US3915216A - Method of controlling the secondary cooling of a continuously cast strand - Google Patents

Method of controlling the secondary cooling of a continuously cast strand Download PDF

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Publication number
US3915216A
US3915216A US393556A US39355673A US3915216A US 3915216 A US3915216 A US 3915216A US 393556 A US393556 A US 393556A US 39355673 A US39355673 A US 39355673A US 3915216 A US3915216 A US 3915216A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cooling
strand
cooling zone
sections
individual
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US393556A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kalman Fekete
Werner Bruderer
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SMS Concast AG
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Concast AG
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Publication date
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Priority to US05/598,641 priority Critical patent/US4009750A/en
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Publication of US3915216A publication Critical patent/US3915216A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1917—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using digital means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
    • B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of and apparatus for controlling the cooling of a continuously cast strand of metal at individual cooling zone sections after departing from a continuous casting mold. According to the invention, during casting there is integrated the speed of the individual strand sections over the travel time and there is simultaneously fixed the time spent by a strand section in the cooling zone to determine by means of a computer the amount of cooling agent applied to the individual strand sections. Such value is compared with reference quantities and there is determined the residual amount of cooling agent which is still to be applied to such strand section.
  • the present invention relates to a new and improved method of controlling cooling of a strand departing from a continuous casting mold wherein the quantities of cooling water impinging the surface of the strand at the individual cooling zone sections are adjustable and at the beginning of the casting operation there are determined by a computer reference or rated values of such quantities of cooling water as a function of the chemical or metallurgical composition of the strand material, strand cross-section and the desired casting speed, and during casting such rated values are changed as a function of the travel time of imaginary strand sections from the mold up to a relevant section of the cooling zone, and furthermore, this invention relates to a new and improved apparatus for the performance of the aforesaid method.
  • cooling zone which follows the continuous casting mold. Consequently, the quantities of cooling water are adjusted at the individual zones, also referred to in the art as the cooling zone sections or regions, in such a way that there is realized an approximately constant surface temperature at the strand during its solidification.
  • the values of the quantitative amounts of cooling water which should be set prior to the start of casting are determined by a computer as a function of the composition of the strand material, the strand cross-section and the desired casting time.
  • the quantities of water introduced into the individual regions or zones of the secondary cooling zone becomes that much smaller the farther the relevant zone is located from the mold, since the thickness of the skin of the strand increases with increasing distance from the mold, whereby in the same way the heat conduction resistivity or resistance also increases. If during casting there occur changes in the above-mentioned influencing factors, especially the casting speed, then these changes can be taken into account to a certain degree. This occurs for instance in that the strand is subdivided into imaginary sections and there is fixed the time which the sections require for the travel from the mold up to the cooling device. As a function of this time, the computer selects from a prescribed curve the appropriate new quantity of cooling agent.
  • Another and more specific object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of, and apparatus for, cooling a strand emerging from a continuous casting mold in a manner wherein it is possible to cool the strand material at the individual zones almost exactly to a degree which corresponds to the change in the heat conduction resistivity of the strand skin during increasing solidification or corresponding to the changes of the heat conduction resistivity at the individual zones owing to variations in the casting speed and the already transpired cooling.
  • Yet a further object of the present invention relates to a new and improved method of, and apparatus for, cooling continuous castings wherein there is realized less consumption of water and there are obtained as good as possible surface properties of the cast strand.
  • the method aspects of this development contemplate that during casting, by integrating the speed of the individual strand sections over the travel time and simultaneously fixing or determining the residence time of a strand section in the cooling zone, there is determined by means of a computer the quantity of cooling agent applied to the individual sections, this value is compared with a quantitative reference value and there is determined the residual quantity of cooling agent which is still to be applied to such strand section.
  • the length of the strand section is to be chosen as a function of the desired accuracy of the cooling effect and the capacity of the computer. Basically, the control functions that much more accurately the smaller there is selected the strand sections.
  • the length of the strand section should be, however, in a certain relationship to the length of the cooling zone section.
