US3804619A - Color electrophotographic imaging process - Google Patents
Color electrophotographic imaging process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3804619A US3804619A US00316144A US31614472A US3804619A US 3804619 A US3804619 A US 3804619A US 00316144 A US00316144 A US 00316144A US 31614472 A US31614472 A US 31614472A US 3804619 A US3804619 A US 3804619A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- color
- magenta
- carrier
- yellow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- TXWSZJSDZKWQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-5,12-dihydroquinolino[2,3-b]acridine-7,14-dione Chemical compound N1C2=CC=C(C)C=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(C(=O)C=1C(=CC=C(C=1)C)N1)C1=C2 TXWSZJSDZKWQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- BLJARPBLWFNUEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-aminophenyl)-6,6-dichlorocyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-amine;3-oxo-n-phenylbutanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1.C1C(Cl)(Cl)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BLJARPBLWFNUEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DYRDKSSFIWVSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetoacetanilide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 DYRDKSSFIWVSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAFBRPFISOTXSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-chloro-4-[3-chloro-4-[[1-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-1,3-dioxobutan-2-yl]diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-n-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(C)C=C(C)C=1NC(=O)C(C(=O)C)N=NC(C(=C1)Cl)=CC=C1C(C=C1Cl)=CC=C1N=NC(C(C)=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C IAFBRPFISOTXSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNCOVOVCHIHPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[4-[4-[(1-anilino-1,3-dioxobutan-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-chlorophenyl]-2-chlorophenyl]diazenyl]-3-oxo-n-phenylbutanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(C(=O)C)N=NC(C(=C1)Cl)=CC=C1C(C=C1Cl)=CC=C1N=NC(C(C)=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 GNCOVOVCHIHPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLAJDFOBMYBISF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-diphenylimidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C1=CC=CC=C1 MLAJDFOBMYBISF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJYSGEJLUSZCTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2-thione Chemical compound N1C(S)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HJYSGEJLUSZCTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLWWHMRHFRTAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2O1 NLWWHMRHFRTAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHECBTWFKAHFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-aminophenyl)-6,6-dichlorocyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-amine Chemical compound C1C(Cl)(Cl)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 LHECBTWFKAHFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQMWENQMKLHQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-propan-2-ylcarbazole;2,3,4-triphenyl-1h-pyrrole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1.C=1NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 WQMWENQMKLHQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRSYZHFYNDZXMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-carbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC(N)=CC=C3NC2=C1 LRSYZHFYNDZXMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical class N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methyl-n-butyl acrylate Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNHVEGMHOXTHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Zn+2] PNHVEGMHOXTHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006215 polyvinyl ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012508 resin bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001959 vinylidene polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQMZPFKLYHOJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;cadmium(2+);disulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Zn+2].[Cd+2] UQMZPFKLYHOJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/107—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having magnetic components
- G03G9/1075—Structural characteristics of the carrier particles, e.g. shape or crystallographic structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1132—Macromolecular components of coatings
- G03G9/1133—Macromolecular components of coatings obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31692—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Definitions
- Color electrophotography with multiple development techniques is capable of producing color reproductions employing multiple sequencing of electrophotographic charging, exposing, and developing steps with color toners.
- a suitable photoconductor such as substantially panchromatic zinc oxide photoconductive paper, electrofax paper, for example, is electrostatically .charged uniformly in the dark then exposed through a green filter to an imagewise projection of a color image to form anelectrostatic latent image on the photoconductor.
- the electrostatic latent image is then developed with the complementary magenta colored toner to form a magenta-colored image corresponding to said electrostatic latent image and transferred in register to an image receiving member.
- a zinc oxide photoconductive paper is then again electrostatically charged uniformly in the dark and then exposed through a red filter to an imagewise projection of a color image in register with said magenta developed image to form a second electrostatic latent image which second image is developed with the complementary cyan-colored toner and likewise transferred in mg ister.
- zinc oxide photoconductive paper is again electrostatically uniformly charged in the dark and then exposed through a blue filter to an imagewise projection of a color image in register with said magenta and cyan-developed images to form a third electrostatic latent image which is then developed with the complementary yellow toner and again transferred in register.
- This conventional electrophotographic process with superimposed development to obtain images of cyan, magenta, and yellow, respectively, is capable of producing multicolor images by employing toners of different colors.
- the sequence of exposures through color filters in this multiple development process may be performed in any suitable sequence other than the green, red, and blue sequence recited above. In any event, after the desired number of exposures and developments and transfers in register, the finished image is itself fused to provide a permanent reproduction of the original.
- Each developer employed comprises ordinarily a toner or a resin colorant mixture in combination with a carrier. It is a function of the toner carrier combination or developer package in a given development system, for example cascade, to assume a triboelectric relationship such that the toner will be carried with the carrier during the development cycle by electrostatic attraction and then selectively deposited charge-wise on the electrostatic latent image which has a greater affinity for the. toner electrostatically than does the carrier particle. In addition to the very significant triboelectric properties that a developer must possess and maintain during the development cycle, the toner must possess the appropriate color and continue to function under machine conditions which expose the developer to impaction and humidity among other undesirable factors.
- Still another object of this invention is to provide a novel magenta developer for use in a color electrophotographic imaging process.
- Yet another object of this invention is to provide a novel color electrophotographic imaging process.
- Yet again another object of this invention is to provide a trichromatic electrophotographic imaging process of the registration type.
