US3905589A - Steel production method and apparatus - Google Patents

Steel production method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3905589A
US3905589A US238338A US23833872A US3905589A US 3905589 A US3905589 A US 3905589A US 238338 A US238338 A US 238338A US 23833872 A US23833872 A US 23833872A US 3905589 A US3905589 A US 3905589A
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United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
molten metal
tuyere
pipes
discharge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US238338A
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English (en)
Inventor
Eberhard G Schempp
Jai K Pearce
David L Schroeder
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Pennsylvania Engineering Corp
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Pennsylvania Engineering Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Pennsylvania Engineering Corp filed Critical Pennsylvania Engineering Corp
Priority to US238338A priority Critical patent/US3905589A/en
Priority to ZA731492A priority patent/ZA731492B/xx
Priority to GB1225573A priority patent/GB1421203A/en
Priority to HU73PE869A priority patent/HU174816B/hu
Priority to AU53580/73A priority patent/AU483058B2/en
Priority to IN652/CAL/73A priority patent/IN139245B/en
Priority to CA167,120A priority patent/CA1003645A/en
Priority to DD169712A priority patent/DD104557A5/xx
Priority to AR247260A priority patent/AR198975A1/es
Priority to BR732178A priority patent/BR7302178D0/pt
Priority to US05/577,526 priority patent/US4483709A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3905589A publication Critical patent/US3905589A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A metallurgical vessel having an energy source and in which molten metal is contained for processing.
  • a tuyere system is provided below the level of molten metal to permit the injection of gases, fluxes, ores, alloying additions and other materials to convert the molten metal tO steel.
  • silicon, manganese, carbon and other materials in the melt are oxidized.
  • the oxygen for this purpose may be provided in a number of ways, such as by an oxygen lance, the furnace atmosphere, the calcination of limestone or ox ides from alloying elements and/or ores which may be added to the furnace charge.
  • the melt is covered by an oxidizing slag which typically includes large percentages of oxides of ion, aluminum, magnesium, manganese and phosphorous.
  • it is generally the practice to deslag the melt by cutting off the power to the electrodes which are then raised, tilting the furnace and racking off the oxidizing slag through a slag door.
  • the furnace would then be charged with materials such as burnt lime, fluorspar, silicon, sand and powdered coke to form a reducing slag which would be maintained during the reducing period.
  • materials such as burnt lime, fluorspar, silicon, sand and powdered coke to form a reducing slag which would be maintained during the reducing period.
  • the disadvantages of the multi-slag electric arc furnace steel making process is that it is relatively lengthy and results in a high iron loss as the result of the deslagging operation.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a metallurgical apparatus capable of performing its intended functions more rapidly than conventional apparatus of the same type.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide metallurgical apparatus capable of greater flexibility than conventional apparatus.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide metallurgical apparatus which is more economical to operate than conventional apparatus.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a more efficient and economical method of processing molten metal.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustratesan electric arc furnace incorporating the instant invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the tuyere system of the furnace illus trated in FIG. 1 in greater detail
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an induction furnace incorporating the instant invention
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a holding furnace incorporating the instant invention
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates means for controlling the delivery of gases and other materials to the vessels shown in FIGS. 1-4.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric arc furnace l0 incorporating the tuyere system 1 1 according to the instant invention.
  • the furnace 10 includes a metallic shell 12 and a refractory lining 13.
  • the refractory lining would be composed of any suitable basic material, such as magnesite or high alumina brick.
  • the furnace 10 generally includes a cylindrical body portion 14, an arched roof l5 and a dished hearth 16.
  • a smoke hood, not shown, may be provided for venting gases and conducting the same to a gas cleaning apparatus (not shown).
  • One or more electrodes 17 extend through openings 18 formed in roof 16 for providing the heat energy input to the furnace, As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the number of electrodes will be determined by whether alternating or direct current energy is employed and whether the alternating current systems are single phases or polyphase.
  • the electrodes 17 are supported by a conventional support assembly (not shown) for moving the electrodes vertically relative to the hearth 16 and which generally include conventional electrode clamps (not shown) for conducting electrical energy to the electrodes 17.
  • Electric arc furnaces of the type illustrated are typically mounted for pivotal movement such as by means of the rocker 20 so that the furnace 10 may be pivoted in a first direction to discharge the molten metal bath 21 from a pouring spout 22 and in the opposite direction to discharge slag through a deslagging door 24 at the opposite side of the furnace 10.