  • the length of the cooling zone sections also referred to as the cooling zones, can be selected as a function of the desired cooling accuracy and the technical design of the installation as well as the capacity of the computer. Also in this case, if there is only considered the cooling process, the best results can be then realized when the sections are selected to be as small as possible.
  • the curve of the specifically applied quantity of water which is plotted as a function of time possesses a practically ascending course and there is possible an almost infinite accommodation of the cooling during change in the casting speed.
  • the continuous course of the curve is best realized if during changes in the cooling operation the length of the individual cooling zone sections and the total length of the cooling zone are changed. However, in certain cases it is advantageous if only the length of the individual cooling zone sections or the total length of the cooling zone is changed. All three possibilities permit maintaining constant the residence time of the strand section in the total cooling zone, insuring for an exceptional strandand surface quality. Finally, it is possible during the entire casting operation to maintain the maximum permissible withdrawal of heat for realizing the desired quality and characteristics of the strand with the lowest possible consumption of water.
  • the apparatus for the performance of the inventive method comprises a process computer having input and output units, cooling agent-infeed means for a cooling device subdivided into sections, equipment for regulating the quantity of cooling agent for these sections, and a mechanism for applying the cooling agent to the strand material. Furthermore, the equipment of this development is manifested by the features that the sections are sub-divided into sub-groups and the sections as well as the sub-groups possess their own respective regulator for controlling the quantity of cooling agent and possess a direct connection to the computer.
  • the computer in particular possesses inputs for the casting speed or velocity, the casting temperature and the temperature of the strand surface as well as the pressure of the cooling agent at the region of the spray nozzles. Furthermore, there are also provided, however, inputs for fixed values or parameters of the casting installation, for the shape or format of the crosssection, the chemical composition of the melt to be cast, disturbance functions brought about by the influence of an oxide layer and vapor-film, the strand surface located at the region of the still liquid melt and effective for cooling, the empirically determined cooling function and the function of the specific cooling agentor water consumption requirements existing as a function of time.
  • the specific water consumption or requirement per surface element is a function of the cooling time and therefore represents an average or mean value of the cooling agent with which there can be realized an optimum result as concerns quality and simultaneous economies during casting of a strand. This optimum curve can be ascertained by calculations and experiments. It
  • the effective cooling at the secondary cooling zone likewise proceeds with a corresponding timedisplacement.
  • This time-displacement is determined by the computer through continuous integration of the casting speed as a function of time and is compared with stored values and as a function thereof there is determined or changed the reference or rated value of the specific water consumption requirement at the individual cooling zone sections.
  • the surface considered to be decisive for cooling is the strand surface at the region of which there is still present a liquid core in the strand.
  • the thickness of the solidified strand shell or skin In order to determine the specific water requirement along the cooling zone there must be taken into account the thickness of the solidified strand shell or skin. Depending upon the casting speed there always results a different skin or shell thickness at the individual cooling zones.
  • the adjustment of the basic water distribution in the cooling zone sections occurs by means of adjustable slides or possibly by appropriate nozzle arrangements or the like.
  • the basic water quantity is influenced by the composition of the steel or working material. Depending upon the cast material, the water requirement based upon the surface is multiplied by a factor which is dependent upon the material which is to be cast. Also the disturbance functions are decisive influencing factors.
  • a factor which is disturbing for cooling is the insulating oxide layers which have a different effective action at each zone.
  • the change in the quantity of basic water required for this purpose at the individual zones is determined by experimentation or trial.
  • the vapor film or layer which forms as a function of the quantity of cooling water also has an insulating effect, depending upon the impact pressure of the water. This effect or influence also can be likewise determined by trial.
  • the thus prescribed reference values undergo further changes during casting and which are dependent upon the casting speed or velocity and the casting temperature.
  • the last-mentioned influencing factors are namely subject to considerably changes during casting. Taking such into account in the manner proposed by the invention, produces the result that it is thus possible to accommodate the different solidification and cooling requirements of the strand up to the relevant cooling zone which is to be controlled, these different solidification and cooling requirements of the strand resulting from the casting speeds which particularly change during casting.
