US3909315A - Method for rapid cooling of high temperature metal pieces - Google Patents

Method for rapid cooling of high temperature metal pieces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3909315A
US3909315A US319710A US31971072A US3909315A US 3909315 A US3909315 A US 3909315A US 319710 A US319710 A US 319710A US 31971072 A US31971072 A US 31971072A US 3909315 A US3909315 A US 3909315A
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United States
Prior art keywords
workpieces
metal pieces
cooling
pieces
adjacent
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US319710A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jinichi Akayama
Masanori Yokozeki
Hideo Otsubo
Sueta Igata
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Publication date
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
    • B21B1/088—H- or I-sections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
    • B21B2001/022—Blooms or billets

Definitions

  • FIG. 3A PRIOR ART PRIOR ART
  • FIG. 3B PRIOR ART US. Patent Sept. 30,1975 Sheet 2 of4 3,909,315
  • the present invention relates to a method of cooling metal pieces of high temperature, and an apparatus therefor. More particularly, theinvention is directed toward a method of rapid cooling of high-temperature long-sized metal pieces having cross-sections such as I-I-shape, square, rectangle and circle, and an apparatus therefor.
  • metal pieces S are arranged in the direction of their widths, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the pieces S and S at both ends of the lot have their ends bend outward because of thermal strain due to the difference in temperature between the surface part of the outward facing side of the lot and the surface part of the side facing the adjacent piece.
  • the number of pieces per lot is limited, because of a variety of materials subject to such cooling and a limited capacity of transportation. This causes the number of lots to increase, hence the greater frequency of distortions, which constitutes a big problem in quality control and operations.
  • coolant tends to stay on the concave h upper part of metal piece H having an H-shaped crosssection and the upper and lower parts of the piece cool at different rates, causing warping and cracking in the piece.
  • Pieces I having an I-shape cross-section are cooled from two directions; upward and downward, which as shown in FIG. 3, results in the cooling exclusively of the flanges f while the web w does not cool completely. This uneven cooling, moreover, causes cracks c.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for cooling, at high speed and efficiency, high-temperature metal pieces without causing warp and cracks.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of a material having a square cross-section which has bent because of the cooling by a conventional method.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective illustration of a material having a sectional form of H-shape which has bent due to cooling by a conventional method.
  • FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are respectively a'perspective illustration and a front view of a material having a cross-sectional form of I-shape in which cracks have been caused due to cooling by a conventional method.
  • FIG. 4 is a sketch showing the arrangement of nozzles for jetting coolant to high-temperature metal pieces according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective illustration of jets of coolant to the upper surface of a material having a crosssectional form of H-shape, according, to the present in vention.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing relations between the volume of coolant and the cooling effect.
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of one embodiment of the cooling apparatus for the practice of the method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a sketch showing such arrangement of nozzles as to jet coolant into the space between hightemperature metal pieces.
  • Metal pieces are arranged at a distance between .two adjacent pieces setat whichever is greater, about mm or one third of the height of such piece.
  • Coolant is jetted in great volume into respective spaces g between adjacent metal pieces S, as shown in FIG. 4, in'order to cool the facing sides of such adjacent pieces, thereby preventing bending of the metal pieces placed at both ends of a lot in'the direction of their widths.
  • These side-jetting nozzles 16 are appropriately selected from a number of nozzles which are provided, the choice of nozzles depending on which are coolant according to the sizes of such metal pieces.
  • nozzles 15 at the upper level shall have inclination a in the long direction of the concave part h of such metal pieces, as shown in FIG. 5, so as'to make the coolant run, thereby preventing the warping of the pieces, and so as not to have scale (oxide film) stay in the concave part h, thereby facilitating the inspection of surface conditions.
  • coolant is supplied in a greater volume than to make the cooling effect curve develop into the saturation zone, the saturation in this case being so specified that any increase of coolant supply-per unit area of metal piece in excess of a certain volume will not increase the cooling speed (C/min.).
  • C/min. Cooling speed
  • the cross-sectional forms of metal pieces cooled according to the present invention may be H-shaped (including beam blanks), square, rectangular and circular; as for pieces having circular form, they can be treated by the method of the present invention, with a diameter of greater than about mm subject to the adjustment of water supply, so far as the distance between adjacent pieces, can be maintained during transportation.
  • the method of the present invention is effective particularly for beam blanks of H-shaped steel pieces, such cooling having been considered difficult to be carried out by conventional methods.
  • Bending of a metal piece may take place, in general, in a range of /1000 X the length of the piece, requiring said distance to be two times as long as the above range, 1/100 X the length of the piece, that is, more than 100 mm for m of the piece.