- a threedeveloper package including a magenta toner, 2,9- dimethyl substituted quinacridone toner and a nickel berry carrier; a cyan toner, copper tetra-4- (octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine and a methyl terpolymer coated steel short carrier; and a yellow toner, diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidine acetoacetanilide with a methyl terpolymer coated steel shot carrier.
- xerographic imaging processes there are numerous known carrier materials from which to select in providing a developer, i.e., a toner and a carrier combination.
- a toner and a carrier combination there are numerous known carrier materials from which to select in providing a developer, i.e., a toner and a carrier combination.
- color electrophotographic imaging the selection of appropriate carrier material is not just a matter of choice.
- steel shot may be employed with the cyan and yellow toner materials disclosed above; however, steel shot is found to be inoperable with the magenta toner therefore necessitating the discovery of an appropriate carrier, namely nickel berry, to perform this function.
- an appropriate carrier namely nickel berry
- a colorant and resin combination must be selected such that the color, of course, is the appropriate hue, but more significantly that the toner possesses the appropriate triboelectric properties which will enable it to function in an electrophotographic automatic imaging mode. Few, if any, of these toner materials are known other than those disclosed above. It, therefore, becomes even a more demanding and crucial operation .cal resin to develop the appropriate combination of toner and carrier so that they will develop and maintain the appropriate triboelectric relationship further complicated by employing these color developers in combination in an electrophotographic imaging process.
- the carrier employed with both the cyan and yellow toners is a methyl terpolymer coated steel shot.
- the steel shot carrier is about 100 microns in diameter as compared to .the cyan and yellow toner particle sizes which are about 16 microns.
- the magenta toner is combined with a nickel berry carrier having a size of about 100 microns as compared to the magenta toner which has a size of about 16 microns.
- the developer package thus provided is usually disposed in three separate developer housings in an automatic color electrophotographic imaging machine.
- a photoconductive member is then charged, selectively exposed to the light of one of the primary colors and then developed with the developer, i.e., the complement to that primary color.
- the image thus formed is then transferred to an image receiving member.
- the process is again repeated to provide images employing the other two primary colors, developing in each case with the complement of the respective primary colors, and then transferring both images in registration to the image receiving member after which the final image is fixed normally by fus-
- the cyan, yellow, and magenta colorants may be combined with any suitable electrophotographic resin.
- the selected colorant may be combined with any typiincluding: thermoplastics including olefin polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polymers derived from dienes such as polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, and polychloroprene; vinyl and vinylidene polymers such as polystyrene, styrene butylmethacrylate copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene terpolymers, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylchloride, polyvinylcarbazole, polyvinylethers, and polyvinyl ketones, fluorocarbon polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride; heterochain thermoplastics such as polyamides, polyester, polyurethanes, polypeptides, casein, polyglycols, polysulfides, and poly
- Typical inorganic photoconductor materials are: sulfur, selenium, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, zinc cadmium sulfide, zinc magnesium oxide, cadmium selenide, zinc sil-
- Typical organic photoconductors are: triphenylamine; 2,4-bis(4,4-diethyl-aminophenyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol; N- isopropylcarbazole triphenylpyrrol; 4,5-diphenylimidazolidinone; 4,5-diphenyl-imidazolidinethione; 4,-
- diphenylimidazolidinethione 4-5-bis-(4-aminophenyl)-imidazolidione; 1,5-dicyanonaphthalene; 1,4- dicyanonaphthalene; aminophthalodinitrile; nitrophthalodinitrile; 1,2,5 ,6-tetraazacyclooctatetraene- (2,4,6,8); Z-mercapto-benzthiazole; 2-phenyl-4- diphenylidene-oxazolone; 6-hydroxy-2,3-di(pmethoxy-phenyl)-benzofurane; 4-dimethyl-amino benzylidene-benzhydrazide; 3-benzylidene-aminocarbazole; polyvinyl carbazole; (2-nitro-benzylidene)- p-bromo-aniline; 2,3-diphenyl quinazoline; 1,2,4-
- Typical charging methods include corona, charge deposition resulting from air breakdown in the gap commonly referred to as TESl or charging in vacuo with an electron gun.
- Any suitable method of exposure may be employed in the system of the instant invention.
- Typical methods of exposure include: reflex, contact, holographic techniques, non-lens slit scanning systems, and optical projection systems involving lens imaging of opaguereflection subjects as well as transparent film originals.
- Typical development systems include: cascade development, magnetic brush development, powder cloud development, and liquid development.
- Any suitable method of fixing may be employed in the process of the instant invention.
- Typical methods of fixing include: heat-pressure fusing, radiant fusing, combination radiant, conductive and convection fusing, cold pressure fixing, flash fusing, solvent fusing, and combination heat, pressure solvent fusing.
- the developer compositions of the present invention may be prepared by any well-known developer mixing combination technique. Generally speaking, satisfactory results are obtained when about one part toner is used with about 10 to 200 parts by weight of carrier prepared by blending and milling the components and thereafter micropulverizing the resulting mixture.
- the toner particles may be formed by spray drying, suspension polymerization, hot melt atomizing, or precipitation of a solution of the toner composition.
- the toner mixture of this invention is employed in the cascade development process, the toner should have an average particle diameter of less than about 30 microns and preferably between about 5 and about 20 microns for optimum results. For use in powder cloud development methods, particle diameters of slightly less than about 5 microns are preferred.
- the cyan and yellow toners must be combined with methyl terpolymer coated steel bead carriers while the magenta toner must be combined with the nickel berry carrier in order to provide the highly effective color imaging system of the present invention.
