US3918880A - Safety device for gas-consuming equipment - Google Patents

Safety device for gas-consuming equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
US3918880A
US3918880A US428628A US42862873A US3918880A US 3918880 A US3918880 A US 3918880A US 428628 A US428628 A US 428628A US 42862873 A US42862873 A US 42862873A US 3918880 A US3918880 A US 3918880A
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United States
Prior art keywords
burner
pilot
gas
flame
combustion
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Expired - Lifetime
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US428628A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roger Paul Pierre Risse
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Lyonnaise des Applications Catalytiques Ste
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Lyonnaise des Applications Catalytiques Ste
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q9/00—Pilot flame igniters

Definitions

  • An improvement in safety devices for gas-consuming equipment such as catalytic heaters, which include a pilot-burner with a metastable flame which displaces itself from its burner when the oxygen content of the ambient air drops below a predetermined limit, thus causing a detector to shut off or greatly reduce the gas supply to the gas-consuming equipment.
  • the improvement comprises the addition of a chamber for ensuring through mixing of the combustible gas with the combustive air prior to combustion, and further including the use of a plurality of flames around the detector.
  • the present invention relates to safety devices for gas-consuming equipment which will automatically shut off or reduce the gas supply to the gas-consuming equipment when the oxygen content of the ambient air drops below a predetermined value. More particularly, the present invention relates to improvements on such devices which operate under the principle of flame displacement in which the evenness of operation is greatly increased.
  • the object of the present invention is a particular mode for implementing the previous invention, which, while conserving the set of advantages initially achieved, does furthermore introduce improvements with respect to them.
  • the present invention is based on the well-known phenomenon that the displacement of the flame of a burner occurs at that moment when the velocity of propagation of this flame falls below the velocity of the combustible mixture. This is precisely the phenomenon made use of in systems using a flame to control the composition of the atmosphere.
  • the speed of propagation of the flame also drops; but the speed of the gaseous mixture prior to combustion remaining essentially constant in such conditions, the flame will depart from the top of the burner. It is understood, of course, that in such conditions, the mixture must always be homogeneous. If perturbations otherwise arise, the system will be impaired as regards regularity of operation.
  • the apparatus in such case, as is represented by FIG. 1, comprises, or substantially comprises, in knowm manner, a tube 1 with a flame 2 set up at the open end and with a closed bottom traversed by an injector 3 above which is located an orifice 4 providing the primary air introduction to a venturi tube 5.
  • the gaseous jet traverses the 2 pilot-burner along its axis, and, the pilot-burner bulk being required to be as small as possible on practical grounds, the tube extending the venturi generally will be very short.
  • the object of the present application is the improvement of the safety device which is the object of the above mentioned patent.
  • FIG. 1, discussed hereinabove, is an elevation in section of a prior art pilot-burner for a system to control the composition of the atmosphere;
  • FIG. 2 is an overall view of the pilot-burner in elevation, in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 also in elevation, show the top of the anti-deflagrating mechanism, which is provided with a shutter-equipped window, respectively open and shut;
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of another incorporated lighting system.
  • the pilot-burner consists of an injector 6 at the end of a tube 7 in which the kinetic energy of the gas arriving through the injector 6 creates a depression which causes the entry of primary air through an orifice 14.
  • This tube 7 leads to a mixing chamber 8.
  • This chamber the volume of which is adjusted to the burning rate of the pilot-burner, greatly facilitates obtaining a constant homogeneous gas mixture.
  • the top of mixing chamber 8 is sealed by a thin steel plate 9, which may also be made of any other material inert under the operating conditions of the pilotburner.
  • the combustion orifice(s) 10 in plate 9 may be of diverse shapes, but preferably they should be circular and of suitable diameters.
  • plate 9 comprises a plurality of combustion orifices 10, for instance two or three.
  • the sensing component l1 acting as detector passes through the center of the sealing plate 9 of mixing chamber 8 and along the vertical axis of the latter.
  • the previously mentioned detection system 11 is preferably located between orifices 10, that is, between flames 12.
