Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
  • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
  • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
  • A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
  • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
  • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
  • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
  • A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
  • A24B15/32—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances by acyclic compounds

Definitions

• ABSTRACT A smoking mixture characterized by having the general flavor of flue cured Virginia tobacco is formulated from a mixture of nicotine, a modified (thermally degraded) carbohydrate and flue cured Virginia tobacco.
• the mixture includes as a necessary flavorant isovaleric or B-methyl valeric acids and/or mixtures thereof in amounts from 0.02% to 0.2% by weight of the mixture.
• the invention therefore provides a smoking mixture comprising a modified carbohydrate as smoke-producing fuel, nicotine, and as a flavourant isovaleric acid, B-methylvaleric acid, butyric acid or a mixture of at least two of the said acids.
• modified means chemically modified and implies that the original carbohydrate has undergone a change of a chemical nature.
• the modified carbohydrate used as smoke-producing fuel may desirably comprise a thermally degraded car bohydrate, especially thermally degraded cellulose, prepared for example as described and claimed in our United Kingdom Patent No. 1,113,979 by subjecting carbohydrate to a catalysed degradation process at a temperature of 100250C until the weight of degraded material is less than 90% of the dry weight of the original carbohydrate.
• the modified carbohydrate used as smoke-producing fuel may also comprise a solid condensate prepared by acid or base catalysed condensation of a compound of the formula RCO CI-I .CH COR (or a precursor thereof) wherein R and R which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or formyl group.
• R and R which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or formyl group.
• modified carbohydrates which may be used as smoke-producing fuel are oxidised cellulose (see for example Kenyon et a1. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Volume 41, page 2 et seq and cellulose ethers, particularly carboxymethylcellulose or its salts.
• the preferred acids for use in the invention are isovaleric and B-methylvaleric, and mixtures of these (for example in a ratio by weight of from 4:1 to 0.25:1 of the former to the latter) are especially effective.
• the aforesaid acids are effective even when present in very small proportions.
• proportions even as low as 0.02% by weight of the smoking mixture are effective.
• Higher proportions may be used if desired, but when more than about 0.2% is used an adverse flavour effect becomes noticeable.
• the smoking mixtures of the invention may contain other ingredients to impart desired physical properties and burning characteristics.
• Such ingredients may for example, comprise:
• Inorganic fillers By suitable choice of inorganic compounds high proportions of filler may be incorporated while maintaining an acceptable burning rate.
• Binders particularly film forming agents, e.g. methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, pectins, gums.
• Humectants e.g. glycerol, glycols.
• Glow controlling catalysts e.g. potassium citrate.
• Ash cohesion agents e.g. citric acid, bentonite.
• Substances producing acidic matter in the smoke in order to counteract the ,chokiness of the nicotine e.g. volatile acids, neutral substances pyrrolysing to volatile acids, or weak base salts.
• volatile acids e.g. volatile acids
• neutral substances pyrrolysing to volatile acids e.g., neutral substances pyrrolysing to volatile acids, or weak base salts.
• Carbohydrate materials e.g. cellulose, alginate, starch or sugar, or comminuted tobacco to improve physical properties. Such materials would generally be present in minor proportion only so as not to increase unduly the amount of harmful constituents in the smoke.
• flavouring agents may also be present in the smoking compositions if desired.
• the smoking compositions may additionally contain a protein and this is a further feature of the invention.
• the protein in the preferred smoking mixtures of the invention is desirably fat-free in the commercial sense, that is to say any residual fat should preferably have been removed from the protein, for example by extraction with a commercial solvent. It is not, however, necessary for the protein to be completely free of fat in an analytical sense, and the expression fat-free refers to proteins of such purity as to be acceptable commercially under this designation.
• the preferred proteins are casein, soyabean protein or zein but other proteins can be used, for example other animal proteins e.g. albumin, gelatin, peptone, haemoglobin or wool protein, or vegetable proteins e.g. proteins from wheat (glutin and gliadin) or groundnut.
• Partial hydrolysis products from protein are also suitable, for example the peptide-containing products known as protein acid hydrolysates and protein enzyme hydrolysates, particularly casein acid hydrolysate and casein enzyme hydrolysate.