  • the roof 15 of arc furnaces of the type illustrated in FIG. 1 are typically constructed and arranged to be lifted vertically by means of lugs 25 and swung laterally away from the furnace body to permit charging. At the same time, the electrodes 17 are raised by the mechanism 19 and similarly swung away from the furnace 10.
  • the furnace 10 is also provided with a tuyere system 1 l which may include a monolithic refractory member 26 formed, for example, from any suitable cast, rammed or brick refractory material.
  • the refractory member 26 is suitably received within an opening 27 formed in the hearth l6 and which is displaced off-center and toward the slag door 24 as seen in FIG. 1.
  • a metallic backup plate 28 may be suitably secured to the under side of refractory member 26 and may be simi larly received within an opening formed in the metallic outer shell 12.
  • a plurality of spaced-apart tuyere passages 29 are formed in refractory member 26 and plate 28 for receiving a plurality of metallic tuyere assemblies.
  • Each tuyere assembly includes a pair of concentricly spaced tuyere pipes 31 and 32 which are respectively coupled to manifold pipes 33 and 34. More specifically, the tuyere pipes 31 extend from manifold 33 and concentrically through the outer pipe 32 for conducting oxygen and entrained powdered material into the vessel.
  • Each of the outer pipes 32 are connected to and supported by a union 35 through which the pipes 31 also pass. The unions in turn are connected by pipes 36 to the manifold pipe 34 for conducting a hydrocarbon fluid to the outer tuyere 32.
  • the roof and electrodes 17 will normally be swung away from the body of the furnace andthe furnace charged, usually with scrap.
  • the roof 15 is then repositioned and the electrodes 18 are energized to commence the meltdown.
  • a molten bath begins to form in the hearth 16 at which time the blowing of the gases or other materials through the tuyere system 11 may commence.
  • This will usually take the form of oxygen or an oxygen containing gas provided through the inner pipes 31 while a hydrocarbon fluid, such as propane gas, is injected through the outer tuyere pipes 32 for the purpose of prolonging refractory life.
  • propane When an inert gas, such as argon or nitrogen is injected into the bath 22, for reasons which will be described more fully below, the propane will not be required so that the same inert gas will normally be injected through both tuyere pipes 31 and 32.
  • the blowing of oxygen and hydrocarbon gases may commence prior to or during the meltdown period whereby the oxidation of the hydrocarbon acts to preheat the scrap and thereby shorten the meltdown period.
  • the tuyere system 11 may be offset with respect to the center of the hearth 16 and one the side closest to the slag door 24 so that the tuyere pipes 31 and 32 will remain below the level of the bath 22 should it become necessary to tilt the vessel for deslagging.
  • the tuyeres may be located so that they would be above the bath level during deslagging and/or pouring to prolong tuyere life.
  • the tuyeres could be located near the rotational axis of the vessel for the latter purpose.
  • an oxidizing gas is introduced into the bath during the oxidation period, the oxidation of elements such as phosphorous, silicon, mangenese and carbon may proceed rapidly.
  • the use of oxygen further promotes a vigorous boiling action in the bath 22 to pro mote the desired reactions as well as mixing to promote homogeneity.
  • Desulphurization may be accomplished by the injection of powdered lime in the gas stream injected through inner tuyere pipe 31.
  • a mixture of oxygen and an inert gas such as argon may be fed into the bath through the tuyere system 11. The argon reduces the partial pressure of CO in the bath so that a greater reduction in the carbon level may be obtained.
  • the bath 22 may be reduced by the addition of suitable powdered materials such as lime, limestone, fluorspar or burnt lime and entrained in the gas stream through the tuyere system 11.
  • suitable powdered materials such as lime, limestone, fluorspar or burnt lime and entrained in the gas stream through the tuyere system 11.
  • a powdered car bonaceous material or a hydrocarbon gas can be introduced into the melt along with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen.
  • an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen.
  • oxygen would be introduced through the inner tuyere pipe 31 during this period and a hydrocarbon gas introduced through outer tuyere pipe 32.
  • the bath can be efficiently purged of hydrogen or nitrogen by the introduction of an inert gas such as argon.
  • bath temperature can be closely controlled either by the introduction of oxygen to increase temperature, or coolants such as lime or iron ore entrained in an inert carrier gas, such as argon.
  • coolants such as lime or iron ore entrained in an inert carrier gas, such as argon.
