US3916403A - Apparatus for the rapid indication of visual information arranged in a mosaic system by means of magnetic indicating elements - Google Patents

Apparatus for the rapid indication of visual information arranged in a mosaic system by means of magnetic indicating elements Download PDF

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Publication number
US3916403A
US3916403A US331895A US33189573A US3916403A US 3916403 A US3916403 A US 3916403A US 331895 A US331895 A US 331895A US 33189573 A US33189573 A US 33189573A US 3916403 A US3916403 A US 3916403A
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United States
Prior art keywords
flip
magnetic
members
information
electromagnets
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Expired - Lifetime
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US331895A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jozsef Mandzsu
Laszlo Jagicza
Sandor Jodal
Lajos Ducza
Laszlo Avarosi
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FOK GYEM FINOMMECH ELEKT
FOK-GYEM FINOMMECHANIKAI ES ELEKTRONIKUS MUSZERGYARTO SZ
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FOK GYEM FINOMMECH ELEKT
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Publication of USB331895I5 publication Critical patent/USB331895I5/en
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Publication of US3916403A publication Critical patent/US3916403A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B5/00—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied
    • G08B5/22—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
    • G08B5/24—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission with indicator element moving about a pivot, e.g. hinged flap or rotating vane

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Apparatus for the indication of visual information arranged in a mosaic system by means of magnetic indicating elements, at high speed, in which the iron cores of the controlling electromagnets of the magnetic indicating elements are formed partially or entirely of a hard magnetic material, the coercivity of which is adjusted to a value lower than the coercivity of the permanent magnet components indicating the information, so that the programming speed of the information can be rendered independent of the indicating times, thus ensuring a high speed indication.
  • indicator elements arranged in a mosaic system are widespread for the visual indication of information.
  • apparatus employing incandescent bulbs is generally employed.
  • a magnetic flip-flop system is described in Hungarian Pat. No. 175,250 wherein the individual flip-leaves are semicircular and their surfaces are provided with different color coatings.
  • the individual flip-leaves also carry a permanent-magnet member, the magnetic axis of which is at right angles to the plane of the respective leaf.
  • the information is represented by the individual flip-leaves, together with the associated base panel.
  • the system embodying flip-flop indicating elements is a great step forward, since only quite minor masses need be set in motion in order to make the information appear.
  • the small masses make possible short control times.
  • the electromagnets must be excited by the control pulses for a longer period of time than necessary for flipping over the individual flip-leaves.
  • the minimum period of excitation of the electromagnets amounts to 50-60 milliseconds, considering the optimum excitation current strengths. This is a relatively short time period compared to the electromechanic indicating elements. However, in case of the larger mosaic-type indicating elements with diameters of 30-50 mm., this time period is considerably increased.
  • Hungarian Pat. No. 158,131 discloses flip-leaf indicating elements with larger dimensions, wherein the flip-leaves are no longer produced from a magnetic material, but rather from a nonmagnetic material.
  • the movement of the leaves is still carried out by a shift in the center of gravity caused by mutual magnetic effect.
  • a decreased time period of 50-60 milliseconds can be used with respect to the excitation of the electromagnet used for control purposes, since it is sufficient to excite the individual leaves only until the center of gravity has been shifted. This is so, because the shift in the center of gravity already ensures the stable fixation and stationary position of the individual flip-leaves.
  • the magnetic indicating elements are controlled by means of electromagnets wherein, in the interest of achieving a maximum magnetic force field with minimum energy, soft iron of high permeability is used as the iron core.
  • the duration of excitation of the electromagnets can be reduced, in dependence on the mass of the movable elements, to 40-50 milliseconds. Although these excitation periods permit a write-out speed of 800l,000 letters per minute, this speed still is far below that possible in view of the velocity of the circuit elements employed.
  • the invention provides apparatus for the indication of visual information formed bymeans of magnetic indicating elements in accordance with the mosaic system, at high speed, comprising permanent-magnet members indicating the information directly or indirectly, as well as bipolar-excited electromagnets controlling the permanent-magnet members, wherein the leads of the excitation coils of the electromagnets are connected with multiplication to a conventional electronic control unit producing the bipolar control signals.
  • the principal novelty of the apparatus is thaat the iron cores of the control magnets are formed partially or entirely of a hard magnetic ma terial with remanent magnetism, the coercivity of which is smaller than the coercivity of the permanent magnets indicating the information directly or indirectly, the permanent magnets indicating the information directly or indirectly having a smaller magnetic field strength than that necessary for the demagnetization of the iron core of the controlling electromagnet in the operative condition.
  • the coercivity of the iron cores of the controlling electromagnets is adjusted by any of the known heat treatments for this purpose.
  • the bipolar control output of the electronic control circuit for exciting the iron core of the controlling electromagnet ensures, in dependence on the information, a magnetizing level which exceeds the coercivity of the iron core either in the positive or in the negative magnetization direction.
  • the permanent magnets indicating the information are made from a barium ferrite base material.
  • the iron cores of the individual electromagnets can be associated with entirely separate coils, independent from one another and controllable in a bipolar manner.