• the smoking mixture of the invention is preferably in a fabricated form simulating tobacco or in a form from which tobacco-simulating material can be produced.
• the smoking mixture may be in sheet form.
• Known techniques of fabrication may be used.
• the modified carbohydrate is already in sheet form it may be convenient merely to treat the sheet so as to introduce the other ingredients, particularly the nicotine and the alkyl or hydroxyalkyl carboxylic acids. These may for example be applied to the sheet from a solution, by spraying or by means of printers rollers. (Application No. 48573/71).
• the modified carbohydrate is in powder form all the ingredients of the smoking mixture may be mixed with water to form a slurry which can then be spread on to a flat surface and dried to form a film.
• the smoking mixtures may if desired be blended with tobacco, particularly flue-cured Virginia tobacco, and
• the smoking mixtures contain nicotine together with an effective combination of flavourants they may be blended in high proportions with tobacco, particularly flue-cured Virginia tobacco, to produce blends which are acceptable to the smoker in all applications where the tobacco itself would normally be used, e.g. as fillings for cigarettes, cigarillos, cigars or pipes.
• tobacco particularly flue-cured Virginia tobacco
• EXAMPLE 1 98 parts of a material prepared by heat treating acellulose in the presence of ammonium sulphamate was mixed with 1600 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator, 22.0 parts of glycerol followed by 12.0 parts of lactic acid in 200 parts of water aere added to the mixture. A dry mixture consisting of 58.8 parts of calcium carbonate, 6.0 parts casein, 18.4 parts of bentonite and 8.0 parts of ammonium sulphate was then added followed by 54.4 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and 104.4 parts of magnesite. The resultant slurry was stirred for one hour and then cast on a drier to give a film with a dry basic weight of 48-52 gm/sq.metre.
• the film was shredded and 300 parts of the shred sprayed with 0.03 parts of isovaleric acid and 0.06 parts of B-methyl valeric acid in 300 parts of ether.
• the shred contained 0.03% by weight of the flavourant acids.
• FCV flue-cured
• EXAMPLE 2 1130 parts of a material prepared by heat treating a-cellulose in the presence of ammonium sulphamate was mixed with 16160 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 254.1 parts of glycerol followed by 204.2 parts of lactic acid, 1362 parts of nicotine, 0.7 part of isovaleric acid and 1.3 parts of B-methyl valeric acid in 3000 parts of water were added to the mixture. A dry mixture consisting of 680.7 parts of calcium carbonate, 213 parts of bentonite and 90.8 parts of ammonium sulphate was then added followed by 6262 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 1202.5 parts of magnesite. The resultant slurry was stirred for 1 hour and then cast on a drier to give film with a dry basis weight of 48-52 grams per sq.metre. This film contained 0.04% of the flavourant acids.
• the film was shredded and blended with an equal part of flue-cured (FCV) tobacco and made into cigarettes.
• FCV flue-cured
• EXAMPLE 3 1061.9 parts of the material prepared by heat treating a-cellulose in the presence of ammonium sulphamate was mixed with 16160 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 254.1 parts of glycerol followed by 204.2 parts of lactic acid, 136.2 parts of nicotine, 0.7 parts of isovaleric acid and 1.3 parts of B-methyl valeric acid in 3000 parts of water were added to the mixture. A dry mixture consisting of 680.7 parts of calcium carbonate, 213 parts of bentonite, 68.1 parts of casein and 90.8 parts of ammonium sulphate was then added followed by 626.2 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 1202.5 parts of magnesite. The resultant slurry was stirred for 1 hour and then cast on a drier to give a film with a dry basis weight of 48-52 grams per sq.metre.
• the film was shredded and blended with an equal part of flue-cured '(FCV) tobacco and made into cigarettes. These cigarettes were flavour assessed by a statistically designed Preference Test procedure against an otherwise identical 50/50 blend containing no casein, isovaleric acid or B-methyl valeric acid. The flavoured cigarette was preferred with greater than 99% confidence.