- Cyan, magenta, and yellow toners are prepared which are respectively designated as copper tetra-4- (octadecylsulfonamido)phthalocyanine pigment available from GAF Corporation under the designation of Heliogen Blue OS, a 2,9-dimethylquinacridone pigment identified in the Colour Index as Pigment Red 122 available from American Hoechst Corporation under the designation Hostaperm Pink E, and 3,3- dichlorobenzidine aceto-acetanilide pigment identified in the Colour Index as Pigment Yellow 12 available from Hercules, Inc., under the designation Amazon Yellow X-2485.
- Each colorant is dispersed in a 65/35 styrene to n-butylmethacrylate copolymer. Five parts of each colorant are placed in 95 parts of beads of the toner copolymer resin together to form a homogenous mixture.
- the pigments employed have a particle size essentially less than one micron with occasional agglomerates up to about five microns.
- the mixture is then fed into a twinscrew extruder operating at a temperature of about 150C.
- the extruder softens the copolymer resin, disperses the pigment throughout the molten resin, and extrudes the mixture as a strand of, about /4, inch in diameter;
- the strand is cooled by immersion in a cold water bath and cut to about /4 inch length pellets.
- the pellets are continuously ground in a controlled pressurized air-jet mill to yield toner particles of about 16 microns in size.
- the cyan and yellow toners produced as above are combined with a steel carrier particle coated with a terpolymer material prepared as disclosed in Example XIII of US. Pat. No. 3,526,533.
- the steel carrier has a particle diameter of about 100 microns.
- the cyan toner is blended with the carrier to yield a developer containing about 2 percent toner concentration by weight.
- the yellow toner is blended with the carrier to yield a developer containing about 3 percent toner by weight.
- l H v The magenta toner 1 is blended with an uncoated nickel berry carrier bead to yield a developer containing about 4 percent toner concentration by weight.
- the nickel berry carrier bead employed has a spheroidal shape with a rough pebbly surface and a particle size of about 100 microns and is available from the British Metal Corporation (Canada) Ltd. under the designation Sherritt Nickel Powder, C-Grade. Both the steel andnickel berry carriers employed are magnetic.
- the developers thus produced are disposed in magnetic brush developerhousings which are positioned around a selenium photoconductor.
- the photoreceptor is charged to a positive potential of +1000 volts and exposed to a colorimage through a blue filter.
- the latent electrostatic chargeremaining on the photoreceptor is developed with the yellow developer by engaging the developer housing into development configuration with the photoreceptor.
- the image on the photoreceptor is transferred to a receiver sheet in register.
- the photoreceptor is cleaned of the residual yellow toner and the cycle above is repeated by exposing through a green filter and developing the resulting electrostatic latent image with a magenta developer.
- EXAMPLE n1 The xerographic three-color print process employing the developer s. enumerated in Example I is again repeated with the exception that the magenta developer is replaced by one having 3 percent by weight of magenta toner in combination with a steel carrier coated with the terpolymer composition used for cyan and yel-, low developers. Three-color prints produced are unacceptable .from the initial start-up due to excessive magenta toner deposits on the print and by the 200th copy image reversal occurs. The individual cyan and yellow single-color prints show magenta contamination and are also unacceptable.
- EXAMPLE IV The xerographic three-color print process employing the, developers enumerated in Example I is repeated withtlie exception that the cyan and yellow toners are combined with the uncoated nickel carrier used for the magenta developer of Example I.
- Excellent three-color prints are produced through the initial 500 copies after which the print quality deteriorates because of cyan I and yellow carrier bead adhesion to the photoreceptor surface. This results in deletion of solid area toner coverage, poor line definition, inefficient cleaning, and difficultyin maintaining image density as well as damage to the photoreceptor surface.
- Carrier bead adhesion is attributed tothe high'triboelectric charge of the cyan and yellow toners with-the nickel berry carrier.
- the magenta developer is found to produce single-color copies of good quality. 9
- EXAMPLE V The xerographic three-color print process employing the developers of Example I is again repeated with the exception that the cyan and yellow developers are combined with the uncoated. steel carrier. It is found that good three-color prints are produced through the initial 250 copies after which cyanand yellow print quality deteriorates rapidly and image reversal occurs by the 300th print. As a result, it is found that although the magenta developer continues to produce good single color-print quality, the three-color prints are unacceptable.
- a color electrophotographic imaging process comprising charging a photoconductive member, exposing said photoconductive member to an original to be reproduced through a filter of one color thereby selectively discharging said photoconductive member, developing the electrostatic image formed thereby with a developer of a complementary color, said developer being one member of the group consisting of copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine cyan toner and a methyl terpolymer coated steel carrier, 2,9-dimethyl-quinacridone magenta toner and a nickel berry carrier, and 3,3-dichlorobenzidine acetoacetanilide yellow toner and a methyl terpolymer coated steel carrier; charging said photoconductor for a second time and selectively exposing said photoconductor to the same image through a filter of another primary color, developing the latent electrostatic image formed thereby with a developer of a complementary color,
- said developer being another member selected from the group consisting of copper tetra-4- (octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine cyan toner and a methyl terpolymer coated steel carrier, 2,9-dimethyl-quinacridone magenta toner and a nickel berry carrier, and 3,3-dichlorobenzidine acetoacetanilide yellow toner and a methyl terpolymer coated steel carrier; charging said photoconductive member for a third time, exposing said photoconductor to the same image through a filter of the remaining primary color and developing the latent electrostatic image with a complementary developer, said developer being the remaining developer of the group consisting of copper tetra-4-(octadeeylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine cyan toner and a methyl terpolymer coated steel carrier, 2,9-dimethyl-quinacridone magenta toner and a nickel berry carrier, and 3,3-dichloro
Abstract
A color electrophotographic imaging process is disclosed employing uniquely distinct developer materials. Specific cyan, yellow, and magenta developers which uniquely cooperate to form true color images in an electrophotographic process are described. The electrophotographic processes employing these developers are also disclosed.
