US3928104A - Method of making concrete pipes - Google Patents

Method of making concrete pipes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3928104A
US3928104A US361686A US36168673A US3928104A US 3928104 A US3928104 A US 3928104A US 361686 A US361686 A US 361686A US 36168673 A US36168673 A US 36168673A US 3928104 A US3928104 A US 3928104A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
concrete
mandrel
around
wire
wound
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Expired - Lifetime
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US361686A
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Robert Luckett
Jack Sidney Mobbs
Alan James Harris
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Stelmo Ltd
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Stelmo Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B21/00—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles
    • B28B21/56—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles incorporating reinforcements or inserts
    • B28B21/60—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles incorporating reinforcements or inserts prestressed reinforcements
    • B28B21/62—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles incorporating reinforcements or inserts prestressed reinforcements circumferential laterally tensioned
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y10T29/49874—Prestressing rod, filament or strand

Definitions

  • the specification discloses a method and apparatus for manufacturing concrete pipes by depositing a layer of green concrete (i.e., concrete which has not set) on a mandrel, winding helically around the deposited green concrete a flexible, binding member to consolidate and retain the concrete on the mandrel, and winding helically a flexible reinforcing member under tension around the concrete before the concrete has 15 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures US. Patent Dec. 23, 1975 METHOD OF MAKING CONCRETE PIPES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • the invention relates to methods of manufacturing concrete pipes, and to apparatus for manufacturing concrete pipes.
  • Concrete pipes for carrying fluids under pressure require a circumferential reinforcing high tensile steel wire which is pre-tensioned to ensure that the concrete is always in compression.
  • One known method of making such pipes is to cast the pipe with high tensile wire embedded therein on a core and then to inflate the core to expand the concrete and wire thereby tensioning the wire and maintaining the core inflated until the concrete has set.
  • a disadvantage of this method lies in the very expensive specialized moulding equipment required.
  • Another known method is to cast a conventional pipe which after it has set is of sufficient thickness and strength to withstand the circumferential pressure of the tensioned wire applied to it.
  • the wire is prevented from corrosion by the application of a further layer of concrete.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for making concrete pipes having a tensioned flexible reinforcing member which exerts a circumferential pressure on the concrete without the need of expansion moulding equipment as described above.
  • the invention provides a method of manufacturing concrete pipes comprising depositing a layer of green concrete (i.e., concrete which has not set) on a mandrel, winding helically around the deposited green concrete a flexible binding member to consolidate and retain the concrete on the mandrel, and winding helically a flexible reinforcing member under tension around the concrete before the concrete has set.
  • a layer of green concrete i.e., concrete which has not set
  • the flexible binding member may be wound on to the green concrete simultaneously with the flexible reinforcing member, the reinforcing member being wound on to a part of the concrete which has already been wound with the binding member.
  • a further layer of green concrete may be deposited on the concrete deposited on the mandrel after binding and reinforcing and before that concrete has set.
  • the invention further provides apparatus for making concrete pipes, comprising a mounting for a mandrel rotatable about a substantially vertical axis, a hopper for concrete movable relative to the mounting along said axis and having a hole through which a mounted mandrel may project, means for supplying a flexible binding member for winding around concrete deposited on the mounted mandrel below the hopper, and means for supplying a flexible reinforcing member for winding around concrete deposited on the mounted mandrel including means for tensioning the reinforcing member as it is wound around deposited concrete.
  • a method'according to the invention has the advantage over the last described prior art methods that the wire is wound under tension onto the green concrete while it is still on the mandrel so that the amount of concrete can be'reduced since it is supported circumferentially by the mandrel which carries the binding moments induced by the winding load. Furthermore the number of operations is reduced since the core concrete does not need to be left to harden before applying the tensioning member. The quality of the finished product is also improved since the method permits an outer concrete coat to be applied to encapsulate the Wire member while the core concrete is still green so that the two concrete layers set and cure together to form a homogeneous concrete pipe.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of part of two connected pipes made in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed view of part of the mandrel.
  • the apparatus comprises a base 10, having four upstanding columns 1 I, the upper ends of which are connected together by a rectangular frame 12.
  • a platform 13 is slidably mounted on the columns 11, and has a circular hole 14 formed in the middle thereof.
