US3909254A - Laser recording method - Google Patents

Laser recording method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3909254A
US3909254A US342634A US34263473A US3909254A US 3909254 A US3909254 A US 3909254A US 342634 A US342634 A US 342634A US 34263473 A US34263473 A US 34263473A US 3909254 A US3909254 A US 3909254A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
laser
image
photoconductive
charging
conductivity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US342634A
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English (en)
Inventor
Yasuo Tamai
Masaaki Takimoto
Akira Nahara
Masamichi Sato
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Ltd
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Rank Xerox Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3909254A publication Critical patent/US3909254A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/267—Marking of plastic artifacts, e.g. with laser
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G17/00—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/024—Photoelectret layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/12—Recording members for multicolour processes

Definitions

  • a photoconductive member is charged selectively illuminated and then developed to provide a reproduction of an original.
  • a suitable photoconductor for example selenium, exposed either on a plate or ordinarily as commercially employed on a revolving drum is charged to a voltage of, for example +1000 volts then selectively illuminated by slit-scanning of an original to provide a latent electrostatic image of the original.
  • the latent electrostatic image is then rendered visible by activating a development mechanism for example, a cascade development system, which deposits electroscopic marking material commonly referred to in the art as toner on the latent electrostatic image thereby rendering it visible.
  • Some electrophotographic imaging materials after exposure to actinic radiation retain the conductivity in the light-struck areas for a brief to long periods of time and are referred to in the art as persistent conductivity materials.
  • these materials may be employed as follows: the material is first selectively exposed and then electrostatically charged after a suitable period of time resulting in the formation of a latent electrostatic image after which the image is developed employing conventional techniques.
  • the persistent conductivity effect realized sometimes referred to as fatigue of the photoconductor may endure for a very short to a substantially longer period of time thereby requiring either immediate subsequent charging or allowing storage of the exposed member for substantial periods of time and then charging to obtain the latentelectrostatic image as desired, respectively.
  • Another object-of this invention is to provide an electrophotographic imaging system which employs a laser activating radiation in the exposure step.
  • Yet still another object of this invention is to provide a novel electrophotographic imaging method employing persistent conductivity materials.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a novel laser recording method employing persistent conductivity materials.
  • Yet still another object of this invention is to provide a novel electrophotographic imaging process employing laser beam activating radiation wherein exposure may be achieved in daylight conditions.
  • Yet still another object of this invention is to provide a novel eleetrophotographic imaging system employing laser radiation wherein a two-color image may be obtained.
  • a persistent conductivity material with laser irradiation and then charging and developing the material.
  • a suitable photoconductor such as zinc oxide dispersed in a resin layer is selectively exposed to laser radiation such as a helium neon (He-Ne) laser having suitable intensity of for example 5 lO w/cm
  • He-Ne helium neon
  • the layer is then suitably charged for example with a corona ion charging device, and then conventionally developed employing for example, a cascade development system after which the visible image obtained may be fixed or otherwise employed.
  • the electrophotographic image of the instant inven tion may comprise any suitable photoconductive material possessing persistent conductivity. This material is normally provided in a photoconductive insulating layer over a base which is preferably conductive.
  • the laser activating radiation may be employed in the dark or in daylight as desired, including the presence of artificial light as found in a normal indoor environment.
  • the laser beam is irradiated onto the electrophotographic imaging material surface by employing any suitable technique including scanning the laser beam on the stationary material or by moving the material with respect to a fixed laser beam. After irradiation, the electrophotographic material is uniformly charged resulting in the surface of the member retaining charge in unexposed areas and having no charge in the exposed areas.
  • the surface of the material bearing an electrostatic charge may then be developed employing a suitable toner either having the same polarity or an opposite polarity to that of the latent electrostatic image produced. Where the latent electrostatic image is of the same charge as that possessed by the toner used in development, non-image areas are developed. Where the latent electrostatic image is of opposite charge to that possessed by the toner employed in development, image areas are developed.
  • any suitable inorganic or organic photoconductive material may be employed in the system of the instant invention which possesses persistent conductivity properties.
