US3906300A - Multiperiodic accelerator structures for linear particle accelerators - Google Patents

Multiperiodic accelerator structures for linear particle accelerators Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3906300A
US3906300A US376584A US37658473A US3906300A US 3906300 A US3906300 A US 3906300A US 376584 A US376584 A US 376584A US 37658473 A US37658473 A US 37658473A US 3906300 A US3906300 A US 3906300A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cavities
coupling
apertures
annular
cylindrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US376584A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Duc Tien Tran
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CGR MEV SA
Original Assignee
CGR MEV SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CGR MEV SA filed Critical CGR MEV SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3906300A publication Critical patent/US3906300A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H9/00—Linear accelerators
    • H05H9/04—Standing-wave linear accelerators

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT High efficiency linear accelerator structures comprising a succession of cylindrical resonant cavities which are accelerating cavities, and coupling annular cavities which are located at the periphery thereof, each of these annular cavities being coupled to two adjacent cylindrical cavities.
  • PATENTEBSEP rams PATENTEBSEP rams.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 respectively show resonance frequency curves of two biperiodic structures in accordance with the invention.
  • the accelerator structure in accordance with the ingenerally constituted by groups of two or three resovention, schematically illustrated in FIG. 1, comprises nant cavities which are accelerating cavities; these aca succession of cylindrical cavities a,, 12 a [2 a;,, b;; celerating cavities are coupled with one another by a having a common axis X X substantially coincidental coupling cavity, each of such groups(two accelerating with the mean trajectory of the accelerated particle cavities and one coupling cavity) corresponding to one beam.
  • every wall m is It is an object of this invention to achieve this aim in provided with two holes and v for coupling purposes a particularly effective manner, while, in the same time, whilst h other walls have no Coupling apertures at providing a structure which is simple to manufacture, h cylindrical g i f are is readily adjustable and has an Operating frequency 20 spectively coupled, in pairs to annular cavities o 0 c which is not sensitive to minor machining or adjust- PQ coaxlauy at the peflphery of the cylmdnchl ment inaccuracies cavities (1,, b a b a 22 with which they are associ-
  • couplmg holes 3 t3 a linear structure for a linear particle accelerator comformed
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a linear structure in ha hift 2 /3 hi h i t between th iti accordance with the invention, 40 12,, of a 2'n'mode" triperiodic structure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a vector diagram indicating the FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an example of an anphase shift in the incident wave and reflected wave in nular cavity
  • FIG. 4 shows its equivalent circuit diaone set of three associated cavities (two accelerating gram. cavities and one coupling avity Designating by r and r+ A) the QUIET radius Of the an- FIGS. 3 and 4 schematically illustrate an example of l r Cavity Ci, by AZ the length of the terminal induca coupling cavity in accordance with the invention. and five Portions S1 and 2 0f the annular Cavities i y 2 the equivalent circuit diagram of said cavity, AZ of Central inductive portions 3 y 1 the length of F IG.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 respectively illustrate a triperiodic lent Circuit diagram of 4 as ihducators 1 L2 and structure according to the invention and in a somewhat and the P I 1 and 2 the Value of the inducsimplified manner, the arrangement of the coupling ap- Hons L1 and L2 gweh by: ertures between the different cavities of this structure,
  • FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 respectively illustrate another embodiment of an accelerator structure according to the L] L): "4AM: invention, and two tuning systems therefor,
  • FIGS. 11 to 14 illustrate still other embodiments of i I ,a structure according to the invention and, whilst that of the capacitances C and C is given by:
  • the resonance frequency of the annular cavity is given by:
  • FIG. 6 illustrates, in longitudinal section, an example of a triperiodic structure in accordance with the invention.
  • the accelerator structure is produced by stacking, into a cylindrical sleeve 13, elements e and e which are solids of revolution, such as shown in FIG. 5.
  • Each element e has substantially the shape of a circular plate rn exhibiting a central portion 2 having an increase thickness through which a hole 3 extends.
  • Each element e is in the form of a cylindar the lateral wall of which is constituted with an embattle ring 6.
  • This cylinder is provided with a circular wall n comprising a central portion 4 having an increased thickness and through which a hole 5 extends.
  • the elements e are furthermore provided with apertures u and v formed in their circular plate m and the rings 6 constituting the lateral walls of the elements 6 contain two apertures .s and t disposed symmetrically at either side of the circular plate n.
  • the rings 6 of the elements e spectively associated with each two adjacent cavities a,- and b,- to tune these cavities c,-, a,- and b,-.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates in longitudinal section a biperiodic structure operating in the 'n' mode.
  • the length of the cylindrical accelerator cavity is in this case equal to BA/Z, being the reduced velocity of the particles propagating through the cylindrical cavities and A the operating wavelength of the structure.