  • the base 10 is provided with a mounting for a mandrel, which mounting comprises a shaft 25 rotatably supported in the base, the shaft having a flange (not shown) on the upper end thereof. Part-way between the flange and the base a sprocket 26 is attached to the shaft 25.
  • a mandrel, such as that shown at 27, is bolted to the flange so that it is supported by and rotates with the flange and shaft 25.
  • a roll 31 of polypropylene string for winding around a partly manufactured pipe is rotatably mounted beneath the platform 13.
  • String from the roll 31 passes through a tensioning device comprises a pair of plates 32, one of which is secured to a rod 33 attached to the platform 13.
  • the other plate has a hole through which the rod 33 passes, a helical spring around the rod urging the other plate towards the one plate, there being a nut (not shown) being threaded on the rod 33 to adjust the tension in the spring.
  • the string passes through a tubular guide 34 to guide the string for winding around the mandrel.
  • Means for supplying a high tension steel reinforcing wire under tension for winding around the mandrel are provided, and comprise a roll 35 of steel wire mounted on a pair of brackets 36 attached to the ground.
  • Attached to a frame is a vertically extending shaft 37 on which are rotatably mounted three pulleys 38, and spaced from the shaft 36 is a further vertically extending shaft 39 mounted for rotation in the frame.
  • Three pulleys 40 are rigidly attached to the further shaft, which also has two sprockets 41 and 42 rigidly attached thereto.
  • a motor 43 is arranged to drive a gearbox 44 the output shaft 45 of the gearbox carrying a sprocket 46, and an endless chain 47 is passed around the sprockets 46 and 41.
  • a hydraulic ram 48 is fastened to the platform 13, the piston rod 50 of the ram carrying a pulley 49 on the free end thereof, and the free end of the cylinder having two pulleys 51 and 52 rotatably mounted thereon.
  • a tubular guide (not shown) is provided between the pulley 52 and the mandrel 27 on the lower side of the platform 13, and a further tubular guide 53 is provided between the uppermost pulley 40 and the pulley 51.
  • Wire from the roll 35 passes around the lowermost pulley 38, then the lowermost pulley 40, the intermediate pulley 38, intermediate pulley 40, uppermost pulley 38 and the uppermost pulley 40, from which the wire passes through the guide 53 and around the pulley 51 mounted on the cylinder of the ram 48, around the pulley 49 on the piston rod 50, then around the pulley 52 on the cylinder and through the guide tube to the mandrel.
  • the hydraulic ram 48 is connected to a source of constant pressure hydraulic fluid.
  • An endless chain connects together the sprockets 42 and 26, the number of teeth in the sprockets being such that the peripheral speed of the pulleys 40 is less than the peripheral speed of the mandrel 27.
  • a second, similar steel reinforcing wire supplying means (not shown) is provided on the opposite side of the apparatus to that means shown, and has been omitted from the drawing for the sake of clarity.
  • the hydraulic ram 48 in each case is provided with three pulleys on the piston rod thereof and four on the cylinder thereof (as opposed to the one and two pulleys respectively shown), so that there are six falls of wire passing around the pulleys. In the diagrammatic view of FIG. 1, only two falls have been shown for clarity.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of an end portion of the mandrel 27.
  • Two end plates 60 each having a peripheral groove 61 and axial holes intersecting the groove 6] are located one adjacent each end of the hollow mandrel, and longitudinally extending reinforcing wires passed through the axial holes, so that the wires are spaced from the outer surface of the mandrel.
  • On each end of each wire clamps 63 are fastened, and one of the end plates is then pulled axially away from the end of the mandrel to tension the longitudinal wires until a spacer 64 can be inserted between the respective end of the mandrel and the plate 60.
  • the thickness of the spacer is such that when inserted as shown, the longitudinal wires have the required tension.
  • each wire may be buttoned," deformed to provide an integral head which engages the plate 60.
  • the mandrel is bolted to the flange on the shaft 25 and the platform 13 moved to its lowermost position.
  • the reinforcing wire from each of the two rolls is routed as described above. and each free end anchored to the lower plate 60 of the positioned mandrel String from the roll 31 is anchored to the mandrel just above the anchoring of the wire.
  • Green concrete i.e., concrete which has not set
  • the motor 43 is also switched on, and hydraulic fluid at a predetermined constant pressure is supplied to the ram 48.
  • the ram 18, 23 is actuated to move the platform slowly upwardly.
  • the clearance between the base of the hopper 29 is such that a layer of concrete is deposited on the mandrel as the platform 13 is gradually raised, the longitudinal reinforcing wires on the mandrel being embedded in a layer of concrete.
  • Rotation of the mandrel winds helically a layer of string on to the deposited green concrete immediately below the hopper 29, and simultaneously winds both reinforcing wires on to the concrete on a part which has already been wound with string.
  • the string serves to consolidate the concrete deposited, and to retain the concrete in position as the reinforcing wire is wound on.
  • the two wires are wound on in the manner of a two-start thread, the wires becoming partially embedded in the concrete. Rotation of the mandrel also assists depositing of the concrete in a uniform layer. Concrete is added to the hopper 29 as necessary during movement of the platform 13.
