US3904394A - Cold transport line - Google Patents

Cold transport line Download PDF

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Publication number
US3904394A
US3904394A US404360A US40436073A US3904394A US 3904394 A US3904394 A US 3904394A US 404360 A US404360 A US 404360A US 40436073 A US40436073 A US 40436073A US 3904394 A US3904394 A US 3904394A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
shield
tape
jacket
tubes
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US404360A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gijsbert Prast
Marten Willem Schuiteman
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
    • F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/141—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems in which the temperature of the medium is below that of the ambient temperature

Definitions

  • a flexible cold transport line comprises cold transport medium tubes made of a synthetic material which are suspended, by way of flexible wires, from an enveloping radiation shield which is in thermal contact with two cooling medium tubes situated outside the radiation shield; other flexible wires suspend these cooling medium tubes together with the radiation shield inside a flexible bellows which serves as a vacuum jacket.
  • the invention relates to a cold transport line, comprising two adjacently extending cold transport medium tubes, a radiation shield which envelops both cold transport medium tubes and which is maintained at a distance therefrom, two cooling medium tubes which extend adjacent to the radiation shield and which are situated on the outside of the radiation shield and are in thermal contact therewith, and a vacuum jacket which envelops the radiation shield and the two cooling medium tubes and which is maintained at a distance therefrom.
  • a cold transport line of the kind which is the subject of the present invention is known as appears from FIG. 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,364,687.
  • high-pressure helium flows through the cold transport medium tubes which exchanges heat on the one side with a liquid helium bath and on the other side with an object to be cooled, while liquid nitrogen is transported through the cooling medium tubes for cooling the radiation shield around the cold transport medium tubes of lower temperature.
  • cold transport medium tubes In known cold transport lines of the relevant kind, the cold transport medium tubes, the radiation shield, the cooling medium tubes and the vacuum jacket are rigid components which are held at a distance from each other by spacers.
  • Cold transport lines of this kind are usually made of metal pipes, usually steel or copper. Because of its low expansion coefficient. Invar is sometimes also used for the cold transport medium tubes.
  • the rigid cold transport lines are difficult to handle in practice and their freedom of movement is very limited. Moreover, vibrations originating from the cold source (for example, a refrigerator) and shocks are very liable to be transferred, via the rigid cold transport line, to the object to be cooled (for example, a measuring instrument such as an infrared cell), thus exerting a disturbing effect.
  • the cold source for example, a refrigerator
  • shocks are very liable to be transferred, via the rigid cold transport line, to the object to be cooled (for example, a measuring instrument such as an infrared cell), thus exerting a disturbing effect.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a cold transport line of the kind set forth which, while maintaining simplicity of construction, is completely flexible. Consequently, this transport line can be manufactured in large lengths in factory production, offers a very large freedom of arrangement in cryogenic applications, has small diametrical dimensions and a comparatively light weight, has minimum cold losses and is capable of resisting high medium pressures in the cold transport medium tubes and cooling medium tubes without additional provisions being required.
  • the cold transport line according to the invention is characterized in that the cold transport medium tubes, the radiation shield and the cooling medium tubes within the vacuum jacket which is constructed as a flexible bellows, are made of a synthetic material.
  • the cold transport medium tubes is locally suspended from the radiation shield by way of flexible wires or bands of a material of low heat conductivity; the radiation shield with the cooling medium tubes is suspended, by way of flexible wires or bands of a material of low heat conductivity, from support ringswhich are locally arranged to be coaxial inside the flexible bellows and which have an outer diameter which is at least substantially equal to the inner diameter of the bellows.
  • Inherent characteristics of such bellows include the variable axial length dimension and flexibility in bending along the axis.
  • the cold transport medium tubes, the cooling medium tubes and the flexible wires or bands are made of nylon.
  • Nylon having a high mechanical strength is thus capable of resisting high pressure forces exerted by high-pressure medium in the cold transport medium tubes and cooling medium tubes.
  • nylon can readily take up the tensile forces exerted on the nylon wires or bands as a result of the suspension.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the cold transport line according to the invention is characterized in that the radiation shield is made of polytetrafluoroethene.
