US3928854A - V-type directional antenna - Google Patents

V-type directional antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US3928854A
US3928854A US470753A US47075374A US3928854A US 3928854 A US3928854 A US 3928854A US 470753 A US470753 A US 470753A US 47075374 A US47075374 A US 47075374A US 3928854 A US3928854 A US 3928854A
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Prior art keywords
antenna
radiators
radiator
antennas
length
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Expired - Lifetime
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US470753A
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English (en)
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Maurice Tacussel
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/44—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/06—Rhombic antennas; V-antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An antenna for highly directional radiation forming a [30] Forelg" Apphcamm Pnonty Data narrow beam in a first plane and a wide beam in a sec- May 21,1973 France 73.18305 0nd plane perpendicular to the first plane without back radiation and with minor lobes of low amplitude.
  • l l/gl g /fi/jflgil The antenna is formed by at least two basic [58] Fieid S 343/731 740 V-antennas of which the radiators are respectively 343/751 connected to each other by resistive loads attached g about a quarter wavelength from the open ends of the I radiators. 5 References Cited The antenna can be usefully employed for television UNITED STATES PATENTS reception and for intrusion detectors.
  • the present invention relates to a directional antenna wherein no back radiation exists and wherein the minor lobes are of small amplitude.
  • An antenna according to the present invention can be used for radiation and/or reception of electromagnetic signals at frequencies from hundreds of megahertz to more than a thousand megahertz.
  • Such an antenna is particularly adapted for use where high directivity is required, for example, in detecting apparatus for use in detecting presence or approach of a target and can be equally used for reception of VHF and UHF television transmissions.
  • An antenna is generally defined by its directive properties, its impedance, which must be matched to the supplying generator or to the receiver, and its ability to retain these characteristics over a wide frequency band.
  • V-antenna When it is not necessary to use an antenna having high directivity a V-antenna can be used, the construction of which is simple.
  • the V-antenna is derived from a dipole antenna, the difference lying in that the radiators of several wavelengths in length, are disposed in V formation.
  • the excitation source is placed in series with the two radiators at the vertex of the V (c.f. Antenna Engineering Hand Book Chapter 4-Jasik Editor McGraw-Hill Book Company-1961).
  • the vertex angle of the V is a function of the length of the radiators.
  • the radiation diagram is bi-directional and has minor lobes of relatively high level when compared to the principal beam (approx.-6dB).
  • the bi-directional effect is due to the stationary wave condition which is set up in the radiators.
  • the back radiation is not only limited, but is practically suppressed without affecting the gain of the antenna.
  • a directional antenna comprising at least two longitudinally spaced dipole antennas each formed by a pair of radiators in V formation, the end of each radiator distant from the open end of the radiator being connected to the corresponding end of the radiator of the adjacent antenna and to one of the outputs of the antenna, wherein at least two adjacent antennas have corresponding radiators joined to each other by means of a resistive load connected to the radiators in the region of the open ends of the radiators.
  • only two basic identical antennas are used having straight radiators longitudinally spaced from each other by about a quarter of a wavelength of the central frequency of the operating band of the antenna.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a radiation diagram in the plane of the radiators of the antenna of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a radiation diagram. of the antenna of FIG. 1 but in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the radiators.
  • FIG. 4 is a radiation diagram, corresponding to FIG. 2, of a known V-antenna
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show, in plan, other embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. '7 shows an antenna according to the present invention formed by the photo-etching on a printed circuit board.
  • the antenna shown in FIG. 1 comprises two basic V-antennas 2 and 4 located in same plane.
  • the two antennas are longitudinally spaced by a distance D, the foot of the radiators 6 of the antenna 2 being connected to the foot of the corresponding radiator 8 of the antenna 4 by a connecting member 10 on which one of the outputs A of the antenna is located.
  • radiators 6' and 8' are connected by a connecting piece 12 having a second output B.
  • the signal generator or receiver 14 for the antenna is connected to the terminals A and B.
  • the two antennas 2 and 4 have their corresponding radiators 6 and 8 connected to each other by a resistive load 16, the two other corresponding radiators 6' and 8 being similarly connected by an identical resistive load 16.
  • the connections of the resistances l6 and 16' on the radiators are effected in the region of the open ends of the radiators, preferably at a distance, from their open ends, of about 0.2 to 0.4 of the length of the radiators.
  • the resistive loads 16 and 116 serve to absorb the waves reflected from the ends of the radiators and also affect the distribution of currents on the radiators.
  • the two antennas 2 and 4 are separated by a distance D approximately equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the operating frequency this corresponding to about 0.30 to 0.45 of the length of a radiator, which, in turn, has a length of about 0.65 to 0.80 of the operating wavelength and, more specifically, between 0.7 to 0.75.
  • An antenna such as that shown in FIG. 1, can be formed of rods or tubes assembled to make up the arrangement shown in the figure.
  • preferable dimensions for an antenna operating at a frequency f of wavelength lt areza vertex angle of the V 90 L length of each radiator 0.75 A, D spacing between the two antennas 0.27 A, d diameter of each radiator 0.013 A, e spacing of connecting members 10 and 12 0.67 A, 1 distance between open ends of radiators and connections of resistive load 0.18 )t, R value of resistances 680 ohms.