  • coolant is positively jetted into the spaces between adjacent pieces, in order to have the so produces vapor absorb the radiation heat. That is to say, the metal pieces are surrounded by the vapor, thus being nearly surrounded by a black body, and cooling is made while avoiding heat radiation from the sides, using coolant in sufficient volume for uniform cooling of the facing sides of the metal pieces.
  • the required distance between adjacent pieces varies according to the thickness of vapor film, but it can be narrowed to about 100 mm when coolant is jetted to the sides of metal pieces in the volume specified according to the present invention.
  • the distance is set alternatively at more than the height X 5%.
  • Temperature at the start of cooling More than 800C Uniform cooling is effected, while the metal can be effected together with the top-and-bottomsurface cooling.
  • the side cooling cannot be perfectly effected by only using the topand-bottom-surface-jetting, but also requires the side jetting for perfect cooling. In this case, the following conditions are used:
  • Jetting pressure More than ZKg/cm
  • Jetting directions Upward and downward. Nozzles are used in various directions such as vertical or slant ones for an appropriate combination.
  • Nozzle flow and pitch (in the long direction). Nozzles are distributed so as to make the flow at 0.1 1.0 m"/m min. at a pitch of about 200 mm.
  • the fiow of the nozzle is to 200 l/min.
  • Metal pieces H of about 1,100C which have been transported on a roller table 1, are already grouped into lots, each consisting a predetermined number according to shapes and sizes.
  • a pusher 2 which is placed adjacent to the roller table 1, makes one reciprocation for each of themetal pieces H placed on the roller table 1, the total number of reciprocations corresponding to the predetermined number of the metal pieces H of one lot, so that all the metal pieces H of the lot can be arranged with an appropriate distance between adjacent metal pieces H, at the predetermined position of a fixed skid 3 which extends in a direction perpendicular to the roller table 1.
  • This process can be made to operate automatically by supplying a start signal to the pusher 2 of which the stroke has been set in digital.
  • the transportation of the metal pieces H having the predetermined distance between each two of them is so made that the metal pieces H placed on the fixed skid 3 as members of the lot are pushed up to the elevator 5 of a walking beam (or acending-descending skid) 4, and transported over one stroke of a certain length by a transportation apparatus 6 onto a chain conveyor 7 extending in a direction perpendicular to the transportation direction of the roller table 1.
  • the chain conveyor 7 progresses stepwise each step covering the distance of one stroke into a rapid-cooling apparatus 14, so that the metal pieces H are cooled therein at .such pace.
  • Such successive steps are accurately maintained by controlling the strokes of sprockets 8 and 8'.
  • the metal pieces H stop on a tilting beam 9 to be pushed up by its elevator 10, so as to leave the chain conveyor 7. Then, the metal pieces H are forwarded to a delivery table 13 by the dog 11 of a rope transfer extending from the front end of the conveyor 7 to said table. Said rope transfer is operated by means of a sprocket 12 so as to stop respectively at the inlet of the tilting beam 9 and at that of the dilivery table 13.
  • coolant is continuously supplied in the rapid-cooling apparatus 14 from the upper-andlower-surface-jetting nozzles 15 and 15' and some selected ones of the side jetting nozzles 16; such selection to be made according to the number of metal pieces in the lot.
  • the condition required for jets from the nozzles 16 for enforced side cooling is that some jets of water must be produced at such pressure of more than 3Kg/cm that will be so effective for heat exchange that the so obtained effect exceeds the extent that the effect develops into the saturation.
  • a jets of water at normal pressure cannot break through the vapor film produced on high-temperature metal pieces at the time of its boiling, and only runs on the films, thus failing in heat exchange with the metal pieces.
  • top-and'bottomsurface-jetting nozzles 15' are provided together with side-jetting nozzles 16.
  • the former nozzles jet coolant throughout the operation, while the latter nozzles operate only when a lot of metal pieces passes through them.
  • the stopping positions of metal pieces in the transportation section 1 of the conveyor are determined according to the number of pieces for each lot.
  • Such case is shown in FIG. 8 with modes I to III.
  • For sets of side-jetting nozzles 16 are required for the space g between adjacent metal pieces H in mode I, 3 sets in mode II and 2 sets in mode III. Even if the number of metal pieces in a lot varies, some spaces g between adjacent metal pieces H may overlap and one nozzle may be directed to the so overlapping spaces, so that 6 sets in all are sufficient.
  • the conveyor 7 moves exactly over the predetermined distance 1 and then stops, repeating such step of movement and stoppage. Moreover, a plurality of the side-jetting nozzles 16 are equally arranged along each section of length l closely relating to the stopping position of the conveyor 7. Therefore the metal pieces can be transported while repeating the cooling of the sides of them.
  • the transformation time over the distance 1 is about 10 seconds
  • the stopping duration of the conveyor is about 100 seconds.
  • the topand-bottom surface-jetting nozzles have a inclination of about 20 to so as to have coolant run away.
  • a method for rapidly cooling steel metal workpieces from a high temperature which comprises:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
US319710A 1971-12-29 1972-12-29 Method for rapid cooling of high temperature metal pieces Expired - Lifetime US3909315A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47002929A JPS4872012A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-29 1971-12-29