  • Polytetrafluoroethene offers the advantage that it has a high mechanical strength and discharges little gas, with the result that during the cooling3of the cold transport line, during which the vacuum jacket is evacuated, the radiation screen does not release gaseous impurities which disturb the vacuum and which stimulate heat leak-in by radiation.
  • the radiation shield is made of polyethylene, which has a high mechanical strength and also discharges little gas.
  • the radiation shield of synthetic material having a comparatively low heat conductivity is cooled by the two cooling medium tubes of synthetic material.
  • the radiation shield according to the invention contacts each of the two cooling medium tubes by way of at least one connection of a properly heat-conductive material.
  • a properly heat-conductive contact paste for example, a paste containing aluminium powder
  • metal tape for example, copper foil or aluminium foil
  • the wrapping with metal tape is attractive in view of its simplicity.
  • the nylon cooling medium tubes shrink more than the metal tape due to the cooling of the cold transport line. The risk is high that the nylon tubes then become loose with respect to the metal foil envelope, so that proper thermal contact is no longer ensured.
  • a metal tape is wrapped about the assembly of radiation shield and an engaging cooling medium tube, the cooling medium tube which is situated outside the tape envelope exerting a pressure force on the tape envelope at the area of a change-over from the radiation shield to the engaging cooling medium tube.
  • the pressure force can be obtained by means of the nylon suspension wires which are locally wound about the assembly of radiation shield and the two cooling medium tubes. It is thus achieved that, regardless of the comparatively large shrinkage of the nylon cooling medium tubes, the metal tape envelope always remains tensioned and in proper thermal contact with the two cooling medium tubes.
  • a ribbon of a radiation-reflective material is wrapped about the assembly of the metal tape envelope and the cooling medium tube which is situated outside this envelope, for example, a ribbon of a synthetic material which is aluminized on the surface which faces the flexible bellows or on both surfaces. This reduces cold losses caused by radiation.
  • the metal tape for example, of copper foil or aluminium foil
  • the protective layer ensures that the radiation-reflective ribbon is approxi mately protected.
  • the material of the protective layer should preferably not harden at the low operating temperature. Favourable materials in this respect are, for example, medical gauze and nylon foil.
  • a band of radiation-reflective material is wound about the cold transport medium tubes, this band being made, for example, of a synthetic material, its surface facing the radiation shield or both its surfaces being aluminized. This means a further reduction of cold losses caused by radiation.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the cold transport line according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2a is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of the coupling of a flexible tube of synthetic material to a connection tube having rigid walls.
  • FIG. 2b is a cross-sectional view at the area of the line IIbIIb of FIG. 2a.
  • the reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1 denotes a cold transport line including two cold transport medium tubes 2 enveloped at a distance by a radiation shield 3 of polytetrafluoroethane.
  • a radiation shield 3 Arranged on the outer side of radiation shield 3 are two nylon cooling medium tubes 4 which are in thermal contact with radiation shield 3.
  • Radiation shield 3 and the two cooling medium tubes 4 are enveloped at a distance by stainless steel flexible bellows 5 as a vacuum jacket, while means that the space inside the flexible bellows 5 can be vacuum pumped.
  • the nylon cold transport medium tubes 2 are locally suspended from the radiation shield 3 by means of nylon wires 6 which are wrapped about these tubes over a part of their length.
  • the suspension is such that the central position of the two cold transport medium tubes 2 with respect to the radiation shield 3 is maintained.
  • the radiation shield 3 is suspended, together with the cooling medium tubes 4, by way of nylon bands 7 from aluminium support rings 8, a number of which are ar-. 'ranged, distributed over the length of the cold transport line 1, to be coaxial within flexible bellows 5.
  • the outer diameter of support ring 8 is substantially equal to the inner diameter of flexible bellows 5. Consequently, the support ring has a tight fit inside the bellows and no further fixing means are required.
  • One of the two cooling medium tubes 4 permanently engages the radiation shield 3, via a contact layer 9 of heatconductive material, i.e., a paste containing aluminium powder.
  • a tape 10 of copper foil is wrapped around the assembly of said cooling medium tube and radiation shield.
  • the other cooling medium tube is arranged at one of the two locations where the tape envelope changes over from the radiation shield to the permanently engaging cooling medium tube and presses against the tape envelope at thisarea.
  • the heat-conductive layer 9 and the copper foil tape ensure proper thermal contact between the cooling medium tubes 4 and the radiation shield 3 to be cooled.
  • the nylon cooling medium tubes 4 shrink more than copper foil 10. The proper thermal contact between the cooling medium tubes and the radiation shield, however, is maintained.