  • Typical inorganic photoconductive materials include: sulfur, selenium, Zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, zinc cadmium sulfide, zinc magnesium oxide, cadmium selenide, zinc silicate, calcium-strontium sulfide, cadmium sulfide, indium trisulfide, gallium triselenide, arsenic disulfide, arsenic trisulfide, arsenic triselenide, antimony trisulfide, cadmium sulfoselenide and mixtures thereof.
  • Typical organic photoeonductive materials include: triphenylamine; 2,4-bis( 4,4 '-diethylaminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol; N-isopropylcarbazole triphenylpyrrol; 4,5-diphenylimidazolidinone; 4.5-
  • diphenylimidazolidinethione 4,5-bis-(4-aminophenyl)-imidazolidinone; 1,5-dicyanonaphthalenel 1,4- dicyanonaphthalene: aminophthalodinitrile; nitrophthalodinitrile: 1,2,5 ,o-tetraaza-N-isopropylcarbazole triphenylpyrrol; 4,5-diphenylimidazolidinone; 4,5- diphenylimidazolidinethione; 4,5-bis(4-aminophenyl)-imidazolidione; 1,5-dicyanonaphthalene; 1,4- dicyanonaphthalene; aminophthalodinitrile; nitrophthalodinitrilc; l,2,5,o-tetraazacyclocyclooctate-traene- (2,4,6,8 );2-mercapto-benzthiazole; 2-phenyl-4- diphenylidene-oxazolone; 6-hydroxy-2,
  • Typical resins include: thermoplastics including olefin polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polymers derived from dienes such as polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, and polychloroprene; vinyl and vinylidene polymers such as polystyrene, styrene butylmethacrylate compolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers, polymethyl-methacrylate, polyacrylates, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylchloride, polyvinylcarbazolc, polyvinylethers, and polyvinyl ketoncs, fluorocarbon polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride; heterochain thcrmoplastics such as polyamides, polyester, polyurethanes, polypeptide
  • polyvinyl chloride polyvinylidene chloride-polyvinylidene chloride copolymer
  • polyvinyl chloride-polyvinyl acetate copolymer polyvinyl chloride-polyvinyl acetate copolymer
  • chlorinated polypropylene chlorinated rubber
  • copolymers of these with other polymeric materials are preferred.
  • Exposure to the laser activating radiation may be accomplished employing any suitable technique.
  • the laser radiation may be scanned onto the electrophotographic material which is stationary or the electrophotographic material may be moved with respect to a fixed laser beam.
  • Typical methods of charging include: charge deposition resulting from air breakdown in the gap commonly referred to as TESI or charging in vacuo with an electron gun.
  • Typical methods of development include: cascade development, magnetic brush development, powder cloud development and liquid development.
  • Any suitable method of fixing may be employed in the system of the instant invention.
  • Typical methods of fixing include: heat-pressure fusing, radiant fusing, combination radiant, conductive and convection fusing, cold pressure fixing and flash fusing.
  • a two-color image may be obtained in employing the system of the instant invention by employing laser beams of varying intensities. For example, if a high enough intensity of laser irradiation is employed the photoeonductive material is blackened thereby rendering it visible and obviating the necessary development step. In the areas where sufficient laser energy has not impinged upon the photoeonductive surface so as to blacken the surface, these areas are rendered conductive during a subsequent charging and therefore may be developed with a toner material of a color other than black which has a charge the same as the electrostatic latent image obtained after such charging thereby producing a two-color image.
  • Any suitable laser beam in any suitable concentration may be employed to product the novel effects obtained in the system of the instant invention.
  • High laser beam concentrations are required to obtain the effects achieved and preferably high concentrations or at least about lO /cm should be employed.
  • Typical laser media include ruby, He-Ne, Argon ion, He or any other.
  • EXAMPLE I About parts by weight of zinc oxide is combined with about 400 parts by weight of methanol in which is dissolved 0.04 parts of eosine c.l 45380 and 0.06 parts of 3-carboxymethyl-5-[ (ethoxycarbonylmethyl-2- (3H)-thiazolidene) ethylidenel-rhodanine by dispersion with ultrasonic wave mixing. The supernatant liquid is removed after separation employing a centrifugal separator and about 200 parts by weight of N- butylacetate is added to the remainder and dispersed therein. The solution is centrifugally separated again and the slurry of zinc oxide with the absorbed dyes is obtained.
  • styrenemodified alkyd resin about 12.5 parts by weight of styrenemodified alkyd resin, about 7.5 parts of polyisocyanate hardening compound, and N-butylacetate are added to 100 parts by weight of the above zinc oxide mixture the volume percentage of non-volatile matter being controlled to about 25%.
  • This mixture is milled in a ball mill for about 6 hours resulting in a colored suspension.
  • This suspension is coated on aluminum foil to a dry thickness of about 10 microns. After drying this coated layer is placed in an environment having a temperature of 40C for about 16 hours to completely cure the layer.
  • the electrophotographic material thus prepared is irradiated in the dark with an argon ion laser beam having a Wave length of about 5145 A subsequent to dark adaptation.
  • the laser has an output of 0.2 watts and the diameter of the laser beam employed is about 15 microns.