  • the wire is tensioned by means of the differential speed between the peripheries of the pulleys 40 and the concrete deposited in the mandrel, the tension being maintained constant by the hydraulic rams 48.
  • the wire is wound on such that the tension stresses the wire to about of the ultimate stress, some of which stress relaxes leaving a portion of this stress remaining in the wire after the pipe is completed.
  • An alternative method of using the apparatus is not to wind the wire on to the concrete immediately after winding on the string.
  • the platform 13 may be slowly lowered, the wire being wound on during the lowering of the platform.
  • the wire may be terminated, and the platform raised again to deposit the second layer of concrete on the layer already deposited and bound with string.
  • Materials other than the polypropylene string may be employed for binding around the first layer of depos-- ited concrete; for example a woven or textile or metallic tape may be employed
  • the string, or tape if used may be wound on simultaneously from two or more rolls to cover a greater area of the layerof concrete, if required.
  • a convenient way of terminating the reinforcing wires is to reduce the pitch of the helix for the two last turns, whilst reducing the tension in the wire, a clip then being used to clamp the free end to the preceding turn. The friction of the wire against the concrete in the two last turns serves to hold the tension in the other turns of the wire.
  • the mandrel After completion of the pipe, the mandrel is removed from the apparatus and placed aside while the concrete sets. When set, the ends of the longitudinally extending reinforcing wires are cut through the slot 61, and then the wound wires cut from the anchorings to the plates 60. The plates are removed from the pipe, and the mandrel then removed.
  • the mandrel may be collapsible, or may have a sector removable therefrom subsequently allowing a small reduction in the diameter of the greater part of the mandrel.
  • the mandrel may be hollow and may remain in place within the concrete wall to form a lining for the pipe.
  • the short projecting ends of the longitudinally extending wires may be ground flush with the end of the concrete after removal of the plates 60.
  • each pipe may be formed with a spigot, and the other end of each pipe may be formed with a socket for re ceiving the spigot of an adjacent pipe.
  • the spigots are formed by locating a metal spigot (such as that shown in FIG. 2 at 70) around the mandrel adjacent a plate 60 before threading the longitudinally extending reinforcing wires on the mandrel; subsequent depositing of concrete embeds a part of the spigot in concrete to connect permanently the spigot to the completed pipe.
  • Removable blanking rings are provided around part of the spigot to prevent concrete being deposited on the part of the spigot to project into an adjacent pipe when completed, and, to form the socket at the other end of the pipe, adjacent the other plate 60 at the other end of the mandrel.
  • FIG. 2 A joint between adjacent ends of two completed pipes is shown in FIG. 2, the pipe 72 having a metal spigot 70 attached thereto as described above, and the pipe 73 having a female socket formed therein.
  • a rubber ring 74 completes the joint between the spigot of one pipe and the socket of the other.
  • the tension in the reinforcing wire is created by the difference in peripheral speeds between the pulleys 40 and the mandrel 27.
  • the relative rates of rotation of the pulleys 40 and mandrel 27 are governed by the sprockets 42 and 26. It will be appreciated that it may be desirable to change the relative rates of rotation, and this may be effected by altering the sizes of the sprockets.
  • different transmission means may be employed to rotate the pulleys 40 and mandrel 27; for example, variable speed hydraulic motors.
  • a method of manufacturing reinforced concrete pipes comprising the known steps of casting a layer of concrete onto the peripheral surface of a mandrel, and winding helically a wire reinforcing member around the concrete layer, the wire reinforcing member being tensioned to form a prestressed reinforcing layer for the concrete pipe; the improvement including the steps of consolidating and retaining the concrete on the mandrel by helically winding a flexible binding member around said layer of concrete before it has set and before the wire reinforcing member is applied, tensioning the wire reinforcing member and winding it under a substantial tension onto the consolidated and retained concrete before it has set, preserving tension in the wire reinforcing member after it is wound onto the concrete and is prevented by the presence of the binding member from cutting into the inner layer of green concrete to any substantial degree, and permitting the concrete to set with the wire under tension and without expansion of the mandrel.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the flexible binding member used comprises a filamentary or string-like material.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the flexible binding member used comprises a tape.
  • a method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the reinforcing member is passed around two pulleys, one arranged for rotation on the end of the cylinder of a hydraulic ram and the other arranged for rotation on the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic ram, there being means to supply fluid at a constant pressure to the ram, the reinforcing member passing around said two pulleys before being wound on the concrete and after passing around said tensioning pulley.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
US361686A 1972-05-19 1973-05-18 Method of making concrete pipes Expired - Lifetime US3928104A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2360072A GB1389738A (en) 1972-05-19 1972-05-19 Concrete pipes