  • the changes is especially possible in that, by virtue of a timedisplacment determined by the computer, it is possible to change the length of the individual cooling zone sections and/or the total length of the cooling zone and thus the residence time of the strand sections at the total cooling zone can be maintained constant.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of control apparatus designed according to the teachings of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a curve portraying the dependency of the specific quantity of cooling agent e.g. water as a function of time.
  • control apparatus embodying the teachings of this development which comprises a process computer 1 having an inpupt unit or portion 2 as well as an output unit or portion 3.
  • This computer 1 also is equipped with additional peripheral or auxiliary devices required for operating such computer l.
  • the input unit or portion 2 receives through the agency of input channels 4 information or data such as for instance the specific water requirements as a function of time, the empirically determined cooling function, the disturbance functions caused by slag and vapor layers, information concerning the chemical or metallurgical composition of the cast material, the cross-sectional format or shape, the desired casting speed and the casting temperature.
  • the actual casting speed or velocity is introduced into the system through the agency of an input channel 5 and via channels 6 and 7 control data such as strand surface temperature and cooling agent pressure is directly fed back from in front of the spray nozzles into the computer 1.
  • the process data determined by the computer 1 is then fed via the output unit or portion 3 and the output channels 35, 36, 37 and 38 to the sections or regions of the cooling zone to be controlled. Delivery of cooling agent to the spray devices or units 29, 31 occurs through the agency of cooling agent-infeed means 24 at which there are mounted quantitative regulator elements 25, 26, such as valves for instance.
  • FIG. 1 there are illustrated two different possibilities for controlling coolng and the quantity of cooling agent.
  • the valve 25, a measurement device 12, a regulator 10 and an adjustment element 11 thus form a control or regulator circuit for the cooling zone section 28.
  • the relevant reference or rated values are received by the regulator 10 through the agency of the output channel 37 from the output unit or portion 3 of the computer 1.
  • a pressure measuring device 22 which reports directly back to the computer 1, via the channel 7, the pressure of the cooling agent.
  • temperature measuring devices 21 which report back to the computer 1, via the channel 6, the surface temperature of the cast strand.
  • a cooling zone section 32 which likewise contains a control or regulating circuit connected with the infeed line 24, this control circuit embodying a valve 26, adjustment element 16, regulator 15 and measuring device 17.
  • the relevant reference or rated values decisive for the entire seciton or region 32 and determined by the computer 1 are delivered via the channel 35 to the regulator 15.
  • the cooling zone section 32 for this embodiment is, however, subdivided into further sub-groups or subordinate groups 30, wherein each sub-group is provided with its own valve 27.
  • the subgroups 30 can encompass one or a number of spray or distributor units or devices 31.
  • each sub-group there is formed its own additional control or regulating circuit by means of the valve 27, regulator 18 and measuring or measurement device 19 which receives the reference value information directly from the computer 1 through the agency of the channel 36.
  • regulator 18 By means of the valves 27 it is possible, in addition to the valve 26, to regulate the quantities of water delivered to the spray units 31.
  • Each regulator 18 contains in a known manner the requisite components, such as comparator, transmission element and adjusting element. Additional non-illustrated cooling zone sections 28, 32 are connected via the output channels 38 with the computer 1.
  • cooling zone sections are equipped with control devices corresponding to section 28 or with control devices corresponding to section 32 depends upon the desired accuracy of cooling. However, it is also possible to design the system with combinations of both possibilities, wherein for instance the upper cooling zone sections, related to the direction of strand travel, corresponding to section 32 are provided with valves 26 and 27 and the lower cooling zone sections corresponding to section 28 are only provided with one valve 25.
  • the necessary data such as composition of the strand material, crosssection of the strand and desired casting speed, are introduced into the computer 1 through the agency of the input channels 4 and 5, so as to select the necessary cooling agent reference or rated values.
  • the computer 1 selects from the stored cooling agent curves and disturbance functions the necessary reference or rated values for the quantities of cooling agent. These are delivered via the output channels 35, 36, 37 and 38 to the regulators 10, 15 and 18.