Description
United States Patent [191 Mammino et al.
[ COLOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGING PROCESS [75] Inventors: Joseph Mammino, Penfield;
' Franklin Jossel; James M. Kobey, both of Rochester; John P. Serio, Webster; Warren E. Solodar, Rochester; Alan H. Walker, Ontario, all of NY.
[73] Assignee: Xerox Corporation, Stamford,
Conn.
[22] Filed: Dec. 18, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 316,144
[52] [1.8. CI. 96/1-2, ll7/l7.5, 252/62.l P [51] Int. Cl G03g 13/08 [58] Field of Search 96/].2, 1 SD; 117/17.5;
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2.618.551 11/1952 Walkup 252/62.l P
[ Apr. 16,1974
2,638,416 5/1953 Walkup et a1 252/62.l P 2,979,403 4/1961 Giamio 252/62.1 P 3,526,533 9/1970 Jacknow et a1... 252/62.1 P 3,627,522 12/1971 Jacknow et al 252/62,] P 3,752,666 8/1973 Hagenbach et al. 96/1 SD Primary Examiner-J. Travis Brown Assistant Examiner-John R. Miller 5 7] ABSTRACT 7 Claims, No Drawings COLOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGING PROCESS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to color electrophotography and more specifically concerns specific developers employed in a color electrophotographic process.
Color electrophotography with multiple development techniques is capable of producing color reproductions employing multiple sequencing of electrophotographic charging, exposing, and developing steps with color toners. A suitable photoconductor such as substantially panchromatic zinc oxide photoconductive paper, electrofax paper, for example, is electrostatically .charged uniformly in the dark then exposed through a green filter to an imagewise projection of a color image to form anelectrostatic latent image on the photoconductor. The electrostatic latent image is then developed with the complementary magenta colored toner to form a magenta-colored image corresponding to said electrostatic latent image and transferred in register to an image receiving member. A zinc oxide photoconductive paper is then again electrostatically charged uniformly in the dark and then exposed through a red filter to an imagewise projection of a color image in register with said magenta developed image to form a second electrostatic latent image which second image is developed with the complementary cyan-colored toner and likewise transferred in mg ister. Similarly, zinc oxide photoconductive paper is again electrostatically uniformly charged in the dark and then exposed through a blue filter to an imagewise projection of a color image in register with said magenta and cyan-developed images to form a third electrostatic latent image which is then developed with the complementary yellow toner and again transferred in register.
This conventional electrophotographic process with superimposed development to obtain images of cyan, magenta, and yellow, respectively, is capable of producing multicolor images by employing toners of different colors. The sequence of exposures through color filters in this multiple development process may be performed in any suitable sequence other than the green, red, and blue sequence recited above. In any event, after the desired number of exposures and developments and transfers in register, the finished image is itself fused to provide a permanent reproduction of the original.
Each developer employed comprises ordinarily a toner or a resin colorant mixture in combination with a carrier. It is a function of the toner carrier combination or developer package in a given development system, for example cascade, to assume a triboelectric relationship such that the toner will be carried with the carrier during the development cycle by electrostatic attraction and then selectively deposited charge-wise on the electrostatic latent image which has a greater affinity for the. toner electrostatically than does the carrier particle. In addition to the very significant triboelectric properties that a developer must possess and maintain during the development cycle, the toner must possess the appropriate color and continue to function under machine conditions which expose the developer to impaction and humidity among other undesirable factors. It is, therefore, critical that a specific toner which comprises a colorant and a resin be combined with a specific carrier of the appropriate size relation to the toner particle so that the appropriate color is exhibited and the appropriate triboelectric relationship is maintained to achieve successful development. Under continuous electrophotographic imaging, it has been found that with regard to one developer package great difficulty is realized in maintaining the proper triboelectric relationship so that proper development is achieved. With the advent of a three-color system, the complexities of producing suitable cyan, magenta, and yellow developers which will cooperate in a color elec trophotographic continuous imaging process, as above described, are further exaggerated. It is apparent that any one of a number of variables in any one of the developers could cause incomplete, improper, or inadequate developments so that the color balance is thereby shifted resulting in a completely unacceptable color print.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide an electrophotographic color system devoid of the above noted deficiencies.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a unique combination of developer materials which surprisingly produce sharp true reproductions in the color electrophotographic imaging process.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a novel magenta developer for use in a color electrophotographic imaging process.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a novel color electrophotographic imaging process.
Yet again another object of this invention is to provide a trichromatic electrophotographic imaging process of the registration type.
These and other objects of the instant invention are obtained generally speaking by providing a threedeveloper package including a magenta toner, 2,9- dimethyl substituted quinacridone toner and a nickel berry carrier; a cyan toner, copper tetra-4- (octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine and a methyl terpolymer coated steel short carrier; and a yellow toner, diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidine acetoacetanilide with a methyl terpolymer coated steel shot carrier.
