US3926622A - Pitting resisting alloy steels - Google Patents

Pitting resisting alloy steels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3926622A
US3926622A US510542A US51054274A US3926622A US 3926622 A US3926622 A US 3926622A US 510542 A US510542 A US 510542A US 51054274 A US51054274 A US 51054274A US 3926622 A US3926622 A US 3926622A
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cerium
chromium
alloy steels
comprised
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US510542A
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Kingo Kiyonaga
Yoshiyuki Murakawa
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Proterial Ltd
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Hitachi Metals Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Pitting resisting alloy steels in which resistance to pitting is increased without adversely affecting superb mechanical properties and impairing the character of the microstructure of high-chromium alloy steels by adding cerium thereto.
  • the high-chromium alloy steels comprise carbon and chromium in ratios by weight which are in a region bounded by straight lines connecting together points of coordinates A, B, C, D, E and A in the drawing accompanying the specification and showing carbon-chromium ratios, and are added with cerium.
  • molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, cobalt, nickel and/or cop per may be added in suitable proportions to the high chromium alloy steels if it is desired to increase their wear resistance, strength at elevated temperatures and corrosion resistance.
  • high-chromium alloy steels are highly corrosion resistant and wear resistant. Because of these properties, they are used widely for producing edges tools, valve seats component parts of pumps and the like.
  • the high corrosion resistance of high-chromium alloy steels is attributed to the formation on their surfaces of a coat of high consistency of the oxides of chromium whereby the steels are brought to a passive state.
  • the metals which have the tendency of being This invention has as its object the provision of pitting resisting alloy steels which are high-chromium alloy steels of high strength and high wear resistance which contain more than 0.3 carbon.
  • the outstanding characteristic of the invention is that resistance to pitting of such high-chromium alloy stvels can be increased by adding a small amount of cerium thereto, without adversely affecting the properties of such steels.
  • the drawing is a graph showing the range to which the carbon and chromium contents of the alloy steels are limited.
  • Table 1 shows the chemical compositions of alloy steels according to the invention in comparison with brought to a passive state have the disadvantage of 15 those of steels of the prior art.
  • Cerium is expressed in proportions (7:) added to the alloy steels while other elements in proportions (7c) contained therein.
  • Table 2 shows the results of tests conducted on the steels shown in FIG. 1 for hardness and resistance to pitting after the steels were quenched and tempered.
  • the specimens used for the tests of Table 2 were annealed pieces of 6 mm X 15 mm X 40 mm. Quenching consisted of oil quenching effected after the specimens were maintained at various temperatures for three minutes, and a subzero treatment performed at 78C for ten minutes. In tempering the specimens, they were heated for one hour. After the heat treatment, the thickness of each specimen was reduced by about one millimeter by grinding one side only and then hardness tests were carried out. In subjecting the specimens to pitting resistance tests, the surfaces of the specimens were finished by using Emery grinding paper 500 and fat was removed therefrom.
  • the specimens were immersed in tap water and an aqueous solution of 0.1 N-Nacl for twelve hours. After lapse of the predetermined length of time, the number of pits formed in an area 13 X 38 square millimeters was counted in each specimen for comparison.
  • the alloy steels according to the invention contain carbon in order to impart to the steels sufficiently high hardness and strength to enable the products made of the steels to have a long service life.
  • the carbon content should be at least over 0.3 or preferably over 0.5
  • the proportion of carbon contained in the alloy steels according to the invention is limited to below 2.3
  • Chromium increases the corrosion resistance of a steel and particularly it renders a steel anntipitting.
  • the chromium content of a steel is below 5 the steel is very low in pitting resistance and cannot serve as an anticorrosion alloy.
  • an increase in resistance to pitting cannot be expected even if the chromium content is increased to a level over
  • the chromiumceliitent is limited to a range from 5 to 20 preferably from 8 to 18 in the alloy steels according to the invention.
  • the contents of carbon and chromium of alloy steels according to the invention are limited to a region bounded by straight lines connecting together points of coordinates A, B, C, D, E and A or preferably A, B, C, D, E and A in the drawing accompanying the specification.
  • Silicon and manganese are contained in ordinary stainless steels. If their contents are below 2 it will adversely affect the workability of the steels, so that their contents are limited to below 2.0
  • cerium would produce satisfactory results in increasing their resistance to pitting in other types of chromium, base alloy steels than the type described above.
  • one or more than two elements selected from among the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and cobalt may be added.
  • nickel and/or copper may be added singly or in combination. The addition of these elements to the alloy steels does not in any way affect the satisfactory results which the addition of cerium to them can achieve in increasing their resistance to pitting.
  • Molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and cobalt are elements which are effective to minimize a reduction in hardness which would otherwise be caused by tempering and at the same time to increase strength at elevated temperatures.
  • the upper limit of the proportion of each of these elements is limited for economical reasons to 2.5 each when added singly and to 4.0 in total when added in combination.
  • Nickel and copper have a strong influence on the formation of an austenite, so that their contents are each limited to below 2.5
  • the addition of cerium to the type of highchromium alloy steels containing titanium, zirconium, boron and niobium in order to increase strength in hot working can achieve the same results in increasing resistance to pitting as those achieved in the previously described types of high-chromium alloy steels.
  • cerium in proportions which are too high degrades the purity of steels when they are produced and renders the ingots hard to forge.
  • the proportion in which cerium is added to highchromium alloy steels is limited to a range from 0.01 to 2.0 preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 according to the invention.
  • cerium When cerium is added, it combines with sulphur and oxygen (0 and removed from of the steel as slag. Therefore, in actual practice, the amount of cerium added to alloy steels is more important than the amount ,of cerium contained in them.
