US3915224A - Process gas cooler - Google Patents

Process gas cooler Download PDF

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Publication number
US3915224A
US3915224A US479986A US47998674A US3915224A US 3915224 A US3915224 A US 3915224A US 479986 A US479986 A US 479986A US 47998674 A US47998674 A US 47998674A US 3915224 A US3915224 A US 3915224A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
tube
process gas
liquid level
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US479986A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans-H Richter
Klaus Mundo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Uhde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uhde GmbH filed Critical Uhde GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3915224A publication Critical patent/US3915224A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1884—Hot gas heating tube boilers with one or more heating tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/355—Heat exchange having separate flow passage for two distinct fluids
    • Y10S165/40—Shell enclosed conduit assembly
    • Y10S165/401—Shell enclosed conduit assembly including tube support or shell-side flow director
    • Y10S165/405—Extending in a longitudinal direction
    • Y10S165/407—Extending in a longitudinal direction internal casing or tube sleeve
    • Y10S165/408—Tube sleeve

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A cooler for process gas of temperatures in excess of 750 C in which the gas passes through tubes, the cooling length of which is subdivided into three sections.
  • the sections comprise; first, a hot or inlet section where the tubes are surrounded by a vaporizing liquid; secondly, a medium temperature or intermediate section where the tubes are arranged in a steam space and cooled by the saturated steam produced; and, thirdly, a cool discharge section where the tubes are surrounded by the vaporizing liquid.
  • the tubes are of inverted U-shape and preferably are of serpentine form where one arm of the U has portions overlapping the other arm for greater heat exchange. Vaporizing liquid is recirculated, added to, and cooled by feedwater.
  • Process gas coolers are preferably used in the chemical industries where process gas streams at high temperatures are required to be cooled before further processing while the heat content of the process gas is intended to be utilized for generating steam.
  • Process gas coolers employed for the service described above are expected to lower the temperature of the gas stream to the desired final level while the heat to be dissipated for this purpose shall be transferred at the same time to boiler feedwater for generating superheated steam at elevated temparture. It is known that such superheated steam .can advantageously be employed in steam turbines for transformation into kinetic energy.
  • Process gas streams at temperatures in excess of I,000 C and pressures of atm. abs. and more are obtained, for example, in chemical processes and must be cooled, for example, to 300 C and less prior to further processing. Because the chemical processes generally require steam, and/or steam production is credited to the final product price, the hot process gas streams shall be subjected to profitable cooling.
  • Process gas coolers are provided, for example, downstream of steam reforming reactors or partial oxidation reactors, said coolers receiving the hot gas at temperatures of about 1,000 C or 1,400" C. After intensive cooling through vaporization of boiler feedwater, the process gas leaves the cooler at temperatures of approximately 350 C or 200 C. The entire heat available at the high temperature level is utilized for generating saturated steam only. No superheated steam is generated.
  • the technological status of the art implies designing a cooling system for lowering the temperature of a hot fluid in that this system comprises a space substantially filled with liquid cooling fluid, the hot fluid passing across said space after being split up into a multitutde of streams with the aid of guide walls.
  • Boiler feedwater preheaters for example, are known from ammonia synthesis plants, where the hot synthesis gas is sent through the tubes while a cross-flow stream of boiler feedwater passes across the shell side of the preheater. In this case, the preheater is entirely filled with liquid cooling fluid.
  • a waste heat boiler as normally employed in partial oxidation plants using the Shell process may be cited as another example of a cooling system whose outer space is entirely filled with vaporizing cooling fluid.
  • boiler water is admitted to the outer space of the cooler at any suitable point while a steam/water mixture is withdrawn at the top of the cooler for being sent to a boiler steam drum.
  • a chemical process is assumed to yield a gas stream at l,500 C, said gas stream being admitted for cooling to a tubular waste heat boiler while saturated steam at 20 atm. abs. and 211 C is generated at the same time.
  • the high temperature level of more than I,000 C is used for generating saturated steam only.
  • saturated steam has only a limited field of application. The loss of energy would be lower if the cooling fluid were not only heated and vaporized but were superheated to 500 C. Steam generating will, indeed, drop with the quantity of heat transferred being held constant, but the volume of efficient thermal energy received by the cooling fluid will rise.
  • the superheated steam at an elevated temperature level is expanded in a turbine it will perform more work than a saturated steam generated through the same quantity of heat and will require less cooling water in the condenser.
  • superheating the cooling fluid is subject to limitation by the attainable heat resistance of those materials of construction that may be used for fabricating the partition walls between the hot and cold fluids.
  • a good heat transfer on the liquid side and a poor heat transfer on the hot gas side combine to attain sufficiently low partition wall temperatures.
  • the heat exchange zone receiving hot gas whose temperature has already been substantially lowered should be provided for the vaporization of cooling fluid. This is necessary because a positive motive temperature gradient is required for transferring the heat to the cooling fluid, and the cooling fluid temperature in the vaporizing zone is lower than in the superheating zone.
  • the design should be based on utilizing high heat transfer rates in the area of small motive temperature gradients in order to reduce the necessary heat transfer areas.
  • the present invention relates to a process gas cooler with liquid and steam spaces for generating superheated steam through heat exchange with hot gas at temperatures in excess of 750 C, said hot gas passing through a number of hot gas tubes.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages described above with reference to the cooling of hot gases and to achieve the maximum possible utilization of heat, i.e., a high rate of heat transfer to the cooling fluid.
  • the problem is solved by subdividing the cooling length of the hot gas tubes in the process gas cooler into three sections and, consequently, three temperature ranges, the hot section and the cool section being surrounded by vaporizing liquid, the section of the medium temperature range being arranged in the steam space so that it is inevitably cooled by the saturated steam produced, the liquid level constituting the boundary zone between successive tube sections.
