US3907548A - Process for the production of steels having high chromium content and lowest possible carbon content - Google Patents
Process for the production of steels having high chromium content and lowest possible carbon content Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3907548A US3907548A US482958A US48295874A US3907548A US 3907548 A US3907548 A US 3907548A US 482958 A US482958 A US 482958A US 48295874 A US48295874 A US 48295874A US 3907548 A US3907548 A US 3907548A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- molten steel
- stream
- reducing agent
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004326 stimulated echo acquisition mode for imaging Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000003916 Arrestin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000328 Arrestin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910014458 Ca-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010011416 Croup infectious Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
- C21C7/0685—Decarburising of stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
Definitions
- This invention is directed to the production of steel as having high chromium content and lowest possible carbon content. More particularly, this invention is directed to a process for the removal of carbon, as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide from liquid chromium-containing steels while retaining in such liquid steels the chromium therein. More especially, this invention is directed to a process for refining chromiumcontaining steels without loss of chromium as the oxide thereof. This invention is especially directed to a onestep process for the production of high chromiumcontaining steels characterized by low carbon content.
- the present invention is based upon a surprising finding that an oxidizing and reduction function can be carried out virtually simultaneously and at points virtually adjacent to one another whereby the carbon content of the steel can be reduced to the lowest possible value without loss of chromium into a slag.
- an unidirectionally flowing stream of an oxidizing substance as H O, CO pulverized NiO and, iron oxide especially oxygen or air is introduced into or onto a molten liquid chromium-containing steel.
- a reducing agent as Fe- Si, Ca-Si, Si, Ca, Mg, more especially, aluminum.
- the aluminum is introduced at a point downstream from the point at which the oxidizing stream first enters into or onto the liquid steel.
- the reducing agent is introduced onto or into the unidirectionally flowing stream at a point at least 5 cm. and advantageously up to cm. from the point where the oxidizing stream first makes contact with the molten steel bath.
- the unidirectionally flowing stream is caused by the action of the gaseous stream' effecting an impulse thereon.
- the unidirectional bath circulation is also effected by injected substances contained in such stream.
- One means for affecting unidirectional bath circulation is described in Austrian patent 225 212, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. According to such patent tangentially directed nozzles are arranged in a refining vessel, distributed uniformly over the periphery. By the action of a gaseous stream flowing through such nozzles a helical bath circulation is effected. This procedure is employed to even out the refining procedure. The rotation of the bath leads to a more uniform and more intensive mixing, with a constant change at the boundary surface between the bath and slag.
- the unidirectional bath circulation is necessary for the proper contacting of the bath initially with the oxidant and thereafter with the reducing agent.
- the addition of oxygen is only within the unidirectionally flowing stream created within the bath and does not take place over a number of points within the entire area of the vessel.
- the main bath circulation has to be produced about an imaginary horizontal axis.
- the introduction of such a stream into the bath can take place at an angle inclined to the bath surface and/or through the bottom or the wall of the melting vessel below the bath surface. It is important that conditions are provided by the unidirectional bath circulation which allows the initial addition of oxidizing agent followed by theaddition of reducing agent at the same time but downstream thereof or within a separate region in the unidirectionally flowing stream.
- the gases and other substances are advantageously injected into or onto the metal surface without the for mation of any droplets. It has been found that the formation of droplets during the introduction of the oxidizing stream adversely affects the chromium/carbon ratio. Droplet formation can be avoided bysuitable se' lection of the process parameters, the blowing pressure of the gaseous stream, the angle at which the stream is introduced in or onto the liquidsteel-and the shape diameter and relative spacing of the nozzles employed therefore. It is desired that special attention be given to the nozzle diameter. It has been found that noxxle diameters having a relatively large diameter can be beneficially employed to-limit the formation of droplets. This is owing to the fact that such large nozzle diameters provide a gentle gas stream.
- the process of the present invention affects marked reduction in the carbon content by flushing out carbon monoxide.
- Substances which give off gases or which gasify can also be blown in tothe molten steel for this purpose.
- the amount of oxidizing substance introduced generally depends upon the' amount: of carbon being removed from the steel being treated.
- the introduction of the oxidizing stream to effect unidirectional bath circulation can be accomplished employing gaseous oxygen alone or in admixture with inert gases such as argon.
- gaseous oxygen alone or in admixture with inert gases such as argon.
- air can be used as the gaseous medium.
- gas-yielding solids especially those which simultaneously exert a flushing action with the possibility of gas separation.
- Gaseous constituents liberated by the gas yieldin'g solids include water, carbon monoxide, especially when the gaseous stream contains calcium carbonate.
- the unidirectional bath circulation is particularly advantageously effected by the use of electromagnetic or mechanical stirring mechanisms. In a desirable embodiment the process is conducted by the addition of components for liquefying the slag.
- EXAMPLE 1 Into a liquid steel composition having the assay below there was introduced an oxidizing stream of oxygen through a nozzle inclined at the surface of the liquid steel. The process was conducted under vacuum conditions. The steel analyzed as follows:
- a contact area the disclosed distance refers to the shortest distance between the rims of the contact area of oxygen and metal and the area of aluminum introduction. Preferably the distance is between 30 em up to 50 cm.