  • the amount of cerium is expressed in a proportion in which it is added to the alloy steels, rather than in a proportion in which it is contained therein. Economically, it is preferable to add cerium in the form of mother alloy which contains cerium in several scores of percents. When this is the case, however, rare earth elements, e.g. lanthanum, neodymium,
  • Cerium readily reacts with oxygen (0 In view of this phenomenon, it will be advantageous to use a suitable deoxidizer, such for example as Fe-Si, Ca-Si or Al, simultaneously as cerium is added, or to add cerium after deoxidizing is effected beforehand.
  • a suitable deoxidizer such for example as Fe-Si, Ca-Si or Al
  • cerium is added, or to add cerium after deoxidizing is effected beforehand.
  • calcium, aluminum and other elements will be contained in the alloy steels. However, these elements can be contained as impurities in the alloy steels according to the invention.
  • This invention has particular utility when applied to high-carbon high-chromium alloy steels comprising carbon in a range from 0.6 to 1.0 and chromium in a range from 8 to 13 Quenching and tempering impart a high degree of hardness to these steels which are also highly wear resisting. These properties make these steels fit for producing edged tools of stainless steel. However, the edged tools made of stainless steel tend to develop pitting due to circumstances under which they are put to use. Since the addition of cerium to the aforementioned alloy steels can prevent the occurrence of pitting, these steels have a practical value for producing edged tools of stainless steel in the true sense of the words.
  • Pitting resisting alloy steels consisting essentially of by weight 0.01 to 2.0 cerium, carbon and chromium in ratios which are in a region bounded by straight lines connecting together points of coordinates A, B, C, D, E and A in the drawing accompanying the specification, less than 2.0 silicon, less than 2.0 manganese, and the balance iron and impurities.
  • Pitting resisting alloy steels consisting essentially of by weight 0.01 to 2.0 cerium, carbon and chromium in ratios which are in a region bounded by straight lines connecting together points of coordinates A, B, C, D, E and A in the drawing accompanying the specification, less than 2.0 silicon, less than 2.0 manganese, one or more than two elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and cobalt, said elements being in less than 2.5 each when one of them is comprised and in less than 4.0 in total when more than two of them are comprised, and the balance iron and impurities.
  • Pitting resisting alloy steels consisting essentially of by weight 0.01 to 2.0 cerium, carbon and chromium in ratios which are in a region bounded by straight lines connecting together po ints'of, coordinates A, B, C, D, E and .A in the drawing accompanying the specification, less than 2.0 silicon, less than 2.0 manganese, one or more than two elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and cobalt, said elements being in less than 2.5 each when one of them is comprised and in less than 4.0 in total when more than two of them are comprised, less than 2.5 nickel, less than 2.5 copper, said nickel and said copper being comprised either singly or in combination, and the balance iron and'impurities.
  • Pitting resisting alloy steels consisting essentially of by weight 0.01 to 2.0 cerium, carbon and chromium in ratios which are in a region bounded by straight lines connecting together points of coordinates A, B, C, D, E and A in the drawing accompanying the specification, less than 2.0 silicon, less than 2.0 manganese, one or more than two elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and cobalt, said elements being in less than 2.5 each when one of them is comprised and in less than 4.0 in total when more than two of them are comprised, and the balance iron and impurities.
  • Pittin g resisting alloy steels consisting essentially of by weight 0.01 to 2.0 cerium, carbon and chromium in ratios which are in a region bounded by straight lines connecting together points of coordinates A, B, C, D, E and A in the drawing accompanying the specification, less than 2.0 silicon, less than 2.0 manganese, one or more than two elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and cobalt, said elements being in less than 2.5 each when one of them is comprised and in less than 4.0 in total when more than two of them are comprised, less than 2.5 nickel, less than 2.5 copper, said nickel and said copper being comprised either singly or in combination, and the balance iron and impurities.
  • Pitting resisting alloy steels consisting essentially of by weight 0.05 to 0.5 cerium, carbon and chromium in ratios which are in a region bounded by straight lines connecting together points of coordinates A, B, C, D, E and A in the drawing accompanying the specification, less than 2.0 silicon, less than 2.0 manganese, and the balance iron and impurities.
  • Fitting resisting alloy steels consisting essentially of by weight 0.05 to 0.5 cerium, carbon and chromium in ratios which are in a region bounded by straight lines connecting together points of coordinates A, B, C, D, E and A in the drawing accompanying the specification, less than 2.0 silicon, less than 2.0 manganese, one or more two elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and cobalt, said elements being in less than 2.5 each when one of them is comprised and in less than 4.0 in total when more than two of them are comprised, and the balance iron and impurities.
  • Pittin g resisting alloy steels consisting essentially of by weight 0.05 to 0.5 cerium, carbon and chromium in ratios which are in a region bounded by straight lines connecting together points of coordinates A, B, C,
  • Pitting resisting alloy steels consisting essentially of by weight 0.01 to 2.0 cerium, 0.6 to 1.0 carbon, 8.0 to 13.0 chromium, less than 2.0 silicon, less than 2.0% manganese, and the balance iron and impurities.
  • Pitting resisting alloy steels consisting essentially of by weight 0.01 to 2.0 cerium, 0.6 to 1.0 carbon, 8.0 to 13.0 chromium, less than 2.0 silicon, less than 2.0 manganese, one or more than two elements 8 selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and cobalt, said elements being in less than 2.5 each when one of them is comprised and in less than 4.0 in total when more than two of them are comprised, and the balance iron and impurities.
  • Pitting resisting alloy steels consisting essentially of by weight 0.01 to 2.0 cerium, 0.6 to 1.0 carbon, 8.0 to 13.0 chromium, less than 2.0 silicon, less than 2.0 manganese, one or more than two elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and cobalt, said elements being in less than 2.5 each when one of them is comprised and in less than 4.0 in total when more than two of them are comprised, less than 2.5 nickel, less than 2.5 copper, said nickel and said copper being comprised either singly or in combination, and the balance iron and impurities.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US510542A 1973-10-03 1974-09-30 Pitting resisting alloy steels Expired - Lifetime US3926622A (en)