  • a very great advantage of this invention is that, for indicating information, a pulse duration of only 1-1.5 milliseconds is required, which is substantially below the mechanical time constant of the indicating elements, wherein this time is determined essentially by the electric parameters, such as coil inductivity, the stray capacitance, etc.
  • the electric parameters such as coil inductivity, the stray capacitance, etc.
  • the process of covering a display panel with 100 letter fields from a storage means takes 0.1 to 0.15 seconds; and this produces the visual impression in an observer that the entire panel is displaying all the letters simultaneously, in a flash.
  • Another great advantage of the invention is that, in the case of a flip-flop indicating system, the shielding plates required between the individual mosaic elements can be omitted, since the danger of a mutual effect can be entirely eliminated, and the degree of operating safety is also increased to a great extent, even considering the mechanical factors which are not as reliable.
  • FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic view of an individual flip-leaf of the present invention and its position relative to the base panel, and the magnetic drive and control of the flip-leaf;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram on which the coercive field strength of the flip-leaf is compared with that of the associated iron core.
  • the flip-leaf l which, apart from its electromagnetic relationships, can be of conventional construction, and is mounted for movement under the impetus of its associated iron core 2, between 5 the two illustrated indicating positions relative to the base panel 3.
  • the manner of indication of information on the flip-leaf 1 and the base panel 3, and the interaction of these elements relative to each other with respect to the display of information, may be entirely conventional.
  • the coils of the iron core 2 are indicated at R and R It will be understood that the electronic control circuit which delivers at its outputs the various positive and negative voltages, and the cable connections thereof with the FIG. 1 structure, may be entirely conventional, and hence are not illustrated.
  • the number of the information channels of the electronic control unit will coincide with the number of picture element columns of the indicator unit, which latter is constructed with a conventional homogeneous arrangement of picture elements, the columns being connected by means of cables.
  • the number of position-selection units and/or the outputs thereof, with which the electronic control unit is provided coincides with the number of picture element lines of the indicator unit, which are likewise connected with one another by cables.
  • the combined control poles of the electromagnets controlling the picture elements, multiplied in the column direction, are connected to the column-type inputs of the indicator unit connected with the information channels, whereas the other poles of the excitation coils R and R of the above-mentioned control magnets are connected to the separate ground connection points of the line-wise multiplied and line-wise controllable position selection units by means of series connected elements, e.g., diodes, having the effect of valves in both directions.
  • the outputs of the position selection unit of the electronic control circuit connect diode-separated ground connection points in accordance with the joining of the current paths, and the thus-connected ground connection points are connected to the ground connection point of the supply unit.
  • the iron cores 2 of the electromagnets controlling the picture elements are magnetically coupled with the magnetic flip-leaves.
  • the flip-leaf 1 controlled by the magnetic coupling, assumes one of its two stable positions and simultaneously indicates the information by the color of its surfaces, together with the base panel 3, or obscures such information.
  • the electronic control unit applies, channel-wise, a positive or negative voltage to the inputs of the indicator unit, multiplied according to columns, in dependence on the programming and/or when derived from an information storage means, in dependence on the content of the storage means. Simultaneously with the read-out of the information, the line-wise position selection unit activates the corresponding picture element line, which can be set by the programming.
  • the electromagnets controlling the individual picture elements are excited with positive or negative polarity.
  • the excitation period e.g., during 1-1.5 milliseconds, the
  • iron core 2 is fully magnetized and furthermore activates, as a permanent magnet, the flip-leaf 1 associated therewith by magnetic coupling.
  • the flip-leaves turn their light or dark surfaces toward the observer, in dependence on the excitation or magnetization direction. Of course, the duration of the indication is thereafter dependent on the mechanical time constant.
  • the subsequent line is immediately activated, so -that, in effect, the display of the first line has not yet been terminated when the subsequent line is already being activated, and this process continues over the entire board.
  • the two channel systems are connected in such a manner that, after determining the individual lines, the channels controlling the information indication are controlled in correspondence with the signals obtained from the scanned channels, the information scanned from one line is written over into the other line, i.e., the
  • apparatus for the indication of visual information by means of magnetic indicating elements arranged in a mosaic system comprising permanent magnet flip-members displaying the information on a base panel and electromagnets excitable in a bipolar manner to control the flip-members, the electromagnets having excitation coil means whose leads are connected to an electronic control unit by which bipolar signals for excitation of the coils are emitted; the improvement in which the electromagnets have iron cores consisting at least in part of a hard magnetic material having remanent magnetism the coercivity of which is smaller than the coercivity of said permanent magnetic flipmembers, the permanent magnet flip-members having a smaller magnetic field strength than that required for the demagnetization of the iron core of the associated electromagnet in the operative condition.
  • said flip-members being in the form of flat flip-leaves pivotally mounted on the panel at one edge of each flip-leaf for pivotal movement about an axis parallel to the panel to occupy one of two rest positions against the panel.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
US331895A 1972-02-11 1973-02-12 Apparatus for the rapid indication of visual information arranged in a mosaic system by means of magnetic indicating elements Expired - Lifetime US3916403A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HUFO644A HU165534B (nl) 1972-02-11 1972-02-11