  • the course approximating the curve 44 is thus initially only set or adjusted by the regulators and and the regulator 18 imparts to the valves 27 an average position which permits a change in the quantity of cooling agent in the positive and negative direction.
  • the pressure measuring devices 22 it is possible for the computer to control whether the desired cooling agent program has been maintained. If this is the case, then it is possible to begin with the casting operation.
  • the computer 1 During casting, there is continuously delivered the momentary casting speed or velocity via the input channel 5 to the computer 1.
  • the strand during casting, is divided into imaginary more or less large sections and the velocity of these individual sections are continuously integrated over the casting time.
  • the computer 1 determines the time which is spent by each casting section at the cooling zone, since the cooling time which is identical with the residence time at the cooling zone should be maintained constant.
  • the computer through comparison with the reference quantities based upon the curves 44, determines the quantities of cooling agent which are still to be applied to such strand section.
  • At the end of the cooling zone at least one cooling zone section 28 or 32 is switched-out and the quantity of cooling agent of the preceding cooling zone sections 28 and 32 is reduced in accordance with the reference value curve 44 stored at the computer 1.
  • Such accommodation occurs through the agency of the regulators 10 and 15.
  • a more exact control of the cooling process is possible if the length of the individual cooling zone sections 32 are additionally changed via the regulators l8 and the valves 27.
  • the quantity of cooling agent furnished by the spray units e.g. spray rings 31 via the regulator 15 and the valve 26 is still further changed by the regulators 18 and the valves 27, that is, does not remain constant throughout a cooling zone section 32.
  • the selection of the number of cooling zone sections 28, 32 as well as the sub-groups 30 per cooling zone section 32 depends upon the capacity of the computer 1 and the prescribed limits of the erection and production costs of the continuous casting installation. Also the selection of the length of the imaginary strand sections depends upon the capacity of the computer 1 and the permissible operating costs. However, it has been found to be advantageous if the length of the imaginary strand sections amounts to approximately one-fifth of the length of the shortest cooling zone section 28, 32.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
US393556A 1972-09-06 1973-08-31 Method of controlling the secondary cooling of a continuously cast strand Expired - Lifetime US3915216A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/598,641 US4009750A (en) 1972-09-06 1975-07-24 Apparatus for controlling the cooling of a strand emanating from a continuous casting mold

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1312072A CH552424A (de) 1972-09-06 1972-09-06 Verfahren zum steuern der kuehlung eines aus einer durchlaufkokille austretenden stranges und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens.

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US05/598,641 Division US4009750A (en) 1972-09-06 1975-07-24 Apparatus for controlling the cooling of a strand emanating from a continuous casting mold

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US (1) US3915216A (xx)
JP (1) JPS5336419B2 (xx)
AT (1) AT341127B (xx)
AU (1) AU466915B2 (xx)
BE (1) BE804525A (xx)
BR (1) BR7306892D0 (xx)
CA (1) CA1000596A (xx)
CH (1) CH552424A (xx)
ES (1) ES418646A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2197676B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1448383A (xx)
IT (1) IT993888B (xx)
NL (1) NL161384C (xx)
SE (1) SE388791B (xx)
ZA (1) ZA736088B (xx)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4073335A (en) * 1974-04-01 1978-02-14 Pont-A-Mousson S.A. Cooling device for iron pipe centrifugal casting machine