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JP11051273A JPS5611745B2 (enExample) 1973-10-03 1973-10-03

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DE (1) DE2447137B2 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1481875A (enExample)
SE (1) SE399913B (enExample)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3991930A (en) * 1975-09-22 1976-11-16 Fagersta Ab Method for producing a multi-layer metal strip and metal strip produced according to said method
US4299623A (en) * 1979-11-05 1981-11-10 Azbukin Vladimir G Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles
US4374680A (en) * 1979-11-05 1983-02-22 Azbukin Vladimir G Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles
US4405369A (en) * 1980-07-30 1983-09-20 Nippon Steel Corporation Ferritic heat-resisting steel with an excellent toughness
US4650645A (en) * 1983-04-28 1987-03-17 Daido Steel Company Limited Heat-resisting steels
US20050139294A1 (en) * 2002-08-26 2005-06-30 Hanyang Hak Won Co. Ltd. Fe-based hardfacing alloy
CN103667868A (zh) * 2013-11-21 2014-03-26 本溪市铸兴泵业有限公司 制作耐腐蚀水泵过流件的组合物及其方法
US20170096719A1 (en) * 2014-03-18 2017-04-06 Innomaq 21, Sociedad Limitada Extremely high conductivity low cost steel
CN107119224A (zh) * 2017-04-12 2017-09-01 滁州市东华模具制造有限公司 一种抗冷冲模具材料的制备方法
EP4026926A4 (en) * 2019-09-06 2023-09-27 Proterial, Ltd. STEEL FOR KNIVES, MARTENSITIC STEEL FOR KNIVES, KNIFE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING MARTENSITIC STEEL FOR KNIVES