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US (1) US3909315A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4872012A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU468798B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7209196D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA991063A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2263755A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2169905B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1385050A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT973188B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4282048A (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-08-04 Zentner John W Method for cooling hot-rolled shapes
WO1993010268A1 (en) * 1991-11-20 1993-05-27 Valery Vasilievich Chaschin Device for cooling coils of hot-rolled strip
US5855702A (en) * 1994-01-18 1999-01-05 Aldaichelin Gmbh Method and apparatus for quenching workpieces

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2750085C2 (de) * 1977-11-09 1979-12-13 Siemag Transplan Gmbh, 5902 Netphen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Knüppeln
LU84999A1 (fr) * 1983-09-12 1985-06-04 Arbed Procede et dispositif de refroidissement de produits metalliques lamines

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3533261A (en) * 1967-06-15 1970-10-13 Frans Hollander Method and a device for cooling hot-rolled metal strip on a run-out table after being rolled
US3546911A (en) * 1965-03-29 1970-12-15 Caterpillar Tractor Co Apparatus for quenching steel plate
US3629015A (en) * 1968-03-19 1971-12-21 Nippon Steel Corp Method for cooling thick steel plates

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3546911A (en) * 1965-03-29 1970-12-15 Caterpillar Tractor Co Apparatus for quenching steel plate
US3533261A (en) * 1967-06-15 1970-10-13 Frans Hollander Method and a device for cooling hot-rolled metal strip on a run-out table after being rolled
US3629015A (en) * 1968-03-19 1971-12-21 Nippon Steel Corp Method for cooling thick steel plates

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4282048A (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-08-04 Zentner John W Method for cooling hot-rolled shapes
WO1993010268A1 (en) * 1991-11-20 1993-05-27 Valery Vasilievich Chaschin Device for cooling coils of hot-rolled strip
US5855702A (en) * 1994-01-18 1999-01-05 Aldaichelin Gmbh Method and apparatus for quenching workpieces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2169905A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-14
IT973188B (it) 1974-06-10
GB1385050A (en) 1975-02-26
JPS4872012A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-28
BR7209196D0 (pt) 1973-09-18
AU5062372A (en) 1974-07-04
DE2263755A1 (de) 1973-07-05
AU468798B2 (en) 1974-07-04
FR2169905B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-01-30
CA991063A (en) 1976-06-15

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