  • the laser beam is emitted from a fixed laser beam generator and the electrophotographic material is placed around a drum which is rotated at a peripheral speed of about 4 meters per second. After irradiation by the laser beam the electrophotographic material is uniformly charged byvaconventional corona charging device to a negative polarity of about volts.
  • the charged electrophotographic material is dipped in a developer solution prepared by suspending phthalocyanine green fine particles in kerosene. Phthalocyanine coloring material is attracted to the area radiated by the laser beam and a visible image is formed. The image thus formed possesses sharp lines of green on a background of magenta.
  • Example II The process as outlined in Example I is again re peated with the exception that phthalocyanine blue is employed as the coloring material which deposits on the background or non-irradiated areas and develops the latent electrostatic image resulting in a sharp clean image.
  • Example Ill The procedure as outlined in Example I is again repeated with the exception that the radiation of the laser beam is conducted at daylight (white light of 350 lux) after which the electrophotographic material is dipped into the kerosene suspension of phthalocyanine green subsequent to charging to the negative polarity resulting in the irradiated area being developed green.
  • Example IV The procedure as outlined in Example I is again repeated with the exception that Brilliant blue F.C.F. (C.I. 42090) is employed as the dye material at 0.03 parts by weight.
  • the electrophotographic material thus provided is exposed to a helium-laser beam having a wave length of 6328 A, with an output of SmW and a beam diameter of 30 microns traveling at a translational speed of 50 centimeters per second across the electrophotographic material.
  • the material is then charged to a negative polarity as in Example I and dipped into a suspension of carbon black and kerosene. A black image is thus formed in the area irradiated by the laser beam.
  • a large amount of lecithin is dissolved in the kerosene as a charge controller, the carbon black being charged to a negative polarity.
  • EXAMPLE V An electrophotographic material is prepared as in Example I and irradiated with a laser beam for 24 hours in the dark. The material is then uniformly charged in the dark and thereafter dipped into a kerosene suspension of phthalocyanine blue. The area irradiated by the laser beam is developed to a light density while the nonirradiatcd area is developed to a lower density.
  • EXAMPLE VI The procedure as outlined in Example V is again performed with the exception that the developing step is effected after charging and exposure to uniform white light resulting in development of only the laser irradiated areas.
  • EXAMPLE VII About 20 parts by weight of vinylchloridevinylacetate copolymer (weight ratio 70:30) and about 60 parts by weight of N-butylacetate are added to 100 parts by weight of zinc oxide and mixed together for about hours in a ball mill resulting in a white suspension. About 0.05 parts by weight of eosine dissolved in about 12 parts by weight of methyl alcohol are added to the suspension and stirred sufficiently to provide a colored suspension. The suspension is then diluted by N-butylacetate and coated on an aluminum foil paper to a dry thickness of about 10 microns.
  • An argon-ion laser having an output of 0.6 watts and a wavelength of 5145 A and a beam diameter of about 50 microns is employed to irradiate this material in the daylight as in Example II at a scanning speed of about 20 cm/sec. thus resulting in the formation of black lines on the surface of the material.
  • the laser beam is then reduced to an output of about 0.2 watts and the scanning speed is increased to about 4 m/sec so that blackening of the surface is eliminated.
  • a green line is formed on the area having been irradiated by the laser beam.
  • a two-color image of black and green is obtained on the electrophotographic material.
  • An electrophotographic imaging process comprising providing a photoconductive material having presistent conductivity properties such that after said material is irradiated with actinic radiation conductivity in the exposed areas temporarily persists, irradiating said material with a laser beam image-wise, uniformly charging said material and developing said material.
  • photoconductive material is selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
  • said photoconductive material comprises a photoconductive material dispersed in a resin said resin being selected from the group consisting of polyvinylchloride, polyvinylidene chloride-polyvinylidene chloride copolymers, polyvinyl chloride polyvinylacetate copolymers, chlorinated polypropylene, and chlorinated rubber.
  • An electrophotographic imaging process comprising providing a photoconductive material having persistent photoconductivity properties such that after said material is exposed to actinic radiation the irradiated areas retain their conductivity, irradiating said material with a laser beam at a sufficient energy level so as to partially blacken the surface of said material imagewise, charging said material uniformly resulting in the formation of a latent electrostatic image on the surface thereof in the unblackened areas and developing said image by applying a non-black toner material having a charge opposite to the charge of said latent electrostatic image.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
US342634A 1970-12-28 1973-03-19 Laser recording method Expired - Lifetime US3909254A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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JP45120326A JPS4843819B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-28 1970-12-28

