US3908252A - Discharge tube provided with an electrode comprising nickel and aluminum - Google Patents

Discharge tube provided with an electrode comprising nickel and aluminum Download PDF

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Publication number
US3908252A
US3908252A US389676A US38967673A US3908252A US 3908252 A US3908252 A US 3908252A US 389676 A US389676 A US 389676A US 38967673 A US38967673 A US 38967673A US 3908252 A US3908252 A US 3908252A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
nickel
discharge tube
aluminum
layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US389676A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henricus Gerardus Anto Willems
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
    • H01J17/06—Cathodes
    • H01J17/066—Cold cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0064—Tubes with cold main electrodes (including cold cathodes)
    • H01J2893/0065—Electrode systems
    • H01J2893/0066—Construction, material, support, protection and temperature regulation of electrodes; Electrode cups

Definitions

  • the electrode consists of niferal material (nickel, iron, aluminum) which has been subjected to a given thermal treatment so that the discharge only terminates on the nickel layer.
  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a gas and/or vapour discharge tube in which the discharge tube is provided with an internal electrode and in which this electrode consists of at least a layer of aluminium and a layer of nickel running parallel thereto, a step being taken of facilitating the emergence of electrons from the side of the nickel layer remote from the aluminium.
  • the invention also relates to a gas and/or vapour discharge tube manufactured by this method.
  • a known method of the kind mentioned above is described, for example, in US. Pat. Spec. No. 2,459,511.
  • a drawback of this known method is that the side of the aluminium layer remote from the nickel is to be provided with an extra coating so as to cause the discharge, in the operating condition of the lamp, to terminate on the nickel side.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a simple process for the method of the kind described so as to cause the discharge to terminate on the nickel side of the electrode.
  • a method of manufacturing a gas and/or vapour discharge tube in which the discharge tube is provided with an internal electrode and in which said electrode consists of at least a layer of aluminium and a layer of nickel running parallel thereto and in which a step is taken of facilitating the emergence of electrons from the side of the nickel layer remote from the aluminium is characterized in that niferal having an aluminium layer less than microns thick is used as a starting material (raw material) for the electrode, said niferal being maintained in a non oxidizing atmosphere for a maximum period of 15 minutes at a temperature of at least 700C.
  • niferal is to be understood to mean a commercially available laminar sandwich assembly which consists of three parallel layers the inner one of which is iron and the other layers consist of nickel and aluminium. Each layer is uniform throughout in composition and cross-section.
  • the ferrous alloy or steel core consists of approximately 98 per cent iron and contains a small addition of manganese and carbon in addition to some impurities.
  • the nickel layer is approximately 99 per cent pure and has as its main impurities iron and manganese.
  • the aluminum layer is also approximately 99 per cent pure and has as its main impurity silicon.
  • An advantage of a method according to the invention is that the relatively high work potential of the aluminium side of niferal is brought about by diffusion of iron into aluminium. As a rule this produces a black colour on the outer side of the aluminium layer. This aluminium layer then need not be provided with a further coating.
  • the thermal treatment of niferal of the electrode is not effected until after the electrode is positioned in the discharge tube.
  • An advantage thereof is that the risk of possible damage of the electrode during further manufacture is only small.
  • the step of facilitating the emergence of the electrons from the nickel layer consists of providing said nickel layer with an emitter which is provided on the nickel in the form of one or more carbonates converted into oxides during a thermal treatment, the thermal treatment of the emitter and the thermal treatment of niferal is effected during one and the same heating process during which the temperature is maintained between 1000C and I100C for 5 to 15 seconds.
  • An advantage of this preferred method is that one manufacturing stage is accomplished dual tasks.