• Example 2 was repeated, using 0.35 parts of isovaleric acid and 0.65 parts of B-methyl valeric acid, thus producing a'film containing 0.02% of the flavourant acids instead of 0.04%.
• FCV flue-cured
• EXAMPLE 5 25.5 parts of a material prepared by heat treating a-cellulose in the presence of ammonium sulphamate was mixed with 300 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 5.7 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of nicotine, 3 parts of lactic acid and 0.03 parts of isovaleric acid in parts of water were added to the mixture. A dry mixture consisting of 15.7 parts of calcium carbonate,
• the film was shredded and blended with an equal part of flue cured tobacco and made into cigarettes. These cigarettes were flavour assessed against an otherwise identical 50/50 blend containing no isovaleric acid. The flavoured cigarette waspreferred, showing an improvement in flue-cured character.
• EXAMPLE 6 25.5 parts of a material prepared by.heat treating a-cellulose in the presence of ammonium sulphamate was mixed with 300 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 5.7 parts of glycerol, 2-parts of nicotine, 3 parts of lactic acid and'0.03 partsof B-methyl valeric acid in 150 parts of water were added to the mixture. A dry mixture consisting of 15.7; parts of calcium carbonate, 4.7 parts of bentonite and 1.9 parts of ammonium v sulphate was; then added followed by 14.2 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 27.2 parts of magnesite. The resultant slurry was stirred for-1 hour then cast on a drier to give a film with a dry basis weight of 48-52 gm. per sq.metre.
• the film was shredded and blended with an equal part of flue-cured tobacco and made into cigarettes. These cigarettes were flavour assessed against an otherwise identical 50/50 blend containing no B-methyl valeric acid. The flavoured cigarette was preferred showing an improvement in flue-cured character.
• EXAMPLE 7 25.5 parts of a material prepared by heat treating a-cellulose in the presence of ammonium sulphamate was mixed with 300 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 5.7 parts of glycerol, 2.0 parts of nicotine, 3.0 parts of lactic acid, 0.01 parts of isovaleric acid and 0.04 parts of B-methyl valeric acid in 150 parts of water were added to the mixture. A dry mixture consisting of 15.7 parts of calcium carbonate, 4.7 parts of bentonite and 1.9 parts of ammonium sulphate was then added followed by 14.2 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 27.2 parts of magnesite. The resultant slurry was stirred for I hour then cast on a drier to give a film with a dry basis weight of 48-52 gm per sq.metre.
• the film was shredded and blended with an equal part of flue-cured tobacco and made into cigarettes. These cigarettes were flavour assessed against an otherwise identical 50/50 blend containing no isovaleric acid or fl-methyl valeric acid. The flavoured cigarette was preferred, showing an improvement in flue-cured character.
• EXAMPLE 8 25.5 parts of a material prepared by heat treating a-cellulose in the presence of ammonium sulphamatea was mixed with 300 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 5.7 parts of glycerol, 2.0 parts of nicotine, 3.0 parts of lactic acid, 0.02 parts of isovaleric acid and 0.005 parts of B-methyl valeric acid in 150 parts of water were added to the mixture. A dry mixture consisting of 15.7 parts of calcium carbonate, 4.7 parts of bentonite and 1.9 parts of ammonium sulphate was then added followed by 14.2 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 27.2 parts of magnesite. The resultant slurry was stirred for 1 hour then cast on a drier to give a film with a dry basis weight of 48-52 gm per sq.metre.
• the film was shredded and blended with an equal part of flue-cured tobacco and made into cigarettes. These cigarettes were flavour assessed against an otherwise identical 50/50 blend containing no isovaleric acid or fl-methyl valeric acid.'The flavoured cigarette was preferred, showing an improvement in flue-cured character.
• EXAMPLE 9 25.0 parts of a material prepared by heat treating a-cellulose in the presence of ammonium sulphamate was mixed with 300 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 5.6 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of nicotine, 3 parts of lactic acid, 0.01 parts of isovaleric acid and 0.02 parts of B-methyl valeric acid in parts of water were' added to the mixture. A dry mixture consisting of 15.4 parts of calcium carbonate, 4.6 parts of bentonite, 2.0 parts of soya protein and 1.9 parts of ammonium sulphate was then added followed by 13.8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 26.7 parts of magnesite. The resultant slurry was stirred for 1 hour then cast on a drier to give a film with a dry basis weight of 48-52 gm per sq.metre.