  • the use of the tuyere system 11 in the arc furnace 10 substantially reduces the operating time required because the various chemical reactions are facilitated by the introduction of oxidizing and reducing materials through the bath rather than relying on the interaction between the bath and the slag.
  • the desired chemical reactions are also promoted as a result of the mixing action caused by the introduction of gases through tuyere system l 1.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an induction furnace 60.
  • furnace includes an outer metallic shell 61 and a refractory lining 62.
  • a generally annular induction coil 63 may be embedded in the lining 62 and in a generally surrounding relation to the inner chamber 64 of furnace 60.
  • a tuyere assembly 11b is disposed in the lower end of the furnace 60 and may be identical to that shown in FIG. 2 and accordingly will not be discussed in detail for the sake of brevity.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a holding furnace which includes a metallic shell 71 and a refractory lining 72.
  • Furnace 70 may be provided with a hot metal receiving spout 73 and a pouring spout 74.
  • the furnace 70 normally receives hot metal 76 from a melting furnace, not shown, through pouring spout 73.
  • the metal 76 is retained in furnace 70 until needed at which time the furnace is pivoted by means (not shown) which tilts the furnace about an axis normal to the plane of FIG. 4 for discharging metal 76 through pouring spout 76 and into a mold or tundish, for example.
  • a heat source such as graphite rod 75 may be provided.
  • the rod 75 will be connected to and which heat is radi- Normally, metallurgical reaction s 'are jr'iot"performed in the holding furnace 70.
  • the tuyere system llc may be'identical to that shown in FIG. 2 and will not be discussed in detail for the sake of brevity.
  • the method for controlling the delivery of gases and powdered materials to the various vessels 10, 50, 60 or 70 may be substantially identical. Accordingly, such apparatus will be discussed solely with respect to vessel for the sake of brevity.
  • Powdered materials may be delivered consecutively or concurrently to tuyere system 11 through header pipes 82 and 83 which are connected to pipe 36 for furnishing the powdered materials.
  • the powdered materials are, of course, entrained in whatever gas or gases that are being blown into vessel 10 at a particular time. It is necessary to mix the powdered material from a vessel such as 80 with entraining gas in definite proportion.
  • a vessel 81 for instance, is provided with a mixing device 84, the details of which are not shown, but are well known in the art.
  • the device 84 may be of the type which withdraws powdered material from vessel 80 and injects it into the gas stream.
  • the device 84 may be operated by motive means 85 with a controller 86.
  • the controller may be responsive to input signals from any suitable control source, as symbolized by the short arrowhead line 87.
  • Mixing device 84 and 84 are associated with each pressure vessel 80 and 81, respectively, and each is connected to as many sources of gas as might be blown in a particular installation.
  • a source of oxygen which is labeled 0 oxygen may be delivered from a header 88 through a branch pipe 89, a remotely controllable valve 90 and a pipe 91 to mixing device 84.
  • These control signals may be provided from any suitable control equipment (not shown).
  • control valves may also be interposed between mixing device 84 and the sources of other gases.
  • controllable valve 90 connected between an air source and mixing device 84, is shown for the sake of brevity.
  • the other pressure vessels LII such as 80, containing powdered materials.may also be supplied with these various gases through suitable pipes and valves, not shown.
  • the various gases may also-be fed selectively into vessel 10 directly without entraining solid material if desired
  • the oxygen line, for ihstance connects through remotely controllable'valve 93 to gas header 88 which feeds through remotely controllable valve 94 to input pipe 36 and to tuyere system 11 at the bottom of vessel 10.
  • Remote valves 95 and 96 for preventing reverse flow are also provided and there are also several valves 98-101 for variously directing and regulating gas flow.
  • remote controllable valve, 102 and directional regulating valves 103-106 are provided to regulate and control the flow of various gases to the input pipe 33 of the second tuyere system IL-Hydrocarbon gas may be provided to pipe 33 through valve 102 and 107. Extending from each of the remote controlled valves is an arrow which symbolizes, as in re spect to the previously discusses valves, that they are subject to control.
  • the use of the tuyere system in the metallurgical .vessels 10, 50, 60 or according to the invention permits the more accurate performance of the desired metallurgical processed and economizes in fuel and electrical energy. Further, the stirring action of the introduction of gasthrough the bath'promotes chemical reactions and a more homogeneous metal. This greater facility'of chemical reactions and the heat generated as a result of the oxidation promoted by the introduction of oxygen, substantially shortens the required treatment periods. In addition, the use of the tuyere system 11 permits the performance of metallurgical processing in vessels not heretofore employed for this purpose.