  • the cooling medium tube which is situated outside the envelope of copper foil tape then presses the envelope inwards, with the result that the latter continues to engage both the radiation shield 3 and the cooling medium tube inside the envelope.
  • a radiation-reflective ribbon 11 consisting of a foil of the synthetic material known as Mylar having an aluminium outer surface, is wrapped around the assembly of the copper foil tape envelope l0 and the cooling medium tube 4 which is situated outside this envelope.
  • aluminized Mylar ribbon 11 Present between the aluminized Mylar ribbon 11 and the copper foil 10 is a layer of gauze 12 which prevents the Mylar from being damaged by the sharp edges of the copper foil. Cold losses due to radiation can be further reduced by wrapping also the two cold transport medium tubes 2 with a radiation-reflective band 13 of aluminized Mylar.
  • the described cold transport line has been constructed and tested with favorable results.
  • the length of the line was 10 metres and the outer diameter 75 mm.
  • the nylon cold transport medium tubes had an inner diameter of 5 mm and an outer diameter of 7 mm.
  • the outer diameter of the polytetrafluoroethene radiation shield was 28 mm and its wall thickness 2 mm.
  • the outer diameter of the cooling medium tubes was 8 mm; the wall thickness also was 2 mm.
  • the two cold transport medium tubes were suspended from the radiation shield every cm, while the distance between the aluminium rings from which the assembly of radiation shield and cooling medium tubes was suspended was 40
  • FIG. 2 shows how an end 20 of one of the four nylon tubes (cold transport medium tubes and cooling medium tubes) is coupled to a steel connection tube 21.
  • connection tube 21 is passed out through rigid end wall 24 of flexible bellows 5.
  • a cold transport line comprising first tube means for cold transport medium, a radiation shield surrounding said first tube means with a first annular space defined between said shield and first tube means, first flexible wire means of low heat-conductivity engaging and suspending said first tube means within said shield, second tube means for cooling medium situated outside and parallel to said shield and in thermal contact therewith, a vacuum jacket formed as a flexible tubular bellows surrounding said shield with a second annular space defined between said jacket and shield, second flexible wire means of low heat-conductivity engaging and suspending said shield within said jacket, said first and second tube means, radiation shield and jacket made of synthetic material, and sealing means closing the ends of said jacket about said first and second tube means and shield for defining said vacuum space therein.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a plurality of axially spaced-apart rings fixedly positioned generally concentrically within said bellows, said second flexible wire means engaging said rings and said shield.
  • said sealing means comprises a wall closing each end of said bellows, each wall including apertures corresponding to said first and second tube means, and a connection tube secured in each aperture with one end of the connection tube engaging one end of one of said tube means.
  • said radiation shield is made of polytetrafluoroethene.
  • said second tube means comprises first and second tubes, the first tube being in thermal contact with said shield, and heat conducting tape wrapped around and enveloping said first tube and shield with a portion of said tape extending between said first tube and said shield, said second tube situated parallel to said first tube, outside said tape, and means urging said second tube inwardly against said portion of tape, and thereby maintaining this tape in tension despite shrinkage of the tubes during transport of cold medium therethrough.
  • Apparatus according to claim 7 further comprising a layer of radiation reflective ribbon wrapped around and enveloping said first and second tubes and tape.
  • a cold transport line comprising first tube means for cold transport medium, a radiation shield surrounding said first tube means with a first annular space defined between said shield and first tube means, first flexible wire means of low heat-conductivity engaging and suspending said first tube means within said shield, second tube means comprising first and second tubes for cooling medium situated outside and parallel to said shield, with the first tube in thermal contact with said shield and heat conducting tape wrapped around and enveloping said first tube and shield with a portion of said tape extending between said first tube and said shield, said second tube situated parallel to said first tube and outside said tape, and means urging said second tube inwardly against said portion of tape and thereby maintaining this tape in tension despite shrinkage of the tubes during transport of cold medium there through, a tubular vacuum jacket surrounding said shield with a second annular space defined between said jacket and shield, second flexible wire means of low heat-conductivity engaging and suspending said shield within said jacket, said first and second tube means, radiation shield and jacket made of synthetic material, and sealing means closing the ends of said jacket about said first and second tube means and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
US404360A 1972-10-21 1973-10-09 Cold transport line Expired - Lifetime US3904394A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7214296A NL7214296A (hu) 1972-10-21 1972-10-21