  • This pilot-burner technique also facilitates miniaturization, the gas flow rate being as low as 4 gm/hr if de- 3 sired for butane or propane, for instance.
  • the burner top is provided with an anti-deflagrating mechanism 13 which may consist either of a tube with a metal-screen gas escape window or of a sleeve entirely made of metal screen of appropriate mesh size.
  • the effective crosssection of the primary air intake passage 14 is adjusted in a manner known per se by means of an adjusting collar 15.
  • pilot-burner so improved allows eliminating the obstacle provided for in the above mentioned patent and which is meant to retain the flame at the time of flame displacement. Nevertheless, the elimination of this obstacle does not at all impair the back and forth motion of the flame in sleeve 13, as shown by the above mentioned patent. On the contrary, much empirical work has shown that the present novel concept of a pilot-burner very clearly enhances this back and forth phenomenon.
  • One of the very important characteristics of the safety device as described above is the feasibility of perfect and even operation for fine-control setting with respect to any variations of oxygen ratio in the ambient atmosphere. It is quite easy to effect flame displacement, that is, shutting off or reducing the gas supply to the gas appliance, for a very slight reduction of the oxygen ratio in the ambient air, if use is made of the easily accessible primary air control system 14-15; thus, such control is possible if the oxygen percentage drops from a normal 21 to 20.2 percent; similarly, fine-control still is very sensitive if a signal is desired only when the ambient oxygen content drops to 18 percent, for example.
  • the entire pilot-burner assembly may be made of a light alloy because of its moderate operational temperature; only the upper anti-deflagrating piece is a component to be joined.
  • Lighting of the pilot-burner may advantageously be effected by flame or spark or any other suitable means that are in contact with the upper part of the anti-deflagrating sleeve 13, which in this instance is provided with a lighting window 16 equipped with a shutter 17 which is automatically closed by means of a bimetallic strip 18, thus providing the anti-deflagrating state when the pilot-burner is lit (FIGS. 3 and 4). It is equally feasible to provide a spark-lighting system 19 within the anti-deflagrating sleeve 13 and near the flame zone l2,
  • thermosensitive detector means for shutting off or greatly reducing the gas supply to said gas-consuming equipment upon sensing displacement of the burner flame of the said pilot burner
  • said pilot-burner includes a combustible gas inlet, an
  • a combustion plate with at least one combustion orifice at which combustion occurs under normal operating conditions and a mixing chamber means between said gas and air inlets and said combustion plate for ensuring thorough mixing of the combustible gas and the air;
  • an anti-deflagrating sleeve mounted on said pilotburner over said combustion plate, said anti-deflagrating sleeve including a window at the top thereof and shutter means for opening said window when the pilot flame is not burning and automatically closing said window when the pilot flame is burning.
  • pilot-burner further includes a sensitivity setting means comprising a movable collar for covering any predetermined portion of said air inlet.
  • a safety device in accordance with claim 1 further including lighting means for igniting the pilot burner incorporated within said pilot burner.
  • pilot burner is in the form of a tube having a horizontal axis with said combustible gas inlet and said air inlet at one end and said mixing chamber means at the other end, said combustion plate comprising the top wall of said mixing chamber means.
  • a safety device for gas-consuming equipment comprising a pilot-burner with a metastable flame which moves by displacing itself from its burner when the oxygen percentage of the ambient air drops below a pre-determined limit, and a thermosensitive detector means, having a tip, for shutting off or greatly reducing the gas supply to said gas-consuming equipment upon sensing displacement of the burner flame of the said pilot burner, the improvement wherein:
  • said pilot-burner includes a combustible gas inlet, an
  • thermosensitive detecter means located between said combustion orifices and thus is not in contact with the combustion, and a mixing chamber means between said gas and air inlets and said combustion plate for ensuring thorough mixing of when the pilot flame is not burning and automatically closing said window when the pilot flame is burning.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
US428628A 1973-04-16 1973-12-27 Safety device for gas-consuming equipment Expired - Lifetime US3918880A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7314492A FR2226059A6 (ja) 1973-04-16 1973-04-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3918880A true US3918880A (en) 1975-11-11

Family

ID=9118297

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US428628A Expired - Lifetime US3918880A (en) 1973-04-16 1973-12-27 Safety device for gas-consuming equipment