In conventional electrophotographic imaging processes, commonly referred to as xerographic imaging processes or xerography, there are numerous known carrier materials from which to select in providing a developer, i.e., a toner and a carrier combination. However, in color electrophotographic imaging the selection of appropriate carrier material is not just a matter of choice. For example, steel shot may be employed with the cyan and yellow toner materials disclosed above; however, steel shot is found to be inoperable with the magenta toner therefore necessitating the discovery of an appropriate carrier, namely nickel berry, to perform this function. Further, the selection of a toner material of the appropriate color and triboelectric properties is in itself far more than a matter of choice. A colorant and resin combination must be selected such that the color, of course, is the appropriate hue, but more significantly that the toner possesses the appropriate triboelectric properties which will enable it to function in an electrophotographic automatic imaging mode. Few, if any, of these toner materials are known other than those disclosed above. It, therefore, becomes even a more demanding and crucial operation .cal resin to develop the appropriate combination of toner and carrier so that they will develop and maintain the appropriate triboelectric relationship further complicated by employing these color developers in combination in an electrophotographic imaging process.
The above mentioned developers perform surprisingly well in combination yielding color-xerographic prints of originals in an automatic imaging mode which are clear and true. When employed in an electrophotographic imaging mode, these three developers, or the developer package as it is termed, proves to have a highly acceptable performance life in an automatic electrophotographic imaging apparatus. There is no degradation of the triboelectric properties of the developers nor unacceptable imaging due to impaction and other problems associated with prior art developers.
The carrier employed with both the cyan and yellow toners is a methyl terpolymer coated steel shot. The steel shot carrier is about 100 microns in diameter as compared to .the cyan and yellow toner particle sizes which are about 16 microns. The magenta toner, onthe other hand, is combined with a nickel berry carrier having a size of about 100 microns as compared to the magenta toner which has a size of about 16 microns.
The developer package thus provided is usually disposed in three separate developer housings in an automatic color electrophotographic imaging machine. A photoconductive member is then charged, selectively exposed to the light of one of the primary colors and then developed with the developer, i.e., the complement to that primary color. The image thus formed is then transferred to an image receiving member. In two successive operations the process is again repeated to provide images employing the other two primary colors, developing in each case with the complement of the respective primary colors, and then transferring both images in registration to the image receiving member after which the final image is fixed normally by fus- The cyan, yellow, and magenta colorants may be combined with any suitable electrophotographic resin. The selected colorant may be combined with any typiincluding: thermoplastics including olefin polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polymers derived from dienes such as polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, and polychloroprene; vinyl and vinylidene polymers such as polystyrene, styrene butylmethacrylate copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene terpolymers, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylchloride, polyvinylcarbazole, polyvinylethers, and polyvinyl ketones, fluorocarbon polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride; heterochain thermoplastics such as polyamides, polyester, polyurethanes, polypeptides, casein, polyglycols, polysulfides, and polycarbonates; and cellulosic copolymers such as regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate.
Any suitable inorganic or organic photoconductor may be used in the process of the present invention. Typical inorganic photoconductor materials are: sulfur, selenium, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, zinc cadmium sulfide, zinc magnesium oxide, cadmium selenide, zinc sil- Typical organic photoconductors are: triphenylamine; 2,4-bis(4,4-diethyl-aminophenyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol; N- isopropylcarbazole triphenylpyrrol; 4,5-diphenylimidazolidinone; 4,5-diphenyl-imidazolidinethione; 4,-
5-bis-(4-amino-phenyl)-imidazolidinone; 1,5- dicyanonaphthalenel 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene; aminophthalodinitrile; nitrophthalodinitrile; l,2,5,6- tetraaza-N-isopropylcarbazole triphenylpyrrol; 4,5- diphenylimidazolidinone; 4,5-
diphenylimidazolidinethione; 4-5-bis-(4-aminophenyl)-imidazolidione; 1,5-dicyanonaphthalene; 1,4- dicyanonaphthalene; aminophthalodinitrile; nitrophthalodinitrile; 1,2,5 ,6-tetraazacyclooctatetraene- (2,4,6,8); Z-mercapto-benzthiazole; 2-phenyl-4- diphenylidene-oxazolone; 6-hydroxy-2,3-di(pmethoxy-phenyl)-benzofurane; 4-dimethyl-amino benzylidene-benzhydrazide; 3-benzylidene-aminocarbazole; polyvinyl carbazole; (2-nitro-benzylidene)- p-bromo-aniline; 2,3-diphenyl quinazoline; 1,2,4-
triazine; l,5-diphenyl-3-methyl-pyrazoline; 2-(4 dimethyl-aminophenyl)-benzoxazole; 3-aminocarbazole; phthalocyanines; trinitrofluorononepolyvinylcarbazole; charge transfer complexes and mixtures thereof.
Any suitable method of charging may be employed in the system of the instant invention. Typical charging methods include corona, charge deposition resulting from air breakdown in the gap commonly referred to as TESl or charging in vacuo with an electron gun.
Any suitable method of exposure may be employed in the system of the instant invention. Typical methods of exposure include: reflex, contact, holographic techniques, non-lens slit scanning systems, and optical projection systems involving lens imaging of opaguereflection subjects as well as transparent film originals.
Any suitable method of development may be employed in the system of the instant invention. Typical development systems include: cascade development, magnetic brush development, powder cloud development, and liquid development.
Any suitable method of fixing may be employed in the process of the instant invention. Typical methods of fixing include: heat-pressure fusing, radiant fusing, combination radiant, conductive and convection fusing, cold pressure fixing, flash fusing, solvent fusing, and combination heat, pressure solvent fusing.