  • connecting resistances 16 and 16 is not critical and can be several hundreds of ohms. Similarly, the connecting pieces 10 and 12 between the two antennas do not have to have a precise characteristic impedance, a value of the order of between 200 and 300 ohms being preferable.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 The radiation diagrams of this antenna are shown at FIGS. 2 and 3, that of FIG. 2 being in a plane containing the radiators and that of FIG. 2 being a plane perpendicular to this plane.
  • the diagrams are limited to a frequency band within 7.5% of the central frequency.
  • the impedance of the antenna is constant within this band and the gain of the antenna is about +ldB at the highest frequency of the band.
  • FIG. 4 shows the radiation diagram in the plane of the radiators of a known two radiator V-antenna, the so-called resistive-radiatorantenna, wherein the radiators have a length equal to one wavelength, and wherein the conductivity of a resistive element on the radiators is made to vary progressively.
  • a known antenna of this type has been cited in the introduction of the specification.
  • a third basic Vantenna 20 is placed between the two antennas 2 and 4, this additional antenna being shown in dotted lines in the figure.
  • the spacing D between the two antennas 2 and 4 is still of the order of a quarter of a wavelength (for example 0.27%, as in the example cited above), whereas the spacing f between the antenna 2 and additional antenna 20 can be about one-sixteenth of a wavelength.
  • the connections for the resistive loads 16 and 16' are attached, as shown in the figure, to the three radiators of the antennas 2, 4 and 20, the distance between the connection point of the resistive load and the end of the corresponding radiator being of the order of 0.15 and 0.25 of a wavelength, similar to the case where only two antennas are used.
  • V-antennas for example, four antennas 30, 32, 34 and-36 can be grouped in the same manner as for two antennas (FIG. 6) with resistances 16,38,40, 16', 38, 40. With this configuration, a narrower radiation diagram at half power is obtained.
  • the V-antennas are not necessarily made up of straight radiators and changes in direction along the lengths of the radiators can be introduced.
  • the antenna can be made up a number of hollow or solid rods as shown in FIG. 1. At higher frequencies 1000 MHz and above), the antenna can be formed from metal stampings.
  • the antenna can be formed by photoetching on metal foil on an insulating substrate. This procedure is often used in printed circuitry in electronic equipment. An example is shown in FIG. 7, wherein the antenna and the equaliser are incorporated on the same circuit thus allowing the antenna to be powered through a coaxial cable or an unmatched power source.
  • the dimensions of such an antenna, operating at a wavelength A can be, for example:-
  • an antenna for use with frequencies around 2,500 MHZ can be obtained by photo-etching on printed circuit board of dimensions 160 X mm.
  • a conducting portion 26 is left on the board, sufficiently spaced from the radiators 6 and 6' so as not to influence the radiation of the antenna but allowing direct connection, in keeping with known printed circuit techniques, of, for example, the terminals (not shown) of the transmitter and/or receiver associated with the antenna. It will be understood that certain of the circuits can be printed on the reverse of the board carrying the antenna.
  • the antenna according to the invention can be put to numerous uses:
  • the antennas shown, for example, in FIGS. 1 and 5 can be used in rural regions for reception of VHF television transmissions and also for UHF transmissions, the indicated dimensions being adapted for the central frequency of the UHF transmissions.
  • Radiation diagrams, narrow in one plane and wide in the other, and the high gain of the antenna are characteristics which render the antenna particularly adapted for use as detecting apparatus operating at very high frequencies.
  • such an antenna is simple to manufacture and has a waveform diagram suited to this type of apparatus. It can cover in a horizontal plane, a wide area while having a substantially narrow beam width in the vertical plane.
  • the narrow bean in the vertical plane eliminates false alarms in the case of use of the apparatus in old multi-storey buildings wherein floors and ceilings generally made of wood, are partially transparem to electromagnetic radiation.
  • the antenna according to the present invention can be used as the basic element in the formation of an antenna system.
  • a directional antenna comprising at least two longitudinally spaced dipole antennas each formed by a pair of radiators in V formation, the end of each radiator distant from the open end of the radiator being connected to the corresponding end of the radiator of the adjacent antenna and to one of the outputs of the antenna, wherein at least two adjacent antennas have a resistive load directly connected between their corresponding radiators in the region spaced from the open ends ofthe radiators.
  • a directional antenna comprising at least two longitudinally spaced dipole antennas each formed by a pair of radiators in V formation, the end of each radiator distant from the open end of the radiator being connected to the corresponding end of the radiator of the adjacent antenna and to one of the outputs of the antenna, wherein at least two adjacent antennas have a resistive load connected between their corresponding radiators, said load located on. each of the said radiators at a distance from the open ends of the radiator of about 0.2 to 0.4 times the length of the radiator.
  • each radiator is between 0.65 and 1.0 times the wavelength of the central frequency of the operating band of the antenna and wherein the connecting points of the said resistive load are located, in relation to the open end of the corresponding radiator at a distance of between 0.15 and. 0.25 times said wavelength.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
US470753A 1973-05-21 1974-05-17 V-type directional antenna Expired - Lifetime US3928854A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7318305A FR2231125B1 (pl) 1973-05-21 1973-05-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3928854A true US3928854A (en) 1975-12-23

