US3906933A - Method and apparatus for determination of skin type - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for determination of skin type Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3906933A US3906933A US458394A US45839474A US3906933A US 3906933 A US3906933 A US 3906933A US 458394 A US458394 A US 458394A US 45839474 A US45839474 A US 45839474A US 3906933 A US3906933 A US 3906933A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- skin
- printing
- imprint
- stamp
- printing stamp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000036555 skin type Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 210000002374 sebum Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002801 charged material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000037336 dry skin Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010039792 Seborrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037312 oily skin Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000032544 Cicatrix Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000594592 Lanugo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001274197 Scatophagus argus Species 0.000 description 1
- YCUVUDODLRLVIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sudan black B Chemical compound C1=CC(=C23)NC(C)(C)NC2=CC=CC3=C1N=NC(C1=CC=CC=C11)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 YCUVUDODLRLVIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 e.g. Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037311 normal skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004171 remote diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000037387 scars Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001732 sebaceous gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
- A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
Definitions
- ABSTRACT The skin type is determined by using at least one print carrier with an electrostatically chargeable printing surface, having a surface tension of less than 30 dynes per centimeter, for making an electrostatic sebum content imprint of the skin and for storing said electrostatic imprint on the stamp surface.
- Good determination of the facial skin type is achieved by taking an imprint each from the forehead, chin and both cheeks.
- the invention concerns a method for determining skin type on the basis of the sebum content of the skin according to specific type groups.
- the invention concerns a device for the execution of this method.
- Type classification is based on the fact that sebum production by the skin is essentially constant within a given skin type and reacts only very slowly to pharmacological stimuli and effects.
- excretory ducts of the sebaceous glands are distributed more or less densely like a mosaic over the surface of the skin.
- the study of the skin of the face or other skin areas is usually accomplished by visual examination and tactile determinations.
- the results of such a study depend in large measure on the area of the skin under study, the method employed and the ability of the person performing the study. Hence, personal experience is critical as far as reliable evaluation is concerned. Determination of skin type, ie normal, dry, oily and mixed, is carried out primarity subjectively and involves the danger of confusion and error, especially when transitional types of skin are involved.
- the different types of skin differ from one another primarily in the amount of oil which is excreted, so that the quantitative determination of the amount of sebum on the surface of the skin, even if it is determined in relative values rather than absolute ones, allows determination of the skin type classification. This fact has lead to the development of a plurality of methods which are used to determine the amount of oil on the surface of the skin.
- Another method is the socalled sebograph. It is based on the displacement of an oil film floating on water by a small amount of skin oil. The skin oil is removed from the surface of the skin by means of a metal rod and placed on the oil film. This causes a spreading spot from whose size the amount of free fatty acids in the skin oil can be determined.
- Still another method is based on the change in transparency of ground glass by adhering oil.
- the spectrophotometric evaluation of such ground glass prints from the skin surface allow an indirect determination of the amount of oil.
- An object of the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, such as indicated above; another object is to provide a method for determination of skin type and skin relief that can well be used in cosmetics; another object is to provide a method which is on the one hand offering relatively accessible results and on the other hand being capable of being carried out very simply, so that it can be used not only at cosmetic centers but also remotely, at least in part, by untrained persons.
- the evaluation of the test material is carried out by trained personnel at especially established evaluation centers, due to their higher reliability.
- the above objects are achieved by the invention by virtue of using at least one print carrier with an electrostatically chargeable printing surface with a surface tension of less than 30 dynes per centimeter. It is thereby possible to obtain an imprint of the skin, and subjecting the imprint on the print carrier in a subsequent optical auxiliary device to a separate evaluation step involving comparison decisions on the basis of established comparison criteria, and assignment to a specific group.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a print carrier device described as an example of the invention, having four printing stamps in the carrier;
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a printing stamp used with the device of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a printing stamp according to a further sample embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a cross section through a recess in the device of FIG. 1, with printing stamp inserted;
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are plan views of imprints from oily skin and dry skin with flakes as seen through a stereo microscope.
- a print carrier box It is pro vided with cylindrical recesses in which removeable printing stamps I], I2 and 13, I4 are located.
- the printing stamps according to FIG. 2 each consist, for example, of a cylindrical base I6 with a flat bottom and a handle 17 attached to the base.
- the diameter of the cylindrical base is 2.5 cm in the example so that the area of the base is approximately cm while the height of the handle is about 1 cm.
- the printing stamps are made of a plastic which can be easily charged electrostatically, and having a relatively low surface tension of about 30 dynes per cm, preferably approximately 20 dynes per cm.