  • Apparatus for treating ferrous metal including,
  • a refractory lined vessel for receiving a quantity of said metal, said vessel having side walls, a removable cover having apertures formed therein and a shallow bottom constructed and arranged to receive molten metal, a plurality of tuyere means extending through said refractory lining and including a first tuyere pipe and a second tuyere pipe spaced from and surrounding said first tuyere pipe, each of said tuyere pipes having a discharge end adjacent the bottom of said vessel and opening into said vessel beneath the level of metal disposed therein for injecting process gases beneath said molten metal,
  • a molten metal discharge opening formed in said refractory lining and on one side of a plane containing the pivotal axis of said vessel for discharging molten metal from said vessel when the latter is pivoted about said axis
  • a slag discharge opening formed in said refractory lining and disposed on the other side of said plane so that molten metal may be poured from said vessel when it' is pivoted toward said one side and slag removed when it is pivoted toward said other side,
  • each of said tuyere pipes being disposed on said other side of said plane whereby the discharge ends of all of said tuyere pipes remain below the level of molten metal when said vessel is tilted toward said other side for slag removal and when said vessel is in an untilted position, and said discharge ends of all of said tuyere pipes being above the level of molten metal when said vessel is tilted toward said one side to discharge molten metal from said molten metal discharge opening.
  • a first one of said fluid sources is oxygen and a second one of said fluid sources if a hydrocarbon shielding fluid, means for respectively coupling said first and second fluid sources to said first and second tuyere pipes,
  • Apparatus for treating ferrous metal including,
  • a refractory lined vessel having side walls and a bottom constructed and arranged to receive a quantity of molten metal
  • a tuyere including a first tuyere pipe and a second tuyere pipe surrounding said first tuyere pipe and spaced therefrom, each of said tuyere pipes, extending entirely through said refractory lining and having discharge ends opening into said vessel and located adjacent the bottom of said vessel and beneath the level ofmolten metal when a quantity of the latter is disposed therein.
  • heating means disposed within said vessel for heating said molten metal
  • molten metal discharge opening formed in said refractory lining and one side of a plane containing the pivotal axis of said vessel for discharging molten metal from said vessel when the latter is pivoted about said axis
  • a slag discharge opening formed in said refractory lining and disposed on the other side of said plane so that molten metal may be poured from said vessel when it is pivoted toward said one side and slag removed when it is pivoted toward said other side,
  • the inner ends of said tuyere pipes being disposed on said other side of said plane whereby their discharge ends remain below the level of molten metal when said vessel is tilted toward said other side for slag removal and when said vessel is in an untilted position, and said inner ends of said tuyere pipes being above the level of molten metal when said vessel is tilted toward said one side to discharge molten metal from said molten metal discharge opening.
  • said vessel includes side walls; a shallow hearth and a removable cover, said heating means comprising electrode means, said cover having an opening formed therein for receiving said electrode means, and means for positioning an end of said electrode means relative to the molten metal in said vessel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US238338A 1972-03-27 1972-03-27 Steel production method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3905589A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US238338A US3905589A (en) 1972-03-27 1972-03-27 Steel production method and apparatus
ZA731492A ZA731492B (en) 1972-03-27 1973-03-05 Steel production method and apparatus
GB1225573A GB1421203A (en) 1972-03-27 1973-03-14 Steel production method and apparatus
HU73PE869A HU174816B (hu) 1972-03-27 1973-03-16 Method and apparatus for producing steelsposob i oborudovanie dlja poluchenija stali