Publications (2)

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USB331895I5 USB331895I5 (nl) 1975-01-28
US3916403A true US3916403A (en) 1975-10-28

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US331895A Expired - Lifetime US3916403A (en) 1972-02-11 1973-02-12 Apparatus for the rapid indication of visual information arranged in a mosaic system by means of magnetic indicating elements

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3916403A (nl)
AT (1) AT330034B (nl)
CH (1) CH553465A (nl)
CS (1) CS180611B2 (nl)
DD (1) DD102841A5 (nl)
DE (1) DE2306067B2 (nl)
DK (1) DK138438B (nl)
HU (1) HU165534B (nl)
IT (1) IT977747B (nl)
SE (1) SE391050B (nl)
SU (1) SU604513A3 (nl)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4259801A (en) * 1977-04-22 1981-04-07 Kokusai Display Kogyo Co., Ltd. Display device
US4528932A (en) * 1982-07-15 1985-07-16 "Fok-Gyem" Finommechanikai Es Elektronikus Muszergyarto Szovetkezet Iron core for the magnetic induction of a visual information displaying element with a magnetic tilting plate
US4616221A (en) * 1984-01-19 1986-10-07 Nei Canada Limited Electromagnetic display
US4733231A (en) * 1984-05-23 1988-03-22 Lafon S.A. System for displaying a segment, primarily for use in a remote-controlled digital display
WO1988002531A1 (en) * 1986-09-29 1988-04-07 Bsr International Plc Display apparatus
US4764768A (en) * 1985-11-19 1988-08-16 Finommechanikai Es Elektronikus Muszergyarto Szovetkezet Signal display element for the display of more, than two informations for signal displays with electro-magnetically excited magnetic tilting plates
US4775863A (en) * 1985-11-19 1988-10-04 Finommechanikai Es Elektronikus Signal display element for the display of more, than two informations for signal displays with electromagnetically excited tilting plates
US4800381A (en) * 1985-01-22 1989-01-24 Johannes Joseph Electromagnetic indicator device
US4823490A (en) * 1985-10-11 1989-04-25 Fok-Gyem Finommechanikai Es Elektronikus Muszergyarto Szovetkezet Signal display element for the selective display of information with electromagnetically actuated tilting plates
FR2650419A1 (fr) * 1989-07-31 1991-02-01 Erfi Sarl Voyant magnetique
US5034737A (en) * 1988-04-08 1991-07-23 Minelco Inc. Magnetic flex core mechanism and method for making same
US5266935A (en) * 1992-02-10 1993-11-30 The Staver Company, Inc. Pixel display assembly
US5307057A (en) * 1991-08-29 1994-04-26 Vultron, Inc. Fiber optic display system utilizing a dual light source
US5500652A (en) * 1992-11-19 1996-03-19 American Electronic Sign Company Display element with reflective lens
US5748172A (en) * 1995-02-25 1998-05-05 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Mirror driving method and apparatus of micro-mirror array
US6677922B1 (en) 1995-12-04 2004-01-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Display element having retroreflective surface
US20040080484A1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2004-04-29 Amichai Heines Display devices manufactured utilizing mems technology
US20050088404A1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2005-04-28 Amichai Heines Display devices
US20180089547A1 (en) * 2016-09-26 2018-03-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Conductive loop detection member

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5524630Y2 (nl) * 1975-02-20 1980-06-12
IT1076017B (it) * 1977-02-01 1985-04-22 Nuovo Pignone Spa Perfezionamenti in un indicatore numerico elettromeccanico a sette segmenti
DE2747794A1 (de) * 1977-10-25 1979-05-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Anzeigeeinheit
US4694599A (en) * 1985-11-27 1987-09-22 Minelco, Inc. Electromagnetic flip-type visual indicator