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US3918880A (ja)
JP (2) JPS508120A (ja)
AT (1) AT334021B (ja)
BE (1) BE807590R (ja)
CA (1) CA1023256A (ja)
CH (1) CH567692A5 (ja)
DE (2) DE7346257U (ja)
ES (1) ES420742A2 (ja)
FR (1) FR2226059A6 (ja)
GB (1) GB1451282A (ja)
IT (1) IT1046009B (ja)
LU (1) LU68764A1 (ja)
NL (1) NL7315512A (ja)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4221557A (en) * 1978-06-12 1980-09-09 Gas Research Institute Apparatus for detecting the occurrence of inadequate levels of combustion air at a flame
US4613297A (en) * 1984-09-17 1986-09-23 Masco Corporation Vent flow monitor
US4718846A (en) * 1984-04-14 1988-01-12 Rinnai Corporation Combustion safety device for a gas heater
US5312036A (en) * 1991-09-13 1994-05-17 Ursus Trotter Instantaneous water heater which includes safety devices separately or in combination to prevent the explosion of the heat exchanger in the event of an excessive heating of the water in the heating coil and to shut-off the flow of gas to the burner
US5919035A (en) * 1996-03-19 1999-07-06 Rinnai Kabushiki Kaisha Cross flow type burner apparatus
US20070039568A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2007-02-22 Rheem Manufacturing Company Water Heater Burner Clogging Detection and Shutdown System with Associated Burner Apparatus
US20130040254A1 (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-02-14 General Electric Company System and method for monitoring a combustor

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2929619A1 (de) * 1979-07-21 1981-02-12 Process Electronic Analyse Und Waermeerzeuger mit einer programmsteuerung fuer die inbetriebnahme
JPS5658172U (ja) * 1979-10-08 1981-05-19
JPS5951916A (ja) * 1982-09-17 1984-03-26 Toray Silicone Co Ltd ジオルガノポリシロキサンエマルジヨンの製造方法
GB2165980A (en) * 1984-10-23 1986-04-23 Willey Robinson Ltd Safety device for gas supply

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US658890A (en) * 1900-03-15 1900-10-02 Frank M Brooks Bunsen burner.
US3295585A (en) * 1965-07-12 1967-01-03 American Gas Ass Apparatus for sensing the composition of gases, and gas burner system employing same
US3610792A (en) * 1968-02-26 1971-10-05 Lyon Applic Catalytiques Safety device for gas apparatus
US3683670A (en) * 1969-02-08 1972-08-15 Joaquin M Iriondo Atmosphere analyzer working by variation of the combustion front

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US658890A (en) * 1900-03-15 1900-10-02 Frank M Brooks Bunsen burner.
US3295585A (en) * 1965-07-12 1967-01-03 American Gas Ass Apparatus for sensing the composition of gases, and gas burner system employing same
US3610792A (en) * 1968-02-26 1971-10-05 Lyon Applic Catalytiques Safety device for gas apparatus
US3683670A (en) * 1969-02-08 1972-08-15 Joaquin M Iriondo Atmosphere analyzer working by variation of the combustion front

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4221557A (en) * 1978-06-12 1980-09-09 Gas Research Institute Apparatus for detecting the occurrence of inadequate levels of combustion air at a flame
US4718846A (en) * 1984-04-14 1988-01-12 Rinnai Corporation Combustion safety device for a gas heater
US4613297A (en) * 1984-09-17 1986-09-23 Masco Corporation Vent flow monitor
US5312036A (en) * 1991-09-13 1994-05-17 Ursus Trotter Instantaneous water heater which includes safety devices separately or in combination to prevent the explosion of the heat exchanger in the event of an excessive heating of the water in the heating coil and to shut-off the flow of gas to the burner
US5919035A (en) * 1996-03-19 1999-07-06 Rinnai Kabushiki Kaisha Cross flow type burner apparatus
US20070039568A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2007-02-22 Rheem Manufacturing Company Water Heater Burner Clogging Detection and Shutdown System with Associated Burner Apparatus
US20130040254A1 (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-02-14 General Electric Company System and method for monitoring a combustor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA1174A (de) 1976-04-15
CH567692A5 (ja) 1975-10-15
FR2226059A6 (ja) 1974-11-08
JPS508120A (ja) 1975-01-28
LU68764A1 (ja) 1974-01-21
GB1451282A (en) 1976-09-29
DE2365287A1 (de) 1974-10-31
NL7315512A (ja) 1974-10-18
JPS573853B2 (ja) 1982-01-23
ES420742A2 (es) 1977-02-16
CA1023256A (en) 1977-12-27
JPS54239A (en) 1979-01-05
BE807590R (fr) 1974-03-15
DE7346257U (de) 1975-12-04
IT1046009B (it) 1980-06-30
AT334021B (de) 1976-12-27

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