- the invention bases upon the effect that the chromium oxide being just constituted and not yet being part of the slag phase resting on the metal surface, has a good and remarkable reactivity for the reduction. Therefore the immediate reduction leads to a high chromium recovery and therefore the proposed process is very economic.
- a process according to claim 8 wherein said reducing agent is aluminum and the ratio of the addition of the calcium carbonate and 'aluminum are so matched ameter and spacing of the noz-zlesemployed to produce the unidirectionally flowing stream.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2333937A DE2333937C2 (de) | 1973-07-04 | 1973-07-04 | Verfahren zur Herstellung hochchromhaltiger Stähle mit niedrigstem Kohlenstoffgehalt |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3907548A true US3907548A (en) | 1975-09-23 |
Family
ID=5885874
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US482958A Expired - Lifetime US3907548A (en) | 1973-07-04 | 1974-06-25 | Process for the production of steels having high chromium content and lowest possible carbon content |
Country Status (13)
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4481032A (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1984-11-06 | Pfizer Inc. | Process for adding calcium to a bath of molten ferrous material |
| US4518422A (en) * | 1982-11-17 | 1985-05-21 | Arbed S.A. | Process and apparatus for refining steel in a metallurgical vessel |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5394214A (en) * | 1977-01-31 | 1978-08-18 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Denitriding method of high chrome molten steel with small chrome loss |
| JPS60121211A (ja) * | 1983-12-02 | 1985-06-28 | Nippon Steel Corp | 含クロム溶鋼の還元脱硫法 |
| JPS62127417A (ja) * | 1985-11-26 | 1987-06-09 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 溶融金属の精錬方法 |
| TWI452270B (zh) * | 2011-10-21 | 2014-09-11 | Univ Nat Central | 量測裝置及其量測方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3003865A (en) * | 1959-09-10 | 1961-10-10 | Cameron Iron Works Inc | Decarburizing process for alloy steels containing chromium |
| US3218157A (en) * | 1961-10-16 | 1965-11-16 | Oesterr Alpine Montan | Process for the production of high alloyed steels |
| US3467167A (en) * | 1966-09-19 | 1969-09-16 | Kaiser Ind Corp | Process for continuously casting oxidizable metals |
| US3725041A (en) * | 1970-09-25 | 1973-04-03 | Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc | Deoxidizing metal |
| US3751242A (en) * | 1969-04-02 | 1973-08-07 | Eisenwerk Gmbh Sulzbach Rosenb | Process for making chrimium alloys |
-
1973
- 1973-07-04 DE DE2333937A patent/DE2333937C2/de not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-06-19 GB GB2724674A patent/GB1432290A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-06-25 US US482958A patent/US3907548A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-07-01 NL NL7408838A patent/NL7408838A/xx unknown
- 1974-07-02 AT AT544874A patent/AT340975B/de active
- 1974-07-02 IT IT24698/74A patent/IT1015605B/it active
- 1974-07-02 LU LU70449A patent/LU70449A1/xx unknown
- 1974-07-02 FR FR7423003A patent/FR2236007B3/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-07-03 CA CA203,954A patent/CA1015169A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-03 SE SE7408783A patent/SE7408783L/xx unknown
- 1974-07-03 DK DK356774A patent/DK356774A/da unknown
- 1974-07-04 BE BE146222A patent/BE817256A/xx unknown
- 1974-07-04 JP JP49075929A patent/JPS5038617A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3003865A (en) * | 1959-09-10 | 1961-10-10 | Cameron Iron Works Inc | Decarburizing process for alloy steels containing chromium |
| US3218157A (en) * | 1961-10-16 | 1965-11-16 | Oesterr Alpine Montan | Process for the production of high alloyed steels |
| US3467167A (en) * | 1966-09-19 | 1969-09-16 | Kaiser Ind Corp | Process for continuously casting oxidizable metals |
| US3751242A (en) * | 1969-04-02 | 1973-08-07 | Eisenwerk Gmbh Sulzbach Rosenb | Process for making chrimium alloys |
| US3725041A (en) * | 1970-09-25 | 1973-04-03 | Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc | Deoxidizing metal |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4518422A (en) * | 1982-11-17 | 1985-05-21 | Arbed S.A. | Process and apparatus for refining steel in a metallurgical vessel |
| US4481032A (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1984-11-06 | Pfizer Inc. | Process for adding calcium to a bath of molten ferrous material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1015605B (it) | 1977-05-20 |
| FR2236007A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-01-31 |
| LU70449A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-11-28 |
| FR2236007B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-05-06 |
| ATA544874A (de) | 1977-05-15 |
| CA1015169A (en) | 1977-08-09 |
| JPS5038617A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-04-10 |
| DE2333937B1 (de) | 1974-12-05 |
| NL7408838A (nl) | 1975-01-07 |
| GB1432290A (en) | 1976-04-14 |
| SE7408783L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-01-07 |
| AT340975B (de) | 1978-01-10 |
| BE817256A (fr) | 1974-11-04 |
| DK356774A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-03-17 |
| DE2333937C2 (de) | 1975-07-17 |
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