- the materials that can preferably be used for the printing stamps include acrylic resin polymers, e.g., acrylic resin or polymethyl methacrylate.
- the printing stamps are black in color, in order that the imprint image to be described below can be viewed with maximum contrast.
- the printing stamps can have any other shape, e.g., a shape like that in FIG. 3, in which the base 18 is slightly curved.
- the printing stamp ll does not rest directly upon the bottom of the recess inside print carrier 10, but on an annular supporting shoulder 15. In this fashion the electrostatic imprint in the principal area of the printing stamp is preserved when the stamp is placed in the recess.
- the stamp surface is dry cleaned before being used or mailed and by this operation the stamp surface becomes charged electrostatically. The charge remains on the surface for several days or even weeks.
- imprints are taken individually from eg various areas of the skin of the face such as the forehead, chin and the two cheeks.
- the printing stamps contact the skin and by virtue of their electrostatic charge attract sebum and other accumulations from the skin to form an imprint. From these four imprints the skin type is determined by examination under a stereo microscope or a powerful magnifying glass.
- the mixed type on the basis of imprints from the forehead and chin shows a similar appearance to that for oily skin. in other words, thickly covcre with oil droplets.
- the imprints from the two chw' n the other hand show the appearance of dry skin with scat tered or absent oil droplets and flakes.
- the device described here makes it possible to difi'erentiate between oily-dry-flaky skin and dry' flaky skin. This is done as follows: if a few flakes are found on an imprint, an attempt is made to remove these flakes by blowing lightly on the imprint. If this is successful and the flakes fly off (which later can be read as a reduced number of flakes), dry-flaky skin is involved. If the number of flakes cannot be reduced by this measaure, the skin can be referred a as oily-dryflaky.
- FIG. 5A shows an imprint of oily skin as seen through a stereo microscope.
- FIG. 53 shows the different appearance of dry skin with scattered dry flakes.
- a device for recording skin conditions for the determination of skin type on the basis of the sebum content of the skin comprising a printing stamp having a smooth working surface for application against the skin, said working surface comprising means for electrostatically attracting and retaining sebum and other accumulations from the skin to thereby provide an electrostatic sebum content imprint of the skin,
- said electrostatic attracting and retaining means consisting of an electrostatically charged material with a surface tension ofless than 30 dynes per centimeter.
- said printing stamp is made of a material which can be'electrostatically charged to a value between and 200 volts per 5.
- said printing stamp has a black color.
- Method for determining skin type on the basis of skin area on said imprinting surface, and the sebum content of the skin of certain type groups examining said imprint on said imprinting surface by comprising comparison criteria to assign it to one of the speci charging an electrostatically chargeable imprinting fied type groups.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH548273A CH565547A5 (cs) | 1973-04-16 | 1973-04-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3906933A true US3906933A (en) | 1975-09-23 |
Family
ID=4294324
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US458394A Expired - Lifetime US3906933A (en) | 1973-04-16 | 1974-04-05 | Method and apparatus for determination of skin type |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3906933A (cs) |
JP (1) | JPS508388A (cs) |
AU (1) | AU6794174A (cs) |
BE (1) | BE813641A (cs) |
BR (1) | BR7402955D0 (cs) |
CA (1) | CA999456A (cs) |
CH (1) | CH565547A5 (cs) |
DE (1) | DE2323277A1 (cs) |
ES (1) | ES425171A1 (cs) |
FR (1) | FR2225140B3 (cs) |
GB (1) | GB1437553A (cs) |
NL (1) | NL7404011A (cs) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4224950A (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1980-09-30 | L'oreal | Apparatus for measuring the amount of sebum secreted by the skin of a living subject |
WO1984002460A1 (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1984-07-05 | Dermatec Ltd | Sebum collection and monitoring means |
US4981145A (en) * | 1989-10-24 | 1991-01-01 | Goldstein Jay A | Method and apparatus for determining sebum production for selection of cosmetics of complementary formulation |
US5119828A (en) * | 1990-12-12 | 1992-06-09 | Cuderm Corporation | Sebum indicator with light absorbing visualization enhancer |
US20020182149A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-05 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Wrinkle indicator tape strip |
US20020182235A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-05 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Cosmetic product with proof device |
US20030225345A1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-12-04 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | System and method for improving skin texture monitored with a proof device |