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2920408A (en) * 1956-09-17 1960-01-12 Reed Res Inc Electric display sign
US3036300A (en) * 1958-12-30 1962-05-22 Ibm Electromagnetic display device
US3266033A (en) * 1962-11-23 1966-08-09 Stanford Research Inst Display panel having stationary and movable polarizing elements

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3444551A (en) * 1966-06-03 1969-05-13 Ferranti Packard Ltd Magnetically operated display device having display elements in liquid suspension
DD83727A2 (de) * 1969-04-07 1971-08-05 Mosaik-Kubusspiel
DE1935678B2 (de) * 1969-07-09 1972-02-10 Fok Gyem Finommechamkai es Elek tromkus Muszergyarto SZ, Budapest Vorrichtung zur visuellen darstellung von zeichen
AT309275B (de) * 1969-08-15 1973-08-10 Fok Gyem Finommech Elekt Gerät zur visuellen Anzeige von Ziffern, Zeichen u.dgl.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2920408A (en) * 1956-09-17 1960-01-12 Reed Res Inc Electric display sign
US3036300A (en) * 1958-12-30 1962-05-22 Ibm Electromagnetic display device
US3266033A (en) * 1962-11-23 1966-08-09 Stanford Research Inst Display panel having stationary and movable polarizing elements

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4259801A (en) * 1977-04-22 1981-04-07 Kokusai Display Kogyo Co., Ltd. Display device
US4528932A (en) * 1982-07-15 1985-07-16 "Fok-Gyem" Finommechanikai Es Elektronikus Muszergyarto Szovetkezet Iron core for the magnetic induction of a visual information displaying element with a magnetic tilting plate
US4616221A (en) * 1984-01-19 1986-10-07 Nei Canada Limited Electromagnetic display
US4733231A (en) * 1984-05-23 1988-03-22 Lafon S.A. System for displaying a segment, primarily for use in a remote-controlled digital display
US4800381A (en) * 1985-01-22 1989-01-24 Johannes Joseph Electromagnetic indicator device
US4823490A (en) * 1985-10-11 1989-04-25 Fok-Gyem Finommechanikai Es Elektronikus Muszergyarto Szovetkezet Signal display element for the selective display of information with electromagnetically actuated tilting plates
US4764768A (en) * 1985-11-19 1988-08-16 Finommechanikai Es Elektronikus Muszergyarto Szovetkezet Signal display element for the display of more, than two informations for signal displays with electro-magnetically excited magnetic tilting plates
US4775863A (en) * 1985-11-19 1988-10-04 Finommechanikai Es Elektronikus Signal display element for the display of more, than two informations for signal displays with electromagnetically excited tilting plates
AU614268B2 (en) * 1986-09-29 1991-08-29 Electronic Information Systems, Ltd Display apparatus
WO1988002531A1 (en) * 1986-09-29 1988-04-07 Bsr International Plc Display apparatus
US4831372A (en) * 1986-09-29 1989-05-16 Astec International Ltd. Display apparatus
US5034737A (en) * 1988-04-08 1991-07-23 Minelco Inc. Magnetic flex core mechanism and method for making same
FR2650419A1 (fr) * 1989-07-31 1991-02-01 Erfi Sarl Voyant magnetique
US5307057A (en) * 1991-08-29 1994-04-26 Vultron, Inc. Fiber optic display system utilizing a dual light source
US5266935A (en) * 1992-02-10 1993-11-30 The Staver Company, Inc. Pixel display assembly
US5500652A (en) * 1992-11-19 1996-03-19 American Electronic Sign Company Display element with reflective lens
US5748172A (en) * 1995-02-25 1998-05-05 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Mirror driving method and apparatus of micro-mirror array
US6677922B1 (en) 1995-12-04 2004-01-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Display element having retroreflective surface
US20040080484A1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2004-04-29 Amichai Heines Display devices manufactured utilizing mems technology
US20050088404A1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2005-04-28 Amichai Heines Display devices
US20180089547A1 (en) * 2016-09-26 2018-03-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Conductive loop detection member
US10366316B2 (en) * 2016-09-26 2019-07-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Conductive loop detection member

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA45873A (de) 1975-08-15
CH553465A (de) 1974-08-30
CS180611B2 (en) 1978-01-31
HU165534B (nl) 1974-09-28
SU604513A3 (ru) 1978-04-25
DE2306067A1 (de) 1973-09-06
DK138438C (nl) 1979-02-12
AT330034B (de) 1976-06-10
SE391050B (sv) 1977-01-31
DK138438B (da) 1978-09-04
USB331895I5 (nl) 1975-01-28
IT977747B (it) 1974-09-20
DE2306067B2 (de) 1974-08-29
DD102841A5 (nl) 1973-12-20

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