AU53580/73A AU483058B2 (en) 1972-03-27 1973-03-21 Steel production method and apparatus
IN652/CAL/73A IN139245B (pt) 1972-03-27 1973-03-22
CA167,120A CA1003645A (en) 1972-03-27 1973-03-26 Steel production method and apparatus
DD169712A DD104557A5 (pt) 1972-03-27 1973-03-26
AR247260A AR198975A1 (es) 1972-03-27 1973-03-27 Aparato para tratar metal ferroso y metodo para llevarlo a cabo
BR732178A BR7302178D0 (pt) 1972-03-27 1973-03-27 Aparelho para tratar metal ferroso e processo para tratar aparelho para tratar metal ferroso e processo para tratar metal fundido metal fundido
US05/577,526 US4483709A (en) 1972-03-27 1975-05-14 Steel production method

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US238338A US3905589A (en) 1972-03-27 1972-03-27 Steel production method and apparatus

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US05/577,526 Division US4483709A (en) 1972-03-27 1975-05-14 Steel production method

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AR (1) AR198975A1 (pt)
BR (1) BR7302178D0 (pt)
CA (1) CA1003645A (pt)
DD (1) DD104557A5 (pt)
GB (1) GB1421203A (pt)
HU (1) HU174816B (pt)
IN (1) IN139245B (pt)
ZA (1) ZA731492B (pt)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4032704A (en) * 1974-09-20 1977-06-28 Asea Aktiebolag Method and apparatus for treating a metal melt
US4106758A (en) * 1976-06-16 1978-08-15 Creusot-Loire Enterprises Converters for refining metals
US4592066A (en) * 1984-02-02 1986-05-27 Italimpianti-Societa Italiana Impianti P.A. Conductive bottom for direct current electric arc furnaces
US4796277A (en) * 1986-04-08 1989-01-03 Union Carbide Corporation Melting furnace for melting metal
US4827486A (en) * 1986-08-27 1989-05-02 Klockner Cra Technologie Gmbh Process for increasing the energy input in electric arc furnaces
US4858894A (en) * 1988-06-30 1989-08-22 Labate M D Stirring block with unidirectional grain structure having improved erosion resistance
FR2647121A1 (fr) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-23 Radex Heraklith Bloc d'insufflation en ceramique refractaire et procede pour insuffler des gaz de traitement dans un receptacle de masse metallurgique fondue
WO1992002325A1 (en) * 1990-07-31 1992-02-20 Industrial Maintenance And Contract Services Limited Partnership Slag control method and apparatus
US5173244A (en) * 1990-07-31 1992-12-22 Industrial Maintenance And Contract Services Limited Partnership Slag control apparatus and method
US5240231A (en) * 1990-07-31 1993-08-31 Industrial Maintenance And Contract Services Limited Partnership Slag control system
US5375818A (en) * 1990-07-31 1994-12-27 Industrial Maintenance And Contrace Services Limited Partnership Slag control method and apparatus
US6038246A (en) * 1997-02-26 2000-03-14 Nkk Steel Engineering, Inc. Method and apparatus for operating a furnace
US20110194583A1 (en) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-11 Yinghe Li Shaft High Temperature Continuous Graphitizing Furnace
US20140247856A1 (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-09-04 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Slag-supplying container for use in electric furnace for reduction processing of steel-making slag
WO2018098817A1 (en) 2016-12-02 2018-06-07 Tenova S.P.A. Convertible metallurgical furnace and modular metallurgical plant comprising said furnace for conducting production processes for the production of metals in the molten state, in particualr steel or cast iron

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8609063D0 (en) * 1986-04-14 1986-05-21 British Steel Corp Injection elements for melt containing vessels

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US2528571A (en) * 1948-05-22 1950-11-07 Nat Supply Co Electric tilting furnace
US3246889A (en) * 1961-05-16 1966-04-19 Mc Graw Edison Co Apparatus for degassing metals
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US707776A (en) * 1901-08-21 1902-08-26 Electro Metallurg Francaise Soc Oscillating electric furnace.
US1031257A (en) * 1909-10-25 1912-07-02 Albert E Greene Process and apparatus for extracting and refining metals and alloys.
US1070337A (en) * 1909-11-12 1913-08-12 American Electric Smelting And Engineering Company Electric furnace.
US1078619A (en) * 1911-01-23 1913-11-18 Albert E Greene Electric furnace.