The developer compositions of the present invention may be prepared by any well-known developer mixing combination technique. Generally speaking, satisfactory results are obtained when about one part toner is used with about 10 to 200 parts by weight of carrier prepared by blending and milling the components and thereafter micropulverizing the resulting mixture. Alternatively, the toner particles may be formed by spray drying, suspension polymerization, hot melt atomizing, or precipitation of a solution of the toner composition. When the toner mixture of this invention is employed in the cascade development process, the toner should have an average particle diameter of less than about 30 microns and preferably between about 5 and about 20 microns for optimum results. For use in powder cloud development methods, particle diameters of slightly less than about 5 microns are preferred.
As previously stated, the cyan and yellow toners must be combined with methyl terpolymer coated steel bead carriers while the magenta toner must be combined with the nickel berry carrier in order to provide the highly effective color imaging system of the present invention.
EXAMPLE I Cyan, magenta, and yellow toners are prepared which are respectively designated as copper tetra-4- (octadecylsulfonamido)phthalocyanine pigment available from GAF Corporation under the designation of Heliogen Blue OS, a 2,9-dimethylquinacridone pigment identified in the Colour Index as Pigment Red 122 available from American Hoechst Corporation under the designation Hostaperm Pink E, and 3,3- dichlorobenzidine aceto-acetanilide pigment identified in the Colour Index as Pigment Yellow 12 available from Hercules, Inc., under the designation Amazon Yellow X-2485. Each colorant is dispersed in a 65/35 styrene to n-butylmethacrylate copolymer. Five parts of each colorant are placed in 95 parts of beads of the toner copolymer resin together to form a homogenous mixture. The pigments employed have a particle size essentially less than one micron with occasional agglomerates up to about five microns. The toner copolymeric resin beads that are employed'are about 1/16 inch in diameter. The mixture is then fed into a twinscrew extruder operating at a temperature of about 150C. The extruder softens the copolymer resin, disperses the pigment throughout the molten resin, and extrudes the mixture as a strand of, about /4, inch in diameter; The strand is cooled by immersion in a cold water bath and cut to about /4 inch length pellets. The pellets are continuously ground in a controlled pressurized air-jet mill to yield toner particles of about 16 microns in size. The cyan and yellow toners produced as above are combined with a steel carrier particle coated with a terpolymer material prepared as disclosed in Example XIII of US. Pat. No. 3,526,533. The steel carrier has a particle diameter of about 100 microns. The cyan toner is blended with the carrier to yield a developer containing about 2 percent toner concentration by weight. The yellow toner is blended with the carrier to yield a developer containing about 3 percent toner by weight. l H v The magenta toner 1 is blended with an uncoated nickel berry carrier bead to yield a developer containing about 4 percent toner concentration by weight. The nickel berry carrier bead employed has a spheroidal shape with a rough pebbly surface and a particle size of about 100 microns and is available from the British Metal Corporation (Canada) Ltd. under the designation Sherritt Nickel Powder, C-Grade. Both the steel andnickel berry carriers employed are magnetic. The developers thus produced are disposed in magnetic brush developerhousings which are positioned around a selenium photoconductor. The photoreceptor is charged to a positive potential of +1000 volts and exposed to a colorimage through a blue filter. The latent electrostatic chargeremaining on the photoreceptor is developed with the yellow developer by engaging the developer housing into development configuration with the photoreceptor. The image on the photoreceptor is transferred to a receiver sheet in register. The photoreceptor is cleaned of the residual yellow toner and the cycle above is repeated by exposing through a green filter and developing the resulting electrostatic latent image with a magenta developer. This image is then transferred in register to the same receiver sheet con- EXAMPLE II The developers in the xerographic three-color print process procedure described in Example I are again repeated with the exception that the magenta developer is substituted for one that is 3 percent by weight of magenta toner blended with a nickel carrier coated with a terpolymer composition of Example XIII of US. Pat.
No. 3,526,533. Excellent three-color prints are produced through the initial 100 copies afterwhich the magenta print quality deteriorates rapidly due to the excessive toner background deposits and eventual image reversal occurs by the 500th print. The cyan and yellow developers continue tojproduce good singlecolor print quality although the three-color prints are unacceptable. l l
EXAMPLE n1 The xerographic three-color print process employing the developer s. enumerated in Example I is again repeated with the exception that the magenta developer is replaced by one having 3 percent by weight of magenta toner in combination with a steel carrier coated with the terpolymer composition used for cyan and yel-, low developers. Three-color prints produced are unacceptable .from the initial start-up due to excessive magenta toner deposits on the print and by the 200th copy image reversal occurs. The individual cyan and yellow single-color prints show magenta contamination and are also unacceptable.
EXAMPLE IV The xerographic three-color print process employing the, developers enumerated in Example I is repeated withtlie exception that the cyan and yellow toners are combined with the uncoated nickel carrier used for the magenta developer of Example I. Excellent three-color prints are produced through the initial 500 copies after which the print quality deteriorates because of cyan I and yellow carrier bead adhesion to the photoreceptor surface. This results in deletion of solid area toner coverage, poor line definition, inefficient cleaning, and difficultyin maintaining image density as well as damage to the photoreceptor surface. Carrier bead adhesion is attributed tothe high'triboelectric charge of the cyan and yellow toners with-the nickel berry carrier. The magenta developer is found to produce single-color copies of good quality. 9
EXAMPLE V The xerographic three-color print process employing the developers of Example I is again repeated with the exception that the cyan and yellow developers are combined with the uncoated. steel carrier. It is found that good three-color prints are produced through the initial 250 copies after which cyanand yellow print quality deteriorates rapidly and image reversal occurs by the 300th print. As a result, it is found that although the magenta developer continues to produce good single color-print quality, the three-color prints are unacceptable.