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US3928104A true US3928104A (en) 1975-12-23

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US361686A Expired - Lifetime US3928104A (en) 1972-05-19 1973-05-18 Method of making concrete pipes

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US (1) US3928104A (xx)
JP (1) JPS4948716A (xx)
DE (1) DE2325295A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2185954A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1389738A (xx)
NL (1) NL7306977A (xx)
ZA (1) ZA733375B (xx)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4633568A (en) * 1984-11-27 1987-01-06 Vianini Industria S.P.A. Method of manufacturing reinforced concrete pipe having an evenly distributed steel wire reinforcement
US5024557A (en) * 1987-09-22 1991-06-18 Iorns Martin E Method and apparatus for constructing an offshore hollow column
US5573040A (en) * 1994-06-07 1996-11-12 Pipeform Llc Interlocked plastic-encased concrete pipe
US20140157715A1 (en) * 2011-07-17 2014-06-12 Philipp Wagner Method and Sliding Form for Producing a Structure and Corresponding Structure

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5313460B2 (xx) * 1975-02-10 1978-05-10
JPS51136285U (xx) * 1975-04-24 1976-11-04
GB2155389B (en) * 1984-03-12 1987-04-23 Stanton & Staveley Ltd Producing concrete sewerage liners
JPH0686251B2 (ja) * 1990-04-19 1994-11-02 新日本製鐵株式会社 ビレット切出装置
JPH0569927A (ja) * 1991-09-06 1993-03-23 Asahi Tec Corp 鋳型搬送装置

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2696353A (en) * 1951-09-13 1954-12-07 Steam Cote Corp Method of applying concrete
US3243949A (en) * 1961-07-10 1966-04-05 Fmc Corp Method of treating glass roving
US3489626A (en) * 1957-12-11 1970-01-13 Chemstress Ind Inc Method of making a prestressed,reinforced,resin-crete concrete pipe
US3506752A (en) * 1967-11-13 1970-04-14 Concrete Dev Corp Method of making reinforced polyester pipe
US3520749A (en) * 1967-01-31 1970-07-14 Chem Stress Ind Inc Method of making filament wound reinforced concrete pipe
US3630237A (en) * 1967-11-13 1971-12-28 Concrete Dev Corp Polyester concrete pipe
US3706615A (en) * 1969-06-04 1972-12-19 Kubota Iron & Machinery Works Composite tube and a method of producing the same using the filament winding process
US3711935A (en) * 1970-09-15 1973-01-23 Taiser Kensetsu Kk Method for introducing a prestress to a cylindrical concrete structure
US3740291A (en) * 1971-01-20 1973-06-19 J Mallard Method and apparatus for applying a coating to a tubular member
US3761557A (en) * 1971-05-06 1973-09-25 A Werner A method of reinforcing pipe coatings

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2696353A (en) * 1951-09-13 1954-12-07 Steam Cote Corp Method of applying concrete
US3489626A (en) * 1957-12-11 1970-01-13 Chemstress Ind Inc Method of making a prestressed,reinforced,resin-crete concrete pipe
US3243949A (en) * 1961-07-10 1966-04-05 Fmc Corp Method of treating glass roving
US3520749A (en) * 1967-01-31 1970-07-14 Chem Stress Ind Inc Method of making filament wound reinforced concrete pipe
US3506752A (en) * 1967-11-13 1970-04-14 Concrete Dev Corp Method of making reinforced polyester pipe
US3630237A (en) * 1967-11-13 1971-12-28 Concrete Dev Corp Polyester concrete pipe
US3706615A (en) * 1969-06-04 1972-12-19 Kubota Iron & Machinery Works Composite tube and a method of producing the same using the filament winding process
US3711935A (en) * 1970-09-15 1973-01-23 Taiser Kensetsu Kk Method for introducing a prestress to a cylindrical concrete structure
US3740291A (en) * 1971-01-20 1973-06-19 J Mallard Method and apparatus for applying a coating to a tubular member
US3761557A (en) * 1971-05-06 1973-09-25 A Werner A method of reinforcing pipe coatings

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4633568A (en) * 1984-11-27 1987-01-06 Vianini Industria S.P.A. Method of manufacturing reinforced concrete pipe having an evenly distributed steel wire reinforcement
US4702282A (en) * 1984-11-27 1987-10-27 Vianini Industria S.P.A. Reinforced conventional concrete pipe having an evenly distributed steel wire reinforcement
US5024557A (en) * 1987-09-22 1991-06-18 Iorns Martin E Method and apparatus for constructing an offshore hollow column
US5573040A (en) * 1994-06-07 1996-11-12 Pipeform Llc Interlocked plastic-encased concrete pipe
US20140157715A1 (en) * 2011-07-17 2014-06-12 Philipp Wagner Method and Sliding Form for Producing a Structure and Corresponding Structure
US9657722B2 (en) * 2011-07-17 2017-05-23 X-Tower Consructions GmbH Method and sliding form for producing a structure and corresponding structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7306977A (xx) 1973-11-21
ZA733375B (en) 1975-01-29
FR2185954A5 (xx) 1974-01-04
DE2325295A1 (de) 1973-12-13
GB1389738A (en) 1975-04-09
JPS4948716A (xx) 1974-05-11

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