  • a discharge lamp manufactured in accordance with a method according to the invention is preferably a glow-discharge lamp having a sheet-like electrode with the nickel side of the electrode being provided with an emitter, whereby the nickel side faces the light emergence side of the lamp.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that a glowdischarge lamp can be obtained having a relatively low ignition voltage and that a satisfactory part of the electrodes is covered with glow discharge light.
  • the lamp is an arc discharge lamp in which the electrode is formed as a hollow electrode with the nickel layer on the inner side.
  • This embodiment gives a preference to the nickel side as regards the emergence of electrons so that in this case the nickel layer need not necessarily be provided with an emitter.
  • An advantage of this preferred embodiment is that a satisfactory electrode can be obtained in a simple manner.
  • The are terminates on the inner side of the hollow electrode so that blackening of the wall of the discharge tube at the area of the electrode is prevented.
  • FIG. 1 shows a glow-discharge lamp according to the invention partly in a cross-section and partly in an elevational view
  • FIG. 2 shows an arc discharge lamp according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken through the line III- III of FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken through the line IV 1b-lb of FIG. 2.
  • 1 is a wall of a discharge tube which is filled with neon and argon.
  • the tube 1 accommodates a cupshaped electrode (2) and an annular electrode (3).
  • the cup-shaped electrode (2) is made of niferal whose nickel side is provided with an emitter. This electrode is maintained at I050C in vacuo for 5 to 15 seconds after it is placed in the tube 1.
  • the nickel side of the electrode 2 is remote from the lamp cap 6 and thus faces the light emergence side of the lamp.
  • the emitter on the nickel side consists of a triple carbonate of barium, strontium and calcium decomposed during the said thermal treatment. 4 and 5 are supply wires.
  • the annular electrode 3 is made of nickel.
  • the ignition and operating voltages of this lamp were lower than volts.
  • the work potential of the aluminium comprising layer (facing the lamp cap) of the electrode 2 was more than 6 volts.
  • FIG. 2 shows a so-called ozone-lamp which is provided with a quartz tube 20. Both ends of the elongated tube 20 accommodate a hollow main electrode (21 and 22, respectively) of niferal. These main electrodes are heated for approximately minutes at approximately 700C in a dry hydrogen atmosphere before they are introduced into the quartz discharge tube. The nickel is present on the inner side of the (hollow) electrodes 21 and 22. These main electrodes 21 and 22 are not provided with an emitter. The work potential of the aluminium containing (outer) coating was also larger than 6 volt.
  • Auxiliary electrodes (23 and 24) for the ignition of the lamp are present within the main electrodes (21 and 22, respectively).
  • the tube contains neon and argon and furthermore mercury for generating ultraviolet light for the ozone production.
  • thermo treatment of said sandwich is effected after the step of positioning said electrode in the discharge tube.
  • a method as claimed in claim 2 further includes providing said nickel layer with an emitter which is provided on the nickel in the form of one or more carbonates converted into oxides during said maintaining step, said maintaining including maintaining said sandwich and emitter between 1000C and 1100C for 5 to 15 seconds.
  • a method as described in claim 3 wherein said providing step includes providing an aluminum layer of the electrode which has a work potential of more than 6 volts.
  • a method as claimed in claim 4 for manufacturing a glow discharge lamp said positioning step including positioning said nickel layer facing the light emergence side of the lamp.

Landscapes

  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
US389676A 1972-09-12 1973-08-20 Discharge tube provided with an electrode comprising nickel and aluminum Expired - Lifetime US3908252A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NLAANVRAGE7212336,A NL170680C (nl) 1972-09-12 1972-09-12 Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een gas- en/of dampontladingsbuis voorzien van ten minste een nikkel en aluminium bevattende elektrode en een met behulp van deze werkwijze vervaardigde gas- en/of dampontladingsbuis.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3908252A true US3908252A (en) 1975-09-30

Family

ID=19816914

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US389676A Expired - Lifetime US3908252A (en) 1972-09-12 1973-08-20 Discharge tube provided with an electrode comprising nickel and aluminum