  • Such a structure is particularly suitable because it is constituted by identical elements 30, which build up cylindrical cavities d d d d
  • the coupling between two adjacent cylindrical cavities d d d d is effected solely through the medium of the annular cavities f,,f by means of coupling apertures s s 5 components of the electric field H of the electromagexhibit two shoulders 11 and 12 between which accomodate the plates m of the elements 0
  • the elements e, and e are assembled together in the manner shown in FIG. 6, within a cylindrical sleeve 13 thus forming cylindrical cavities a b (1 12 (1 b and annular cavities 0,, c c
  • the coupling between the cavities b and a b and a is effected through apertures 11,, v n v.
  • the coupling apertures u v u v are arranged in such a fashion that they are staggered in relation to the apertures s 2,, s 2 as shown in the cut-away perspective view of FIG. 7.
  • the cavities a and b, at the ends of the structure are identical to one another but differ slightly from the cavities a a a b b
  • Their dimensions are such that at the resonance frequency of the accelerating cavities a a b b when the latter are operating in the 211" mode for example, they subject the reflected wave to a phase shift of 7r/2 in relation to the input wave so that within the accelerating structure a standing wave situation is created in which the electromagnetic field is cancelled in all the annular coupling cavities so that optimum efficiency on the part of the structure is ensured.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates embodiment of a triperiodic structure in accordance with the invention.
  • the elements 20 and 21 are assembled by means of rods which are, for example, four and are 90 angularly spaced. These rods extend through tubular passages 22 longitudinally disposed at the periphery of the elements 20 and 21.
  • At least one adjustable tuning plunger 23 is associated with each annular coupling cavity 6,- (FIG. 9), and at least two adjustable tuning plungers 24 and 25 are renetic wave being distributed within the structure in the manner indicated in FIG. 12.
  • This Zmnode biperiodic structure is better suited to accelerators of relatively low energy whereas mnode biperiodic structures and 21rmode triperiodic structures are better suited to high energy accelerators.
  • the efficiency of a structure is better if the length of the accelerator cavity is substantially equal to their radius; however this radius depends essentially upon the operating wavelength A.
  • BA instead of BA/Z as in the case of 11' mode biperiodic structures or 211' mode" triperiodic structures
  • the resonance frequency of the system formed by the accelerating cavities a,-, b,- and coupling cavities; 0, highly depends upon the coupling factor, and therefore upon the dimension of the coupling apertures s, I when said apertures s, I are arranged at the ends of the reentrant section of the annular cavity c,-. It is possible to remedy this drawback by arranging the coupling apertures S, t at the centre of the annular cavity 0, (FIG. 13'), as mentioned before.
  • Apertures .s' and I are therefore formed obliquely in the central zone of the wall 2 (FIG. 13) common to the accelerating cavities a,-, b,- and to the coupling cavity 0,- associated therewith, these apertures s and t, which re spectively couple the annular cavity c,- with the accelerating cavities a,- and b,-, being arranged on different radii making an angle with one another in order to avoid direct coupling between the two apertures s, t.
  • the dimensions of these apertures s and t arranged in the central zone of the annular cavity 0,- are not critical in so far as the resonance frequency of the accelerating structure is concerned. This makes it possible to adjust separately the frequency of the structure and the coupling between the cavities.
  • FIGS. and 16 respectively illustrate, in the case of a biperiodic structure operating in the 1r/2 mode, the variation of the resonance frequency of the structure as a function of the dimensions d d d of the coupling apertures s, t when these apertures are arranged at the ends of the annular cavity c,- (FIG. 15) and in the case where the apertures are arranged at the centre of said annular cavity c,-( FIG. 16).
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a biperiodic 211' mode" structure, the annular cavity c,- of which has three re-entrant portions.
  • the coupling apertures s and t are in this case arranged at either side of the central re-entrant portion and in different planes, in order to avoid direct coupling between the apertures s and t.
  • the particle accelerator structures in accordance with the invention can advantageously be utilised in linear electron or proton accelerators.
  • a linear structure for a linear accelerator comprising an input cavity and a plurality of successive pairs of accelerating cylindrical resonant cavities, means ineluding coupling apertures for coupling said pairs of cavities, means for coupling said cavities forming each said pair to each other comprising a plurality of annular cavities each coupled through apertures to one of said pairs of cavities, said annular coupling cavities arranged coaxially with said cylindrical resonant cavities and located at the periphery thereof; and means for feeding electromagnetic energy into said input cavity.
  • annular cavities have a section of re-entrant profile type.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US376584A 1972-07-07 1973-07-05 Multiperiodic accelerator structures for linear particle accelerators Expired - Lifetime US3906300A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7224746A FR2192435B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-07 1972-07-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3906300A true US3906300A (en) 1975-09-16