US1763248A (en) * 1928-06-19 1930-06-10 Pittsburgh Res Corp Electric furnace method
US2528571A (en) * 1948-05-22 1950-11-07 Nat Supply Co Electric tilting furnace
US3246889A (en) * 1961-05-16 1966-04-19 Mc Graw Edison Co Apparatus for degassing metals
US3330645A (en) * 1962-08-07 1967-07-11 Air Liquide Method and article for the injection of fluids into hot molten metal
US3382912A (en) * 1964-11-18 1968-05-14 John Mohr And Sons Apparatus for conserving heat, degassing and casting molten metal
US3443806A (en) * 1966-08-10 1969-05-13 Air Liquide Method of using induction furnaces
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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4032704A (en) * 1974-09-20 1977-06-28 Asea Aktiebolag Method and apparatus for treating a metal melt
US4106758A (en) * 1976-06-16 1978-08-15 Creusot-Loire Enterprises Converters for refining metals
US4592066A (en) * 1984-02-02 1986-05-27 Italimpianti-Societa Italiana Impianti P.A. Conductive bottom for direct current electric arc furnaces
US4796277A (en) * 1986-04-08 1989-01-03 Union Carbide Corporation Melting furnace for melting metal
US4827486A (en) * 1986-08-27 1989-05-02 Klockner Cra Technologie Gmbh Process for increasing the energy input in electric arc furnaces
US4858894A (en) * 1988-06-30 1989-08-22 Labate M D Stirring block with unidirectional grain structure having improved erosion resistance
FR2647121A1 (fr) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-23 Radex Heraklith Bloc d'insufflation en ceramique refractaire et procede pour insuffler des gaz de traitement dans un receptacle de masse metallurgique fondue
WO1992002325A1 (en) * 1990-07-31 1992-02-20 Industrial Maintenance And Contract Services Limited Partnership Slag control method and apparatus
US5173244A (en) * 1990-07-31 1992-12-22 Industrial Maintenance And Contract Services Limited Partnership Slag control apparatus and method
US5173243A (en) * 1990-07-31 1992-12-22 Industrial Maintenance And Contract Services Limited Partnership Slag control method and apparatus
US5240231A (en) * 1990-07-31 1993-08-31 Industrial Maintenance And Contract Services Limited Partnership Slag control system
US5375818A (en) * 1990-07-31 1994-12-27 Industrial Maintenance And Contrace Services Limited Partnership Slag control method and apparatus
US6038246A (en) * 1997-02-26 2000-03-14 Nkk Steel Engineering, Inc. Method and apparatus for operating a furnace
US20110194583A1 (en) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-11 Yinghe Li Shaft High Temperature Continuous Graphitizing Furnace
US8891584B2 (en) * 2010-02-10 2014-11-18 Miluo Xinxiang Carbon Products Co., Ltd Shaft high temperature continuous graphitizing furnace
US20140247856A1 (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-09-04 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Slag-supplying container for use in electric furnace for reduction processing of steel-making slag
US9217185B2 (en) 2012-06-27 2015-12-22 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Method of reduction processing of steel-making slag
US9238846B2 (en) 2012-06-27 2016-01-19 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Reduction processing apparatus for steel-making slag and reduction processing system for steel-making slag
US9534266B2 (en) * 2012-06-27 2017-01-03 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Slag-supplying container for use in electric furnace for reduction processing of steel-making slag
WO2018098817A1 (en) 2016-12-02 2018-06-07 Tenova S.P.A. Convertible metallurgical furnace and modular metallurgical plant comprising said furnace for conducting production processes for the production of metals in the molten state, in particualr steel or cast iron
CN110139937A (zh) * 2016-12-02 2019-08-16 特诺恩股份公司 用于进行生产熔融态金属特别是钢或铸铁的生产过程的可转化冶金炉和包括所述炉的模块化冶金设备
EP3548640A4 (en) * 2016-12-02 2020-05-06 Tenova S.p.A. CONVERTIBLE METALLURGICAL OVEN AND MODULAR METALLURGICAL INSTALLATION COMPRISING SAID OVEN FOR CONDUCTING PRODUCTION PROCESSES IN ELABORATION OF MOLTEN METALS, IN PARTICULAR STEEL OR CAST IRON
US11391515B2 (en) 2016-12-02 2022-07-19 Tenova S.P.A. Convertible metallurgical furnace and modular metallurgical plant comprising said furnace for conducting production processes for the production of metals in the molten state, in particular steel or cast iron
EP3548640B1 (en) 2016-12-02 2022-09-21 Tenova S.p.A. Convertible metallurgical furnace and modular metallurgical plant comprising said furnace for conducting production processes for the production of metals in the molten state, in particualr steel or cast iron

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GB1421203A (en) 1976-01-14
IN139245B (pt) 1976-05-22
HU174816B (hu) 1980-03-28
BR7302178D0 (pt) 1974-06-27
AU5358073A (en) 1974-09-26
AR198975A1 (es) 1974-07-31
DD104557A5 (pt) 1974-03-12
ZA731492B (en) 1973-12-19
CA1003645A (en) 1977-01-18

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