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US3908252A (hr)
JP (2) JPS4968570A (hr)
AR (1) AR198237A1 (hr)
AT (1) AT338932B (hr)
BE (1) BE804697A (hr)
CA (1) CA983091A (hr)
CH (1) CH559429A5 (hr)
DE (1) DE2342494C2 (hr)
ES (1) ES418626A1 (hr)
FR (1) FR2199191B1 (hr)
GB (1) GB1389620A (hr)
IT (1) IT999551B (hr)
NL (1) NL170680C (hr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047101A (en) * 1976-01-08 1977-09-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Filament for alkali metal ionization detector
US5036243A (en) * 1989-12-18 1991-07-30 Cocks Franklin H Glass plate illumination device sign with integral electrodes of particular thermal resistance
US5911613A (en) * 1998-03-16 1999-06-15 Byrum; Bernard W. Luminous gas discharge display
US7004809B2 (en) * 2001-06-25 2006-02-28 Bing Lin Yang Illuminant for discharge lamp
US20090224647A1 (en) * 2005-11-18 2009-09-10 David Steven Barratt Electrodes

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2459511A (en) * 1946-10-04 1949-01-18 Gen Electric Negative glow lamp
US3530559A (en) * 1968-03-12 1970-09-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Anode electrode fabrication
US3753024A (en) * 1972-03-20 1973-08-14 Gen Electric Glow lamp with nickel-plated electrodes

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE868026C (de) * 1941-01-28 1953-02-23 Telefunken Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer nicht als Gluehkathode dienenden Elektrode fuer ein elektrisches Entladungsgefaess
DE886088C (de) * 1944-07-26 1953-08-10 Trierer Walzwerk Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen von alitierten Gluehgeraeten und aehnlichen Gegenstaenden, die zunderfest sein sollen
DE932858C (de) * 1953-01-13 1955-09-12 Telefunken Gmbh Verfahren zur Behandlung von Elektroden oder Elektrodenwerktoffen fuer elektrische Entladungsroehren zwecks Verleihung eines hohen Waermeabstrahlungsvermoegens unter Verwendung eines mit Aluminium ueberzogenen Ausgangsmaterials, das mit dem Aluminiumueberzug bei Erhitzung intermetallische Verbindungen eingeht
JPS4946784U (hr) * 1972-07-26 1974-04-24

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2459511A (en) * 1946-10-04 1949-01-18 Gen Electric Negative glow lamp
US3530559A (en) * 1968-03-12 1970-09-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Anode electrode fabrication
US3753024A (en) * 1972-03-20 1973-08-14 Gen Electric Glow lamp with nickel-plated electrodes

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047101A (en) * 1976-01-08 1977-09-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Filament for alkali metal ionization detector
US5036243A (en) * 1989-12-18 1991-07-30 Cocks Franklin H Glass plate illumination device sign with integral electrodes of particular thermal resistance
US5911613A (en) * 1998-03-16 1999-06-15 Byrum; Bernard W. Luminous gas discharge display
US7004809B2 (en) * 2001-06-25 2006-02-28 Bing Lin Yang Illuminant for discharge lamp
US20090224647A1 (en) * 2005-11-18 2009-09-10 David Steven Barratt Electrodes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL170680C (nl) 1982-12-01
BE804697A (fr) 1974-03-11
FR2199191A1 (hr) 1974-04-05
FR2199191B1 (hr) 1976-10-01
NL7212336A (hr) 1974-03-14
GB1389620A (en) 1975-04-03
NL170680B (nl) 1982-07-01
JPS4968570A (hr) 1974-07-03
DE2342494C2 (de) 1983-04-07
ATA782073A (de) 1977-01-15
AT338932B (de) 1977-09-26
DE2342494A1 (de) 1974-03-28
ES418626A1 (es) 1976-07-01
CH559429A5 (hr) 1975-02-28
JPS565363U (hr) 1981-01-17
CA983091A (en) 1976-02-03
IT999551B (it) 1976-03-10
AR198237A1 (es) 1974-06-07

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