Family

ID=9101545

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US376584A Expired - Lifetime US3906300A (en) 1972-07-07 1973-07-05 Multiperiodic accelerator structures for linear particle accelerators

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3906300A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4963900A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1007747A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2334457C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2192435B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1429215A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4024426A (en) * 1973-11-30 1977-05-17 Varian Associates, Inc. Standing-wave linear accelerator
US4118652A (en) * 1975-02-03 1978-10-03 Varian Associates, Inc. Linear accelerator having a side cavity coupled to two different diameter cavities
US4118653A (en) * 1976-12-22 1978-10-03 Varian Associates, Inc. Variable energy highly efficient linear accelerator
US4146817A (en) * 1977-03-14 1979-03-27 Varian Associates, Inc. Standing wave linear accelerator and slotted waveguide hybrid junction input coupler
US4155027A (en) * 1977-05-09 1979-05-15 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited S-Band standing wave accelerator structure with on-axis couplers
FR2467526A1 (fr) * 1979-10-12 1981-04-17 Varian Associates Accelerateur lineaire a onde stationnaire et a energie variable
US4284922A (en) * 1978-09-06 1981-08-18 Emi-Varian Limited Linear beam microwave amplifier having section comprising three resonant coupled circuits two of which are resonant cavities which interact with the beam
FR2487627A1 (fr) * 1980-07-28 1982-01-29 Varian Associates Accelerateur de particules comportant plusieurs cavites resonnantes
FR2487628A1 (fr) * 1980-07-28 1982-01-29 Varian Associates Accelerateur de particules a cavites couplees
US4409519A (en) * 1981-07-29 1983-10-11 Varian Associates, Inc. TWT Slow-wave structure assembled from three ladder-like slabs
US4425529A (en) 1980-03-04 1984-01-10 C.G.R. Mev Charged-particle accelerating device for metric wave operation
US4651057A (en) * 1984-02-09 1987-03-17 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Standing-wave accelerator
US4733132A (en) * 1985-03-29 1988-03-22 Hitachi, Ltd. High energy accelerator
US4835446A (en) * 1987-09-23 1989-05-30 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. High field gradient particle accelerator
US5336972A (en) * 1992-07-17 1994-08-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy High brightness electron accelerator
US5412283A (en) * 1991-07-23 1995-05-02 Cgr Mev Proton accelerator using a travelling wave with magnetic coupling
US20130140454A1 (en) * 2010-05-11 2013-06-06 Dh Technologies Development Pte. Ltd. Ion lens for reducing contaminant effects in an ion guide of a mass spectrometer
US9671520B2 (en) 2014-02-07 2017-06-06 Euclid Techlabs, Llc Dielectric loaded particle accelerator
US10566169B1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2020-02-18 Nexgen Semi Holding, Inc. Method and device for spatial charged particle bunching
US11337298B2 (en) * 2020-08-31 2022-05-17 Chengdu Elekom Vacuum Electron Technology Co. Ltd Radio frequency electron accelerator for local frequency modulation and frequency modulation method thereof