Although the present examples were specific in terms of conditions and materials used, any of the above listed typical materials may be substituted when suitable in the above examples with similar results. In addition to the steps used to carry out the process of the present invention, other steps or modifications may be used if desirable. in addition, other materials may be incorporated in the system of the present invention which will enhance, synergize, or otherwise desirably affect the properties of the systems for their present use.
Anyone skilled in the art will have other modifications occur to him based on the teachings of the present invention. These modifications are intended to be encompassed within the scope of this invention.
What is claimed is:
l. A color electrophotographic imaging process comprising charging a photoconductive member, exposing said photoconductive member to an original to be reproduced through a filter of one color thereby selectively discharging said photoconductive member, developing the electrostatic image formed thereby with a developer of a complementary color, said developer being one member of the group consisting of copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine cyan toner and a methyl terpolymer coated steel carrier, 2,9-dimethyl-quinacridone magenta toner and a nickel berry carrier, and 3,3-dichlorobenzidine acetoacetanilide yellow toner and a methyl terpolymer coated steel carrier; charging said photoconductor for a second time and selectively exposing said photoconductor to the same image through a filter of another primary color, developing the latent electrostatic image formed thereby with a developer of a complementary color,
said developer being another member selected from the group consisting of copper tetra-4- (octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine cyan toner and a methyl terpolymer coated steel carrier, 2,9-dimethyl-quinacridone magenta toner and a nickel berry carrier, and 3,3-dichlorobenzidine acetoacetanilide yellow toner and a methyl terpolymer coated steel carrier; charging said photoconductive member for a third time, exposing said photoconductor to the same image through a filter of the remaining primary color and developing the latent electrostatic image with a complementary developer, said developer being the remaining developer of the group consisting of copper tetra-4-(octadeeylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine cyan toner and a methyl terpolymer coated steel carrier, 2,9-dimethyl-quinacridone magenta toner and a nickel berry carrier, and 3,3-dichlorobenzidinc acetoacetanilide yellow toner with a methyl terpolymer coated steel carrier.
2. The process as defined in claim 2 wherein said cyan toner is applied first, said magenta toner is applied second, and said yellow toner is applied third.
3. The process as defined in claim 2 wherein said magenta toner is applied first, said yellow toner is applied second, and said cyan toner is applied third.
4. The process as defined in claim 2 wherein said yellow toner is applied first, said cyan toner is applied second, and said magenta toner is applied third.
5. The process as defined in claim 3 wherein the order of said magenta and yellow toner application is reversed.
6. The process as defined in claim 4 wherein the order of application of the yellow and cyan toners is reversed.
7. The process as defined in claim 5 wherein the order of application of the cyan and magenta toners is reversed.
Claims (6)
- 2. The process as defined in claim 2 wherein said cyan toner is applied first, said magenta toner is applied second, and said yellow toner is applied third.
- 3. The process as defined in claim 2 wherein said magenta toner is applied first, said yellow toner is applied second, and said cyan toner is applied third.
- 4. The process as defined in claim 2 wherein said yellow toner is applied first, said cyan toner is applied second, and said magenta toner is applied third.
- 5. The process as defined in claim 3 wherein the order of said magenta and yellow toner application is reversed.
- 6. The process as defined in claim 4 wherein the order of application of the yellow and cyan toners is reversed.
- 7. The process as defined in claim 5 wherein the order of application of the cyan and magenta toners is reversed.
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00316144A US3804619A (en) | 1972-12-18 | 1972-12-18 | Color electrophotographic imaging process |
CA186,415A CA1005678A (en) | 1972-12-18 | 1973-11-21 | Color electrophotographic imaging |
GB5804973A GB1435218A (en) | 1972-12-18 | 1973-12-14 | Colour electrophotographic imaging |
DE2362667A DE2362667A1 (en) | 1972-12-18 | 1973-12-17 | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC COLOR IMAGING PROCESS |
NL7317284A NL7317284A (en) | 1972-12-18 | 1973-12-17 | |
FR7345057A FR2210782B1 (en) | 1972-12-18 | 1973-12-17 | |
JP14177273A JPS5330496B2 (en) | 1972-12-18 | 1973-12-18 | |
BR9898/73A BR7309898D0 (en) | 1972-12-18 | 1973-12-18 | PROCESS TO FORM COLORED ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00316144A US3804619A (en) | 1972-12-18 | 1972-12-18 | Color electrophotographic imaging process |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3804619A true US3804619A (en) | 1974-04-16 |
Family
ID=23227668
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US00316144A Expired - Lifetime US3804619A (en) | 1972-12-18 | 1972-12-18 | Color electrophotographic imaging process |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US3804619A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5330496B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7309898D0 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1005678A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2362667A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2210782B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1435218A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7317284A (en) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3909259A (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1975-09-30 | Xerox Corp | Color electrophotographic imaging process utilizing specific carrier-toner combinations |
DE2640192A1 (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1977-04-07 | Xerox Corp | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC COLOR RECORDING PROCESS AND SUPPORT FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS |
US4057426A (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1977-11-08 | Xerox Corporation | Magenta toner with a coated carrier |
US4058397A (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1977-11-15 | Xerox Corporation | Yellow developer employing a coated carrier |
US4073965A (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1978-02-14 | Xerox Corporation | Yellow developer employing a coated carrier and imaging process using same |
US4312932A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1982-01-26 | Xerox Corporation | Toners, developers for use in a single pass color image development |
US4324851A (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1982-04-13 | Xerox Corporation | Positive color toners |
US4777105A (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1988-10-11 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Magenta colorant for electrophotographic recording processes |
DE3937203A1 (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1991-05-16 | Siemens Ag | Electrophotographic laser printing process - using colourless toner with glass transition temp. below 100 deg. C |
US5137576A (en) * | 1988-10-01 | 1992-08-11 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Quinacridones having selectively adjusted triboelectric effects |