• the film was shredded and blended with an equal part of flue-cured tobacco and made into cigarettes. These cigarettes were flavour assessed against an otherwise identical 50/50 blend containing no soya protein, isovaleric acid or B-me thyl valeric acid. The flavoured cigarette was preferred, showing an improvement in flue-cured character.
• the film was shredded and blended with an equal part of flue-cured tobacco and made into cigarettes. These cigarettes were flavour assessed against an otherwise identical 50/50 blend containing no butyric acid. The flavoured cigarette was preferred, showing an improvement in flue-cured character.
• EXAMPLE 11 25.5 parts of a material prepared by heat treating a-cellulose in the presence of ammonium sulphamate was mixed with 300 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 5.6 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of nicotine, 3 parts of lactic acid, 0.0] parts of isovaleric acid and 0.02 parts of B-methyl valeric acid in 150 parts of water were added to the mixture. A dry mixture consisting of 15.4 parts of calcium carbonate, 4.6 parts of bentonite, 2.0 parts of zein protein and 1.9 parts of ammonium sulphate was then added followed by 13.8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 26.7 parts of magnesite. The resultant slurry was stirred for 1 hour then 1 cast on a drier to give a film with a dry basis weight of cured character.
• EXAMPLE l2 25.0 parts of oxidised cellulose (the commercially available product Oxycel) was mixed with 300 parts of water and ground in a disintegrator. 5.6 parts of glycerol, 2.0 parts of nicotine, 3 parts of lactic acid, 0.01 parts of isovaleric acid and 0.02 parts of B-methyl valeric acid in 150 parts of water were added to the mixture.
• a dry mixture consisting of 15.4 parts of calcium carbonate, 4.6 parts of bentonite, 2.0 parts of casein and 1.9 parts of ammonium sulphate was then added followed by 13.8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 26.7 parts of magnesitesThe resultant slurry was stirred for 1 hour then cast on a drier to give a film with a dry basis weight of 48-52 gm per sq.meter.
• the film was shredded and blended with an equal part of flue-cured tobacco and made into cigarettes. These cigarettes were flavour assessed against an otherwise identical 50/50 blend containing no casein, isovaleric acid or B-methyl valeric acid. The flavoured cigarette wasp'referred, showing an improvement in fluecured character.
• a smoking blend characterized generally by the flavour of flue-cured Virginia tobacco, said blend comprising a mixture of a modified carbohydrate as smokeproducing fuel, nicotine, and as a flavourant, a member 8 of the group consisting the said acids, the modified carbohydrate comprising a thermally degraded carbohydrate prepared by subjecting the carbohydrate to catalyzed degradationxat a temperature of at least- 100C untilthe weight of degraded material is less'than of the dry weight of the original carbohydrate and the proportion of flavourant acids, comprising from 0.02% to 0.2 by weight,
• a smoking blend according to claim 1 whereinthe modified carbohydrate is thermally degraded cellulose.
• I isovaleric acid, B-methyl valeric acid, butyric acid and mixtures of at least two of I B-methyl vale-

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Citations (5)

• 1972
  • 1972-12-04 GB GB5583372A patent/GB1398177A/en not_active Expired
• 1973
  • 1973-11-05 IE IE1987/73A patent/IE38487B1/xx unknown
  • 1973-11-13 US US415427A patent/US3924644A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1973-11-13 DE DE2356706A patent/DE2356706A1/de active Pending
  • 1973-11-20 CA CA186,253A patent/CA997644A/en not_active Expired
  • 1973-11-22 NL NL7315988A patent/NL7315988A/xx unknown
  • 1973-11-28 BE BE138280A patent/BE807936A/xx unknown
  • 1973-12-03 FR FR7343066A patent/FR2212745A5/fr not_active Expired
  • 1973-12-03 LU LU68909A patent/LU68909A1/xx unknown
  • 1973-12-03 JP JP48135638A patent/JPS4993596A/ja active Pending

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