  • the subdivision according to the present invention provides for first routing the hot gas across a zone of liquid cooling fluid, then across a zone of cooling fluid to be superheated and subsequently again across a zone of liquid cooling fluid, the hot gas being heatexchanged against the cooling fluid in each zone.
  • the zones of liquid cooling fluid the latter can be pre heated and vaporized.
  • the temperature zone of the cooling fluid to be superheated is located between the two zones of the liquid cooling fluid or, more precisely, in the area where the motive temperature gradients are sufficient and where these conditions ensure partition wall temperatures that are compatible with material strengths while leaving sufficient flexibility for selecting the shape of the partition walls.
  • This design also permits solving heat transfer problems where both a considerable temperature difference and marked pressure differences between hot gas and cooling fluid are involved. Referring to the foregoing observations, it may be added that the level of the temperatures involved requires to be visualized in conjunction with the materials of construction that are available.
  • FIGURE is a schematic view of a process gas cooler in accordance with the invention.
  • the hot process gas penetrates into process gas cooler vessel 1 through a bricklined inlet housing 2 at a temperature of l,400 C and at any pressure up to 120 atm g.
  • the gas leaves this housing and passes through the bottom of vessel 1 through several tubes 3 which continue into zig zag or serpentine tube coils 4, which are U-shaped, the inlet and outlet sections of which cross each other as shown.
  • the outlet ends of the tubes 3 extend from the side of the cooler vessel 1 in the vicinity of their gas inlet points.
  • the cooled process gas is collected in a header (not shown).
  • Those tube sections or lengths 41, 43, that carry the gas of the highest temperature level and those carrying the gas of the lowest available temperature in the cooler are surrounded by boiling water of, for example, 254C at 43.5 atm. abs.
  • This water is picked up by a pump P and recycled through a pipeline L, boiler feedwater of a lower temperature level from line L being admixed to suppress boiling before the water is admitted to a chamber 5 in the lower part of the vessel which is filled with water.
  • the chamber 5 accommodates the inlet ends of the tube coils 3 where the temperature is naturally at its highest level.
  • the water in the chamber 5 is heated to boiling or near boiling temperature before it penetrates through pipes 5 into the cooler vessel 1.
  • Steam space 6 above the water level 8 is of substantial volume and may be over half that of the vessel 1, and is filled with saturated steam, except for coils 42 arranged within their jackets 7. Saturated steam passes upwards around these coils and the associated jackets and is superheated along this route. Superheated steam passes from the jackets 7 at the top of the vessel through a common outlet pipe 9.
  • the drawing is only a schematic representation of the system according to this invention. It is essential, however, that the gas be subject to a marked temperature drop in the two zones of boiling water and in the superheating zone. To achieve this temperature drop, the gas tubesin these zones are shaped, for example, in the form of serpentine coils, helices or other means or configurations enlarging the heat exchange area.
  • Process gas cooler comprising:
  • inverted U-shaped tubes extending substantially throughout the length of the vessel and each having an inlet for hot process gas at one end portion of the vessel and an outlet from said vessel in the general region of the inlet,
  • each hot gas tube means for maintaining a quantity of liquid in said vessel for partially filling the vessel and for providing a substantial steam space above the liquid level and so that substantial portions of each tube are below and above the liquid level, whereby the cooling length of each hot gas tube is subdivided into three sections, namely an upward gas flowing section adjacent the inlet below the liquid level constituting the hot section, an upward and downward gas flowing section above the liquid level and arranged in the steam space constituting the medium temperature section, and the downward gas flowing section adjacent the outlet below the liquid level constituting the cool section,
  • each hot gas tube is of serpentine form providing a series of lateral portions successively extending in opposite directions and the corresponding lateral portions of the legs of the U overlapping each other.
  • Process gas cooler as claimed in claim 2 in which said liquid means comprises a pipeline extending from the lower portion of the vessel to an area near the bottom. pump means in said pipeline, and means to introduce feed-water to said line.
  • Process gas cooler as claimed in claim 3, comprising means to form a separate liquid chamber at the bottom of said vessel at the tube inlet end, and to which said pipeline extends, and means providing communication between said chamber and the interior of the vessel thereabove.
  • a process gas cooler for cooling a process gas stream from a high temperature while using the heat content thus removed from the process gas stream for generating superheated steam from added feedwater comprising:
  • C. means for maintaining a quantity of liquid in a lower part of the vessel by partially filling the vessel with the feedwater to a predetermined liquid level, whereby the vessel is divided into a substantial liquid space below the liquid level and a substantial steam space above the liquid level, and whereby three sections, namely, first, an upward gas flowing section of the tube adjacent the input means and LII situated below the liquid level to constitute a hot section of the tube, second, an upward and downward gas flowing section of the tube situated above the liquid level to constitute a medium temperature section of the tube, and third, a downward gas flowing section of the tube adjacent the outlet means and situated below the liquid level to constitute a cool section of the tube,
  • a jacket means surrounding the medium temperature section of the tube above the liquid level, the jacket means having a bottom and an upper portion, the jacket being in open communication with the steam space at the bottom of the jacket means, and, above the point of open communication, the jacket means preventing passage of steam from the steam space to the inside of the jacket means and vice versa, and
  • E. means for venting the upper portion of the jacket means to the outside of the vessel for withdrawal of superheated steam.
  • a cooler according to claim 5 wherein the at least one inverted U-shaped tube comprises a plurality of such tubes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US479986A 1973-06-22 1974-06-17 Process gas cooler Expired - Lifetime US3915224A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2331686A DE2331686A1 (de) 1973-06-22 1973-06-22 Heissgaskuehler