US5342720A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-08-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Color proofing element and process for making the same |
US20030148202A1 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2003-08-07 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Toner for developing electrostatic image, developer for electrostatic image, and process for forming image |
US20080131806A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic latent image developing toner, method of producing same, and electrostatic latent image developer using same |
US20100248112A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Two-component developer, developer cartridge, process cartridge and image formation apparatus |
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US4035310A (en) * | 1975-07-28 | 1977-07-12 | Xerox Corporation | Yellow developer |
JPS5624359A (en) * | 1979-08-02 | 1981-03-07 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Dry type binary developer for two-color electrophotography |
JPS6388571A (en) * | 1986-10-02 | 1988-04-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Color electrophotographic method |
JP3141783B2 (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 2001-03-05 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Manufacturing method of electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developer, and image forming method |
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JP5807438B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2015-11-10 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Two-component developer carrier, two-component developer, image forming method, and image forming apparatus |
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CA939955A (en) * | 1969-06-19 | 1974-01-15 | Robert J. Hagenbach | Magnetic developer material |
BE759453A (en) * | 1969-11-28 | 1971-05-26 | Rank Xerox Ltd | POLYCHROME ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS |
BE786281A (en) * | 1971-07-16 | 1973-01-15 | Xerox Corp | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF TETRA (ALKYLSULFONAMIDO) COPPER PHTHALOCYANIN AND NEW PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED |
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- 1972-12-18 US US00316144A patent/US3804619A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1973-11-21 CA CA186,415A patent/CA1005678A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-12-14 GB GB5804973A patent/GB1435218A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-12-17 FR FR7345057A patent/FR2210782B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-12-17 DE DE2362667A patent/DE2362667A1/en active Pending
- 1973-12-17 NL NL7317284A patent/NL7317284A/xx unknown
- 1973-12-18 BR BR9898/73A patent/BR7309898D0/en unknown
- 1973-12-18 JP JP14177273A patent/JPS5330496B2/ja not_active Expired
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US2638416A (en) * | 1948-05-01 | 1953-05-12 | Battelle Development Corp | Developer composition for developing an electrostatic latent image |
US2618551A (en) * | 1948-10-20 | 1952-11-18 | Haloid Co | Developer for electrostatic images |
US2979403A (en) * | 1958-10-24 | 1961-04-11 | Rca Corp | Electrostatic printing |
US3526533A (en) * | 1966-08-10 | 1970-09-01 | Xerox Corp | Coated carrier particles |
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Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3909259A (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1975-09-30 | Xerox Corp | Color electrophotographic imaging process utilizing specific carrier-toner combinations |
DE2640192A1 (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1977-04-07 | Xerox Corp | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC COLOR RECORDING PROCESS AND SUPPORT FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS |
US4057426A (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1977-11-08 | Xerox Corporation | Magenta toner with a coated carrier |
US4058397A (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1977-11-15 | Xerox Corporation | Yellow developer employing a coated carrier |
US4066563A (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1978-01-03 | Xerox Corporation | Copper-tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine electrophotographic carrier |
US4073965A (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1978-02-14 | Xerox Corporation | Yellow developer employing a coated carrier and imaging process using same |
US4324851A (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1982-04-13 | Xerox Corporation | Positive color toners |
US4312932A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1982-01-26 | Xerox Corporation | Toners, developers for use in a single pass color image development |
US4777105A (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1988-10-11 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Magenta colorant for electrophotographic recording processes |
US5137576A (en) * | 1988-10-01 | 1992-08-11 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Quinacridones having selectively adjusted triboelectric effects |
DE3937203A1 (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1991-05-16 | Siemens Ag | Electrophotographic laser printing process - using colourless toner with glass transition temp. below 100 deg. C |
DE3937203C2 (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 2001-11-22 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Electrophotographic printing process |
US5342720A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-08-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Color proofing element and process for making the same |
US20030148202A1 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2003-08-07 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Toner for developing electrostatic image, developer for electrostatic image, and process for forming image |
US6828073B2 (en) | 2002-01-09 | 2004-12-07 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Toner for developing electrostatic image, developer for electrostatic image, and process for forming image |
US20080131806A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic latent image developing toner, method of producing same, and electrostatic latent image developer using same |
US8372574B2 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2013-02-12 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Method of producing electrostatic latent image developing toner |
US20100248112A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Two-component developer, developer cartridge, process cartridge and image formation apparatus |
US8828638B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2014-09-09 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Two-component developer, developer cartridge, process cartridge and image formation apparatus |
US8685602B2 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2014-04-01 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Toner for electrophotography, developer for electrophotography, toner cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
US10481526B2 (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2019-11-19 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Image-forming apparatus and image-forming method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1435218A (en) | 1976-05-12 |
FR2210782A1 (en) | 1974-07-12 |
NL7317284A (en) | 1974-06-20 |
FR2210782B1 (en) | 1976-11-19 |
JPS4991231A (en) | 1974-08-31 |
CA1005678A (en) | 1977-02-22 |
DE2362667A1 (en) | 1974-06-27 |
JPS5330496B2 (en) | 1978-08-28 |
BR7309898D0 (en) | 1974-09-05 |
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