US4073332A (en) * 1974-09-26 1978-02-14 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Method of controlling continuous casting of a metal
US4169498A (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-10-02 Werner Wilhelm Method for the secondary cooling of a metal strand
US4239000A (en) * 1977-07-05 1980-12-16 Kobe Steel, Limited Selectively blocked matrix-form stencil and method of use
US4422303A (en) * 1982-06-25 1983-12-27 The Standard Oil Company Process for cooling a continuously moving material to a predetermined temperature
US4463795A (en) * 1980-03-13 1984-08-07 Fives-Cail Babcock Method of cooling a continuous casting
US4483387A (en) * 1981-10-02 1984-11-20 Fives-Cail Babcock Method of controlling cooling of a continuous casting
US5085264A (en) * 1989-02-27 1992-02-04 Irsid Process for adjusting the secondary cooling of a machine for continuous casting of metal products
US6264767B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2001-07-24 Ipsco Enterprises Inc. Method of producing martensite-or bainite-rich steel using steckel mill and controlled cooling
US6354364B1 (en) * 1994-03-30 2002-03-12 Nichols Aluminum-Golden, Inc. Apparatus for cooling and coating a mold in a continuous caster
US6374901B1 (en) * 1998-07-10 2002-04-23 Ipsco Enterprises Inc. Differential quench method and apparatus
US6446703B1 (en) * 1998-09-30 2002-09-10 Nichols Aluminum-Golden, Inc. Method and apparatus for improving the quality of continuously cast metal
US6508298B2 (en) * 2000-01-13 2003-01-21 Sms Demag Ag Method and apparatus for preventing undesirable cooling of the strip edge areas of a cast strand
US20040051545A1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-18 Tilton Charles L. Semiconductor burn-in thermal management system
EP1550523A1 (de) * 2004-01-03 2005-07-06 SMS Demag AG Diversifizierte Regelung der Sekundärkühlung einer Stranggiessanlage
US20070251663A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2007-11-01 William Sheldon Active temperature feedback control of continuous casting
US20080198900A1 (en) * 2007-02-21 2008-08-21 Myhre Douglas C Temperature measurement system
CN101844215B (zh) * 2009-03-27 2013-03-13 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种基于双冷却模式的板坯连铸动态二冷控制方法
CN109014101A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-12-18 铜陵和武机械制造有限责任公司 一种连续铸模铸坯水汽冷却装置及其调节控制系统
CN112708789A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-27 包头铝业有限公司 一种高效生产高强度铸造铝合金的方法
CN115505693A (zh) * 2022-09-30 2022-12-23 成都银河动力有限公司 一种采用高温箱式淬火炉回火的方法

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1518319A (en) * 1974-09-26 1978-07-19 Metallurg Ct Centre Rech Method of controlling continuous casting of a metal
JPS5246330A (en) * 1975-10-11 1977-04-13 Nippon Steel Corp Method of controlling volume of coolin water of secondary cooling zone in continuous casting
FR2513913A2 (fr) * 1980-03-13 1983-04-08 Fives Cail Babcock Procede de controle du refroidissement du produit coule dans une installation de coulee continue
JPS59114260U (ja) * 1983-01-24 1984-08-02 株式会社神戸製鋼所 連続鋳造設備の二次冷却水制御装置
EP3437756B1 (de) * 2017-08-04 2021-12-22 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Stranggiessen eines metallischen strangs
EP3437759B1 (de) * 2017-08-04 2022-10-12 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Stranggiessen eines metallischen strangs
EP3437757A1 (de) * 2017-08-04 2019-02-06 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Stranggiessen eines metallischen strangs
CN113649539B (zh) * 2020-03-09 2022-08-26 柳州钢铁股份有限公司 连铸二次冷却水喷嘴状态的判断装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3478808A (en) * 1964-10-08 1969-11-18 Bunker Ramo Method of continuously casting steel
US3499456A (en) * 1967-06-05 1970-03-10 Marotta Valve Corp Fluid flow control system

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BE759738A (fr) * 1969-12-03 1971-05-17 Schloemann Ag Procede pour refroidir de la matiere en barre sortant d'une lingotiere a bouts ouverts et dispositif pour l'execution de ce procede