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3915224A true US3915224A (en) 1975-10-28

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ID=5884697

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US479986A Expired - Lifetime US3915224A (en) 1973-06-22 1974-06-17 Process gas cooler

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3915224A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (2) JPS5069402A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE816714A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2331686A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2234519B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1478346A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7408396A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53160856U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-05-24 1978-12-16
US4314606A (en) * 1978-09-12 1982-02-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for a treatment of flowing media which causes heat exchange and mixing
US4462339A (en) * 1983-08-29 1984-07-31 Texaco Development Corporation Gas cooler for production of saturated or superheated steam, or both
US4488513A (en) * 1983-08-29 1984-12-18 Texaco Development Corp. Gas cooler for production of superheated steam
US4564067A (en) * 1982-02-24 1986-01-14 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Waste-heat tank
US5099916A (en) * 1990-03-12 1992-03-31 Man Gutehoffnungshutte Ag Cooler for particle-laden gases
EP1219892A1 (de) * 2000-12-14 2002-07-03 Borsig GmbH Abhitzekessel zum Kühlen von heissem Systhesegas
US20080149316A1 (en) * 2003-08-06 2008-06-26 Friese Eckhard Heinrich Erich Apparatus and Process For Cooling Hot Gas
US20110035990A1 (en) * 2008-02-28 2011-02-17 Krones Ag Method and device for converting carbonaceous raw materials
CN108469192A (zh) * 2018-04-04 2018-08-31 北京巴布科克·威尔科克斯有限公司 一种用于汽包和高温气体换热的换热器及换热系统
CN114526618A (zh) * 2022-03-10 2022-05-24 郑州大学 一种多股流内套螺旋扭曲扁管绕管式换热器
CN114838602A (zh) * 2022-04-28 2022-08-02 泉州市六源印染织造有限公司 一种染色用蒸汽经降温后的冷凝水回收利用装置及方法
CN115135947A (zh) * 2020-02-21 2022-09-30 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 用于冷却低密度聚乙烯生产中的再循环废气的系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3643801A1 (de) * 1986-12-20 1988-07-07 Borsig Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kuehlen von spaltgas
DE10028824A1 (de) * 2000-06-10 2001-12-13 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Gases
CN115574345A (zh) * 2022-08-18 2023-01-06 中石化宁波工程有限公司 用于重质油气化的高压废热锅炉的保护工艺