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2337481A2 (fr) * 1975-12-31 1977-07-29 Cgr Mev Structures acceleratrices multiperiodiques pour accelerateurs lineaires de particules
JPS63141300A (ja) * 1986-12-02 1988-06-13 株式会社東芝 シンクロトロン加速装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2556978A (en) * 1948-10-07 1951-06-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Linear accelerator for charged particles
US2582186A (en) * 1945-11-14 1952-01-08 Gen Electric Co Ltd Apparatus for accelerating charged particles, especially electrons, to very high-velocity
US2785381A (en) * 1953-04-23 1957-03-12 Burton P Brown Electromagnetic wave filter
US3221204A (en) * 1961-11-20 1965-11-30 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling-wave tube with trap means for preventing oscillation at unwanted frequencies
US3221205A (en) * 1962-05-23 1965-11-30 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling-wave tube with trap means for preventing oscillation at unwanted frequencies
US3454817A (en) * 1966-12-08 1969-07-08 Varian Associates Coupled cavity high-frequency electron discharge device with means for reducing the q at undesired regions without overloading the q in the operating regions
US3546524A (en) * 1967-11-24 1970-12-08 Varian Associates Linear accelerator having the beam injected at a position of maximum r.f. accelerating field

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2582186A (en) * 1945-11-14 1952-01-08 Gen Electric Co Ltd Apparatus for accelerating charged particles, especially electrons, to very high-velocity
US2556978A (en) * 1948-10-07 1951-06-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Linear accelerator for charged particles
US2785381A (en) * 1953-04-23 1957-03-12 Burton P Brown Electromagnetic wave filter
US3221204A (en) * 1961-11-20 1965-11-30 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling-wave tube with trap means for preventing oscillation at unwanted frequencies
US3221205A (en) * 1962-05-23 1965-11-30 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling-wave tube with trap means for preventing oscillation at unwanted frequencies
US3454817A (en) * 1966-12-08 1969-07-08 Varian Associates Coupled cavity high-frequency electron discharge device with means for reducing the q at undesired regions without overloading the q in the operating regions
US3546524A (en) * 1967-11-24 1970-12-08 Varian Associates Linear accelerator having the beam injected at a position of maximum r.f. accelerating field