US7022289B1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2006-04-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Chemical and biological sampling device and kit and method of use thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL7806303A (nl) * | 1978-06-09 | 1979-12-11 | Stork Bepak Bv | Inrichting voor het behandelen van houders. |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3289670A (en) * | 1964-03-09 | 1966-12-06 | Milo Bundy Corp | Device for abrading and applying biologicals to the skin of a patient |
US3429572A (en) * | 1965-10-11 | 1969-02-25 | Robert B Mars | Educational game |
US3544113A (en) * | 1967-04-10 | 1970-12-01 | Kenneth E Hand | Set of discs having different floatation characteristics |
US3552929A (en) * | 1968-01-23 | 1971-01-05 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Diagnosis means |
US3556080A (en) * | 1968-04-08 | 1971-01-19 | Lincoln Lab Inc | Skin allergy testing device |
US3710505A (en) * | 1971-01-04 | 1973-01-16 | Brooklyn Prod Inc | Aerodynamic toy |
US3784200A (en) * | 1973-03-15 | 1974-01-08 | R Hotchkiss | Projectile including a cylindrical body with one flanged end and a target board |
-
1973
- 1973-04-16 CH CH548273A patent/CH565547A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-05-09 DE DE2323277A patent/DE2323277A1/de active Pending
-
1974
- 1974-03-25 NL NL7404011A patent/NL7404011A/xx unknown
- 1974-03-25 CA CA195,902A patent/CA999456A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-03 GB GB1488274A patent/GB1437553A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-05 US US458394A patent/US3906933A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-04-09 ES ES425171A patent/ES425171A1/es not_active Expired
- 1974-04-10 JP JP49041601A patent/JPS508388A/ja active Pending
- 1974-04-12 BE BE143131A patent/BE813641A/xx unknown
- 1974-04-15 BR BR2955/74A patent/BR7402955D0/pt unknown
- 1974-04-16 AU AU67941/74A patent/AU6794174A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-16 FR FR7413174A patent/FR2225140B3/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3289670A (en) * | 1964-03-09 | 1966-12-06 | Milo Bundy Corp | Device for abrading and applying biologicals to the skin of a patient |
US3429572A (en) * | 1965-10-11 | 1969-02-25 | Robert B Mars | Educational game |
US3544113A (en) * | 1967-04-10 | 1970-12-01 | Kenneth E Hand | Set of discs having different floatation characteristics |
US3552929A (en) * | 1968-01-23 | 1971-01-05 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Diagnosis means |
US3556080A (en) * | 1968-04-08 | 1971-01-19 | Lincoln Lab Inc | Skin allergy testing device |
US3710505A (en) * | 1971-01-04 | 1973-01-16 | Brooklyn Prod Inc | Aerodynamic toy |
US3784200A (en) * | 1973-03-15 | 1974-01-08 | R Hotchkiss | Projectile including a cylindrical body with one flanged end and a target board |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4224950A (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1980-09-30 | L'oreal | Apparatus for measuring the amount of sebum secreted by the skin of a living subject |
WO1984002460A1 (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1984-07-05 | Dermatec Ltd | Sebum collection and monitoring means |
US4532937A (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1985-08-06 | Cuderm Corporation | Sebum collection and monitoring means and method |
US4981145A (en) * | 1989-10-24 | 1991-01-01 | Goldstein Jay A | Method and apparatus for determining sebum production for selection of cosmetics of complementary formulation |
US5119828A (en) * | 1990-12-12 | 1992-06-09 | Cuderm Corporation | Sebum indicator with light absorbing visualization enhancer |
US20020182235A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-05 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Cosmetic product with proof device |
US20020182149A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-05 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Wrinkle indicator tape strip |
US6875444B2 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2005-04-05 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Wrinkle indicator tape strip |
US6926904B2 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2005-08-09 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Cosmetic product with proof device |
US20050220833A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2005-10-06 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Cosmetic product with proof device |
US7022289B1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2006-04-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Chemical and biological sampling device and kit and method of use thereof |
US7393694B1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2008-07-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Chemical and biological sampling device and kit and method of use thereof |
US20030225345A1 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-12-04 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | System and method for improving skin texture monitored with a proof device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1437553A (cs) | 1976-05-26 |
CA999456A (en) | 1976-11-09 |
NL7404011A (cs) | 1974-10-18 |
AU6794174A (en) | 1975-10-16 |
BR7402955D0 (pt) | 1974-12-31 |
DE2323277A1 (de) | 1974-10-24 |
ES425171A1 (es) | 1976-06-01 |
FR2225140B3 (cs) | 1977-02-18 |
JPS508388A (cs) | 1975-01-28 |
BE813641A (fr) | 1974-07-31 |
CH565547A5 (cs) | 1975-08-29 |
FR2225140A1 (cs) | 1974-11-08 |
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