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2283832A (en) * 1940-02-09 1942-05-19 Universal Oil Prod Co Control of endothermic and exothermic catalytic reactions
US2946570A (en) * 1957-03-20 1960-07-26 Foster Wheeler Corp Vertical feedwater heater
US3672444A (en) * 1970-06-03 1972-06-27 Patterson Kelley Co Water heating system
US3690374A (en) * 1969-04-10 1972-09-12 Siegener Ag Geisweid Gas cooler, for cooling synthesis gas, fission gas, and similar gases

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1189093B (de) * 1962-03-15 1965-03-18 Koppers Gmbh Heinrich Vorrichtung zum Kuehlen heisser Hochdruckgase
JPS42882Y1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1964-09-29 1967-01-19
US3348610A (en) * 1965-06-24 1967-10-24 Schmidt Sche Heissdampf Heat exchangers for cooling fresh cracked gases or the like

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2283832A (en) * 1940-02-09 1942-05-19 Universal Oil Prod Co Control of endothermic and exothermic catalytic reactions
US2946570A (en) * 1957-03-20 1960-07-26 Foster Wheeler Corp Vertical feedwater heater
US3690374A (en) * 1969-04-10 1972-09-12 Siegener Ag Geisweid Gas cooler, for cooling synthesis gas, fission gas, and similar gases
US3672444A (en) * 1970-06-03 1972-06-27 Patterson Kelley Co Water heating system

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53160856U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-05-24 1978-12-16
US4314606A (en) * 1978-09-12 1982-02-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for a treatment of flowing media which causes heat exchange and mixing
US4564067A (en) * 1982-02-24 1986-01-14 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Waste-heat tank
US4462339A (en) * 1983-08-29 1984-07-31 Texaco Development Corporation Gas cooler for production of saturated or superheated steam, or both
US4488513A (en) * 1983-08-29 1984-12-18 Texaco Development Corp. Gas cooler for production of superheated steam
US5099916A (en) * 1990-03-12 1992-03-31 Man Gutehoffnungshutte Ag Cooler for particle-laden gases
EP1219892A1 (de) * 2000-12-14 2002-07-03 Borsig GmbH Abhitzekessel zum Kühlen von heissem Systhesegas
US7610951B2 (en) * 2003-08-06 2009-11-03 Shell Oil Company Apparatus and process for cooling hot gas
US20080149316A1 (en) * 2003-08-06 2008-06-26 Friese Eckhard Heinrich Erich Apparatus and Process For Cooling Hot Gas
US20110035990A1 (en) * 2008-02-28 2011-02-17 Krones Ag Method and device for converting carbonaceous raw materials
CN108469192A (zh) * 2018-04-04 2018-08-31 北京巴布科克·威尔科克斯有限公司 一种用于汽包和高温气体换热的换热器及换热系统
CN108469192B (zh) * 2018-04-04 2024-06-04 北京巴布科克·威尔科克斯有限公司 一种用于汽包和高温气体换热的换热器及换热系统
CN115135947A (zh) * 2020-02-21 2022-09-30 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 用于冷却低密度聚乙烯生产中的再循环废气的系统
US20230077287A1 (en) * 2020-02-21 2023-03-09 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Systems for Cooling Recycled Off-Gas in Low-Density Polyethylene Production
CN114526618A (zh) * 2022-03-10 2022-05-24 郑州大学 一种多股流内套螺旋扭曲扁管绕管式换热器
CN114838602A (zh) * 2022-04-28 2022-08-02 泉州市六源印染织造有限公司 一种染色用蒸汽经降温后的冷凝水回收利用装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE816714A (fr) 1974-10-16
DE2331686A1 (de) 1975-01-23
NL7408396A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-24
GB1478346A (en) 1977-06-29
JPS58112805U (ja) 1983-08-02
JPS5069402A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-06-10
FR2234519B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-01-13
FR2234519A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-17

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