltrifluoromethyl ether hydrochloride and 3.78 g. (0.0296 mole) of 1-i-propyl-3-cyanoguanidine is immersed in a 210° C. oil bath for fifteen minutes.
• the resulting reaction product is dissolved in 100 ml of water, alkalized with 40% sodium hydroxide solution, and extracted with 250 ml of ether.
• the ether layer is backwashed twice with 10 ml of water, dried over sodium carbonate, filtered, and the ether solution made strongly acidic with a saturated ethereal hydrochloric acid solution.
• a stirred mixture of 6.9 g (0.035 mole) of p-trifluoromethylbenzylamine hydrochloride and 4.3 (0.035 mole) of 1-i-propyl-3-cyanoguanidine is immersed in a 180° C oil bath for 1 hour.
• the melt is cooled and dissolved in 35 ml of hot water.
• the solution is cooled in an ice bath, made alkaline with 40% sodium hydroxide solution, and extracted with 150 ml of ether.
• the ether layer is dried over potassium carbonate, filtered and the ether solution made strongly acidic with a saturated ethereal hydrochloric acid solution.
• the precipitate is washed twice with 25 ml of anhydrous ether and recrystallized from a mixture of ethanol and heptane (3:5) to obtain 1-(p-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-i-propylbiguanide dihydrochloride.
• a stirred mixture of 15.5 g (0.0687 mole) of ⁇ -methyl-p-trifluoromethylbenzylamine hydrochloride and 9.55 g (0.0756 mole) of 1-i-propyl-3-cyanoguanidine is immersed in a 190° C oil bath for ten minutes.
• the melt is cooled to room temperature, dissolved in 100 ml of water, made alkaline with 40% sodium hydroxide solution and extracted twice with 200 ml of ether.
• the combined ether extracts are dried over potassium carbonate, filtered, and the ether solution made strongly acidic with a saturated ethereal hydrochloric acid ether solution.
• the precipitate is collected on a filter, washed twice with 50 ml of anhydrous ether, and dried at 40°C/125 mm. for 5 hours.
• the dihydrochloride is dissolved in 50 ml of water, made strongly alkaline with 40% sodium hydroxide solution, and extracted twice with 100 ml of ether.
• the combined ether extracts are dried over potassium carbonate, filtered, and the ether solution made strongly acidic with a saturated ethereal hydrochloric acid solution.
• the precipitate is collected on a filter, washed twice with 50 ml of anhydrous ether, and dried at 40° C/125 mm. to obtain 1-( ⁇ -methyl-p-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-i-propylbiguanide dihydrochloride.
• a mixture of 8.7 g (0.69 mole) of 1-i-propyl-3-cyanoguanidine, 11.15 g (0.069 mole) of p-amino-benzotrifluoride and 23 ml of 3NHcl is heated at 50° C with stirring for 16 hours.
• the reaction mixture is then cooled in an ice bath, made strongly alkaline with 35 ml of 2.5 N sodium hydroxide and extracted into 700 ml of ether.
• the ether extract is worked with 2-25 ml portions of 5 N sodium hydroxide and then dried over potassium carbonate.
• the ether solution is evaporated to a viscious oil dissolved in methanol and the pH adjusted to 7.0 with 5 N methanolic HCl.
• a mixture of 7.0 g (0.035 mole) of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroaniline hydrochloride and 4.4 g (0.035 mole) of 1-cyclopropyl-3-cyanoguanidine is heated at a melt for 11/2 hours.
• the mixture is then cooled, heated with 25 ml of water until solution and then made alkaline with 40% sodium hydroxide.
• the solution is extracted with ether and dried over potassium carbonate and evaporated to dryness.
• the residue is chromatogramed on silica gel using isopropanol:NH 4 OH to obtain 1-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-5-cyclopropylbiguanide.
• 1-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-5-methylbiguanide hydrochloride 14 g is added to concentrated sulfuric acid (18 ml) and stirred for 5 minutes.
• Concentrated nitric acid (Sp. G. 1.51) 2.5 ml is added dropwise, maintaining the temperature between 30° and 40° by water cooling if necessary.
• the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes, then poured into water.
• the mixture is made alkaline with sodium hydroxide, then extracted with ether.
• the ether extract is washed, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), evaporated and the residue crystallized from aqueous methanol to give 1-(4-nitro-2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylbiguanide.
• a stirred mixture of 16.1 g (0.1 mole) of p-trifluoromethylaniline, 12.6 g (0.1 mole) of 1-cyclopropyl-3-cyanoguanidine and 385 ml of 2.6 N hydrochloric acid (0.1 mole) is treated at 60° C for several hours.
• the reaction mixture is then cooled, alkylated with 40% sodium hydroxide and extracted with 1:1 etherethanol.
• the extract is washed with a saturated saline solution and dried over sodium sulfate.
• the solvent is evaporated and replaced with benzene which on concentrating results in the crude product.
• the residue is dissolved in 100 ml of hot methanol and 200 ml of water is added.
• the precipitate is removed, washed with water and dried.
• the hydrochloride salt is then formed in alcohol to obtain 1-(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-cyclopropylbiguanide hydrochloride.

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• 1973
  • 1973-10-03 US US05/403,243 patent/US3996232A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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