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4098622B1 (en) * 1976-05-14 1995-11-28 Case Corp Earth- working implement
JPS53103917A (en) * 1977-02-23 1978-09-09 Daido Steel Co Ltd Martensitic stainless steel having good resistance to rolling load
JPS62167862A (ja) * 1986-01-20 1987-07-24 Nisshin Kogyo Kk 耐摩耗鋼
JP2517295B2 (ja) * 1987-06-30 1996-07-24 愛知製鋼株式会社 耐孔食性、耐食性、転動寿命および音響性に優れた軸受鋼
NL1008722C2 (nl) 1998-03-26 1999-09-28 Skf Eng & Res Centre Bv Roestvast staal.
RU2167215C1 (ru) * 1999-12-20 2001-05-20 Открытое акционерное общество "ВНИПП" Сталь подшипниковая
US20130160900A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Airbus Engineering Centre India SHAPE MEMORY STAINLESS STEELS WITH RARE EARTH ELEMENTS Ce AND La
CN112391582B (zh) * 2020-11-18 2022-01-18 宝钢轧辊科技有限责任公司 超深淬硬层锻钢冷轧工作辊及其制造方法
CN118147515A (zh) * 2024-05-13 2024-06-07 烟台源农密封科技有限公司 一种微弧氧化高铬铸铁细晶材料的制备方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3746536A (en) * 1970-08-07 1973-07-17 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Sealing alloy
US3876475A (en) * 1970-10-21 1975-04-08 Nordstjernan Rederi Ab Corrosion resistant alloy

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3746536A (en) * 1970-08-07 1973-07-17 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Sealing alloy
US3876475A (en) * 1970-10-21 1975-04-08 Nordstjernan Rederi Ab Corrosion resistant alloy

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3991930A (en) * 1975-09-22 1976-11-16 Fagersta Ab Method for producing a multi-layer metal strip and metal strip produced according to said method
US4299623A (en) * 1979-11-05 1981-11-10 Azbukin Vladimir G Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles
US4374680A (en) * 1979-11-05 1983-02-22 Azbukin Vladimir G Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles
US4405369A (en) * 1980-07-30 1983-09-20 Nippon Steel Corporation Ferritic heat-resisting steel with an excellent toughness
US4650645A (en) * 1983-04-28 1987-03-17 Daido Steel Company Limited Heat-resisting steels
US20050139294A1 (en) * 2002-08-26 2005-06-30 Hanyang Hak Won Co. Ltd. Fe-based hardfacing alloy
EP1563108A4 (en) * 2002-08-26 2005-09-21 Hanyang Hak Won Co Ltd FE-BASED ALLOY TREATED BY REINFORCEMENT SURFACING
CN103667868A (zh) * 2013-11-21 2014-03-26 本溪市铸兴泵业有限公司 制作耐腐蚀水泵过流件的组合物及其方法
US20170096719A1 (en) * 2014-03-18 2017-04-06 Innomaq 21, Sociedad Limitada Extremely high conductivity low cost steel
CN107119224A (zh) * 2017-04-12 2017-09-01 滁州市东华模具制造有限公司 一种抗冷冲模具材料的制备方法
EP4026926A4 (en) * 2019-09-06 2023-09-27 Proterial, Ltd. STEEL FOR KNIVES, MARTENSITIC STEEL FOR KNIVES, KNIFE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING MARTENSITIC STEEL FOR KNIVES

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE7412392L (enExample) 1975-04-04
DE2447137A1 (de) 1975-04-24
DE2447137B2 (de) 1977-06-30
JPS5611745B2 (enExample) 1981-03-17
SE399913B (sv) 1978-03-06
JPS5061317A (enExample) 1975-05-26
GB1481875A (en) 1977-08-03

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