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ID=9119636

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US470753A Expired - Lifetime US3928854A (en) 1973-05-21 1974-05-17 V-type directional antenna

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3928854A (pl)
JP (1) JPS5021655A (pl)
CA (1) CA999372A (pl)
DE (1) DE2423420C3 (pl)
ES (1) ES426919A1 (pl)
FR (1) FR2231125B1 (pl)
GB (1) GB1434475A (pl)
IT (1) IT1014219B (pl)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4092652A (en) * 1974-07-27 1978-05-30 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Exposure information indicating device for a camera
US4667204A (en) * 1985-04-08 1987-05-19 Hedrick James D Combination dual rhombic and V-type antenna for VHF-UHF television receivers
EP0225460A2 (de) * 1985-11-08 1987-06-16 Oskar J. Kufner Eine Sende- bzw. Empfangsantenne, insbesondere für den Kurz- und/oder Mittelwellenbereich
US5528251A (en) * 1995-04-06 1996-06-18 Frein; Harry S. Double tuned dipole antenna
US6768466B1 (en) * 1999-11-26 2004-07-27 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifiques (C.N.R.S.) Broad-band scissor-type antenna
WO2006011091A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Multipurpose antenna configuration for a contactless data carrier

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS517616U (pl) * 1974-07-03 1976-01-20
JPS5225221A (en) * 1975-08-21 1977-02-25 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd Detecting system of surge absorption ground fault for stationary high frequency inverter device
JPS5298956A (en) * 1976-02-16 1977-08-19 Toshiba Corp Over-voltage protection device of semi-conductor power convertor
JPS6122466Y2 (pl) * 1978-09-20 1986-07-05
US4489328A (en) * 1981-06-25 1984-12-18 Trevor Gears Plural microstrip slot antenna
US4654668A (en) * 1985-04-03 1987-03-31 The Singer Company Microstrip circuit temperature compensation with stub means
US4730193A (en) * 1986-03-06 1988-03-08 The Singer Company Microstrip antenna bulk load

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1935373A (en) * 1929-03-29 1933-11-14 Rca Corp Antenna
US2159646A (en) * 1935-04-30 1939-05-23 Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co Antenna
US3020550A (en) * 1959-09-28 1962-02-06 Jerrold Electronics Corp Broadband sheet antenna

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH262125A (de) * 1939-08-03 1949-06-15 Standard Telephon & Radio Ag Mit mindestens einem Phasenschieber versehene Richtantennenanordnung.
GB730398A (en) * 1952-08-22 1955-05-25 Shardlow Electric Wires Ltd Improvements in aerials

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1935373A (en) * 1929-03-29 1933-11-14 Rca Corp Antenna
US2159646A (en) * 1935-04-30 1939-05-23 Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co Antenna
US3020550A (en) * 1959-09-28 1962-02-06 Jerrold Electronics Corp Broadband sheet antenna

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4092652A (en) * 1974-07-27 1978-05-30 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Exposure information indicating device for a camera
US4667204A (en) * 1985-04-08 1987-05-19 Hedrick James D Combination dual rhombic and V-type antenna for VHF-UHF television receivers
EP0225460A2 (de) * 1985-11-08 1987-06-16 Oskar J. Kufner Eine Sende- bzw. Empfangsantenne, insbesondere für den Kurz- und/oder Mittelwellenbereich
EP0225460A3 (de) * 1985-11-08 1987-09-30 Oskar J. Kufner Eine Sende- bzw. Empfangsantenne, insbesondere für den Kurz- und/oder Mittelwellenbereich
US5528251A (en) * 1995-04-06 1996-06-18 Frein; Harry S. Double tuned dipole antenna
US6768466B1 (en) * 1999-11-26 2004-07-27 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifiques (C.N.R.S.) Broad-band scissor-type antenna
WO2006011091A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Multipurpose antenna configuration for a contactless data carrier
US20090002253A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2009-01-01 Achim Hilgers Multipurpose Antenna Configuration for a Contactless Data Carrier
US7750865B2 (en) * 2004-07-20 2010-07-06 Nxp B.V. Multipurpose antenna configuration for a contactless data carrier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1014219B (it) 1977-04-20
DE2423420B2 (de) 1980-07-31
DE2423420A1 (de) 1974-12-12
DE2423420C3 (de) 1981-03-26
FR2231125B1 (pl) 1977-09-02
JPS5021655A (pl) 1975-03-07
FR2231125A1 (pl) 1974-12-20
ES426919A1 (es) 1976-07-16
GB1434475A (en) 1976-05-05
CA999372A (en) 1976-11-02

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