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2397662A1 (fr) * 1977-07-15 1979-02-09 Xerox Corp Procede et appareil d'impression electrophotographique
US4384033A (en) * 1979-12-18 1983-05-17 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Process of synthesizing and recording images
US4467335A (en) * 1982-05-07 1984-08-21 Data Card Corporation System for forming an image on the surface of a plastic card
US4532197A (en) * 1982-05-18 1985-07-30 Comtech Research Unit Limited Intense pre-illumination electrophotographic process
FR2596324A1 (fr) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-02 Wiggins Teape Group Ltd Papier revetu de microcapsules, porteur d'images
EP0385376A3 (en) * 1989-02-27 1992-05-13 Polychrome Corporation Persistent photoconductive coating composition
US5240800A (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-08-31 Eastman Kodak Company Near-infrared radiation sensitive photoelectrographic master and imaging method
US20130017477A1 (en) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic imaging member and methods for using the same

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2845348A (en) * 1952-01-04 1958-07-29 Kallman Hartmut Electro-photographic means and method
US2976144A (en) * 1958-10-24 1961-03-21 Rca Corp Electrophotography
US2979403A (en) * 1958-10-24 1961-04-11 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3298833A (en) * 1960-12-30 1967-01-17 Gen Electric Method for storing information
US3560205A (en) * 1966-01-20 1971-02-02 Xerox Corp Method of forming a phase modulating hologram on a deformable thermoplastic
US3655257A (en) * 1966-01-20 1972-04-11 Xerox Corp Apparatus for forming a phase hologram on a deformable thermoplastic
US3659936A (en) * 1970-01-07 1972-05-02 Energy Conversion Devices Inc Apparatus for electrostatic printing

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2845348A (en) * 1952-01-04 1958-07-29 Kallman Hartmut Electro-photographic means and method
US2976144A (en) * 1958-10-24 1961-03-21 Rca Corp Electrophotography
US2979403A (en) * 1958-10-24 1961-04-11 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3298833A (en) * 1960-12-30 1967-01-17 Gen Electric Method for storing information
US3560205A (en) * 1966-01-20 1971-02-02 Xerox Corp Method of forming a phase modulating hologram on a deformable thermoplastic
US3655257A (en) * 1966-01-20 1972-04-11 Xerox Corp Apparatus for forming a phase hologram on a deformable thermoplastic
US3659936A (en) * 1970-01-07 1972-05-02 Energy Conversion Devices Inc Apparatus for electrostatic printing

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2397662A1 (fr) * 1977-07-15 1979-02-09 Xerox Corp Procede et appareil d'impression electrophotographique
US4234250A (en) * 1977-07-15 1980-11-18 Xerox Corporation Electrophotographic printing system
US4384033A (en) * 1979-12-18 1983-05-17 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Process of synthesizing and recording images
US4467335A (en) * 1982-05-07 1984-08-21 Data Card Corporation System for forming an image on the surface of a plastic card
US4532197A (en) * 1982-05-18 1985-07-30 Comtech Research Unit Limited Intense pre-illumination electrophotographic process
FR2596324A1 (fr) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-02 Wiggins Teape Group Ltd Papier revetu de microcapsules, porteur d'images
EP0240259A3 (en) * 1986-03-27 1989-04-26 The Wiggins Teape Group Limited Imaged microcapsule-coated paper
BE1001269A3 (fr) * 1986-03-27 1989-09-12 Wiggins Teape Group Ltd Papier revetu de microcapsules, porteur d'images.
EP0385376A3 (en) * 1989-02-27 1992-05-13 Polychrome Corporation Persistent photoconductive coating composition
US5240800A (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-08-31 Eastman Kodak Company Near-infrared radiation sensitive photoelectrographic master and imaging method
US20130017477A1 (en) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic imaging member and methods for using the same
US9002237B2 (en) * 2011-07-13 2015-04-07 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic imaging member and methods for using the same
US20150139695A1 (en) * 2011-07-13 2015-05-21 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic imaging member and methods for using the same
US9400441B2 (en) * 2011-07-13 2016-07-26 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic imaging member and methods for using the same

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Publication number Publication date
JPS4843819B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-20

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