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3478808A (en) * 1964-10-08 1969-11-18 Bunker Ramo Method of continuously casting steel
US3499456A (en) * 1967-06-05 1970-03-10 Marotta Valve Corp Fluid flow control system

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4073335A (en) * 1974-04-01 1978-02-14 Pont-A-Mousson S.A. Cooling device for iron pipe centrifugal casting machine
US4073332A (en) * 1974-09-26 1978-02-14 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Method of controlling continuous casting of a metal
US4169498A (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-10-02 Werner Wilhelm Method for the secondary cooling of a metal strand
US4239000A (en) * 1977-07-05 1980-12-16 Kobe Steel, Limited Selectively blocked matrix-form stencil and method of use
US4463795A (en) * 1980-03-13 1984-08-07 Fives-Cail Babcock Method of cooling a continuous casting
US4483387A (en) * 1981-10-02 1984-11-20 Fives-Cail Babcock Method of controlling cooling of a continuous casting
US4422303A (en) * 1982-06-25 1983-12-27 The Standard Oil Company Process for cooling a continuously moving material to a predetermined temperature
US5085264A (en) * 1989-02-27 1992-02-04 Irsid Process for adjusting the secondary cooling of a machine for continuous casting of metal products
US6354364B1 (en) * 1994-03-30 2002-03-12 Nichols Aluminum-Golden, Inc. Apparatus for cooling and coating a mold in a continuous caster
US6264767B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2001-07-24 Ipsco Enterprises Inc. Method of producing martensite-or bainite-rich steel using steckel mill and controlled cooling
US6557622B2 (en) * 1998-07-10 2003-05-06 Ipsco Enterprises Inc. Differential quench method and apparatus
US6374901B1 (en) * 1998-07-10 2002-04-23 Ipsco Enterprises Inc. Differential quench method and apparatus
US6446703B1 (en) * 1998-09-30 2002-09-10 Nichols Aluminum-Golden, Inc. Method and apparatus for improving the quality of continuously cast metal
US6508298B2 (en) * 2000-01-13 2003-01-21 Sms Demag Ag Method and apparatus for preventing undesirable cooling of the strip edge areas of a cast strand
US20040051545A1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-18 Tilton Charles L. Semiconductor burn-in thermal management system
US6857283B2 (en) * 2002-09-13 2005-02-22 Isothermal Systems Research, Inc. Semiconductor burn-in thermal management system
EP1550523A1 (de) * 2004-01-03 2005-07-06 SMS Demag AG Diversifizierte Regelung der Sekundärkühlung einer Stranggiessanlage
US20070251663A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2007-11-01 William Sheldon Active temperature feedback control of continuous casting
US20080198900A1 (en) * 2007-02-21 2008-08-21 Myhre Douglas C Temperature measurement system
US7549797B2 (en) 2007-02-21 2009-06-23 Rosemount Aerospace Inc. Temperature measurement system
CN101844215B (zh) * 2009-03-27 2013-03-13 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种基于双冷却模式的板坯连铸动态二冷控制方法
CN109014101A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-12-18 铜陵和武机械制造有限责任公司 一种连续铸模铸坯水汽冷却装置及其调节控制系统
CN109014101B (zh) * 2018-05-31 2020-05-05 铜陵和武机械制造有限责任公司 一种连续铸模铸坯水汽冷却装置及其调节控制系统
CN112708789A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-27 包头铝业有限公司 一种高效生产高强度铸造铝合金的方法
CN115505693A (zh) * 2022-09-30 2022-12-23 成都银河动力有限公司 一种采用高温箱式淬火炉回火的方法
CN115505693B (zh) * 2022-09-30 2023-06-06 成都银河动力有限公司 一种采用高温箱式淬火炉回火的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL161384C (nl) 1980-02-15
SE388791B (sv) 1976-10-18
DE2344438A1 (de) 1974-04-11
FR2197676A1 (xx) 1974-03-29
JPS5336419B2 (xx) 1978-10-03
NL7312265A (xx) 1974-03-08
BR7306892D0 (pt) 1974-08-15
ES418646A1 (es) 1976-11-16
JPS4966535A (xx) 1974-06-27
AU466915B2 (en) 1975-11-13
CA1000596A (en) 1976-11-30
GB1448383A (en) 1976-09-08
CH552424A (de) 1974-08-15
FR2197676B1 (xx) 1978-02-17
AT341127B (de) 1978-01-25
NL161384B (nl) 1979-09-17
BE804525A (fr) 1974-03-06
AU6004573A (en) 1975-03-06
IT993888B (it) 1975-09-30
ATA773473A (de) 1977-05-15
DE2344438B1 (de) 1974-07-11
ZA736088B (en) 1974-08-28

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