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4024426A (en) * 1973-11-30 1977-05-17 Varian Associates, Inc. Standing-wave linear accelerator
US4118652A (en) * 1975-02-03 1978-10-03 Varian Associates, Inc. Linear accelerator having a side cavity coupled to two different diameter cavities
US4122373A (en) * 1975-02-03 1978-10-24 Varian Associates, Inc. Standing wave linear accelerator and input coupling
US4118653A (en) * 1976-12-22 1978-10-03 Varian Associates, Inc. Variable energy highly efficient linear accelerator
US4146817A (en) * 1977-03-14 1979-03-27 Varian Associates, Inc. Standing wave linear accelerator and slotted waveguide hybrid junction input coupler
US4155027A (en) * 1977-05-09 1979-05-15 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited S-Band standing wave accelerator structure with on-axis couplers
US4284922A (en) * 1978-09-06 1981-08-18 Emi-Varian Limited Linear beam microwave amplifier having section comprising three resonant coupled circuits two of which are resonant cavities which interact with the beam
FR2467526A1 (fr) * 1979-10-12 1981-04-17 Varian Associates Accelerateur lineaire a onde stationnaire et a energie variable
US4286192A (en) * 1979-10-12 1981-08-25 Varian Associates, Inc. Variable energy standing wave linear accelerator structure
US4425529A (en) 1980-03-04 1984-01-10 C.G.R. Mev Charged-particle accelerating device for metric wave operation
FR2487627A1 (fr) * 1980-07-28 1982-01-29 Varian Associates Accelerateur de particules comportant plusieurs cavites resonnantes
FR2487628A1 (fr) * 1980-07-28 1982-01-29 Varian Associates Accelerateur de particules a cavites couplees
US4382208A (en) * 1980-07-28 1983-05-03 Varian Associates, Inc. Variable field coupled cavity resonator circuit
US4409519A (en) * 1981-07-29 1983-10-11 Varian Associates, Inc. TWT Slow-wave structure assembled from three ladder-like slabs
US4651057A (en) * 1984-02-09 1987-03-17 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Standing-wave accelerator
US4733132A (en) * 1985-03-29 1988-03-22 Hitachi, Ltd. High energy accelerator
US4835446A (en) * 1987-09-23 1989-05-30 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. High field gradient particle accelerator
US5412283A (en) * 1991-07-23 1995-05-02 Cgr Mev Proton accelerator using a travelling wave with magnetic coupling
US5336972A (en) * 1992-07-17 1994-08-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy High brightness electron accelerator
US10566169B1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2020-02-18 Nexgen Semi Holding, Inc. Method and device for spatial charged particle bunching
US11605522B1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2023-03-14 Nexgen Semi Holding, Inc. Method and device for spatial charged particle bunching
US20130140454A1 (en) * 2010-05-11 2013-06-06 Dh Technologies Development Pte. Ltd. Ion lens for reducing contaminant effects in an ion guide of a mass spectrometer
US9431228B2 (en) * 2010-05-11 2016-08-30 Dh Technologies Development Pte. Ltd. Ion lens for reducing contaminant effects in an ion guide of a mass spectrometer
US9671520B2 (en) 2014-02-07 2017-06-06 Euclid Techlabs, Llc Dielectric loaded particle accelerator
US11337298B2 (en) * 2020-08-31 2022-05-17 Chengdu Elekom Vacuum Electron Technology Co. Ltd Radio frequency electron accelerator for local frequency modulation and frequency modulation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2192435A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-08
FR2192435B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-01-16
GB1429215A (en) 1976-03-24
JPS4963900A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-20
DE2334457A1 (de) 1974-01-24
CA1007747A (fr) 1977-03-29
DE2334457C2 (de) 1984-02-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3906300A (en) Multiperiodic accelerator structures for linear particle accelerators
US4746839A (en) Side-coupled standing-wave linear accelerator
US4567401A (en) Wide-band distributed rf coupler
US4122373A (en) Standing wave linear accelerator and input coupling
US3546524A (en) Linear accelerator having the beam injected at a position of maximum r.f. accelerating field
US4162423A (en) Linear accelerators of charged particles
US3953758A (en) Multiperiodic linear accelerating structure
US3107313A (en) Velocity modulated electron tube with cathode means providing plural electron streams
US4827192A (en) Output circuit for klystron and klystron with an output circuit of this type
CA1087310A (en) Standing wave linear accelerator and slotted input coupler
US3423632A (en) Electron discharge device construction
GB1160006A (en) Microwave Linear Beam Tubes
US3176188A (en) Mixed lines crossed fields oscillator or amplifier
US3921027A (en) Microwave beam tube
US3611214A (en) Waveguide reflective harmonic filter
US3471738A (en) Periodic slow wave structure
US4621218A (en) Transverse field interaction multibeam amplifier
US3846664A (en) Coupled cavity travelling wave tubes
US3248597A (en) Multiple-beam klystron apparatus with periodic alternate capacitance loaded waveguide
GB1284455A (en) Impedance match for periodic microwave circuits and tubes using same
CA1082810A (en) Compact accelerating structure for a linear charged particle accelerator operating in the standing-wave mode
US3121821A (en) Slow wave structure for use in a magnetron
US3466576A (en) Impedance matched periodic slow wave structure
US4866343A (en) Re-entrant double-staggered ladder circuit
US3292239A (en) Method of manufacturing a multicavity electron beam tube, the tube comprising multiple resonator modules