Publications (1)

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US3904394A true US3904394A (en) 1975-09-09

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US404360A Expired - Lifetime US3904394A (en) 1972-10-21 1973-10-09 Cold transport line

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US (1) US3904394A (hu)
JP (1) JPS5219339B2 (hu)
CA (1) CA982502A (hu)
CH (1) CH569225A5 (hu)
DE (1) DE2349550C2 (hu)
FR (1) FR2203959B1 (hu)
GB (1) GB1451093A (hu)
NL (1) NL7214296A (hu)
SE (1) SE392519B (hu)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4194536A (en) * 1976-12-09 1980-03-25 Eaton Corporation Composite tubing product
US4233816A (en) * 1979-08-08 1980-11-18 Pennwalt Corporation Cryogenic fluid transfer line
US4492090A (en) * 1983-09-19 1985-01-08 General Electric Company Cryostat for NMR magnet
US4516405A (en) * 1984-06-15 1985-05-14 General Electric Company Supporting tie configuration for cryostat for cold shipment of NMR magnet
US4777807A (en) * 1986-09-09 1988-10-18 Oxford Magnet Technology Limited Cryostat assembly
US5307639A (en) * 1991-09-20 1994-05-03 L'air Liquid Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Transfer line for cryogenic fluid
US5385026A (en) * 1993-03-04 1995-01-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Apparatus for supporting a cryogenic fluid containment system within an enclosure
US5440888A (en) * 1993-06-08 1995-08-15 Gec Alsthom Electromecanique Sa Apparatus for transferring liquid helium between two devices at different potentials
US6094922A (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-08-01 Ziegler; Alex R. Vacuum-insulated refrigerant line for allowing a vaccum chamber system with water-vapor cryocoil compressor to be locatable outside cleanroom
US6354090B1 (en) * 1999-01-12 2002-03-12 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Transfer line for cryogenic fluid and its use for the transfer of liquid helium
WO2002046658A1 (de) * 2000-12-06 2002-06-13 Kraftanlagen Nukleartechnik Gmbh Thermalschild für flüssig-helium-versorgungssysteme, insbesondere für teilchenbeschleunigeranlagen
EP0949444A3 (de) * 1998-04-09 2003-01-22 Semperit Aktiengesellschaft Holding Flexibler kryogener Schlauch
US6647733B2 (en) 2001-10-26 2003-11-18 Thomas L. Cooper Dry air injection system
US20040144438A1 (en) * 2003-01-24 2004-07-29 Thompson Alvin Dean Heated drain line apparatus
WO2005013329A2 (en) * 2003-07-28 2005-02-10 St. Clair Systems, Inc. Thermal inner tube
WO2015184520A1 (pt) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-10 Oliveira Murilo Pessoa De Dispositivo mecânico de alto rendimento para ramais de aquecimento
EP3147551A1 (de) * 2015-09-28 2017-03-29 Nexans Flexible rohrleitung
US20170159871A1 (en) * 2013-11-26 2017-06-08 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour I'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Support element, corresponding cryogenic fluid circuit and corresponding method
CN109764193A (zh) * 2019-01-09 2019-05-17 吴宁 一种具备高效热防护结构的橡胶油管及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7605960A (nl) * 1975-07-01 1977-01-04 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Pijpleiding voor het transport van vloeibare of gasvormige, gekoelde media.
DE2529259A1 (de) * 1975-07-01 1977-01-27 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Rohrleitung zum transport von fluessigen oder gasfoermigen, gekuehlten medien
DE2918144A1 (de) * 1979-05-05 1980-11-13 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Waermeisoliertes einzelrohr, rohrbuendel oder rohrbuendelkabel
DE3934256A1 (de) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-19 Architektur Bauwesen Hochschul Biegbares, waermegedaemmtes mantelrohrbauteil
EP2982898B1 (de) * 2014-08-08 2017-05-17 Nexans Flexible Rohrleitung

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US3431347A (en) * 1966-06-24 1969-03-04 Siemens Ag Cryostats for low-temperature cables
US3512581A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-05-19 British Insulated Callenders Cryogenic devices
US3529071A (en) * 1967-04-29 1970-09-15 Siemens Ag Superconducting cable for transmitting high electrical currents
US3595982A (en) * 1967-12-20 1971-07-27 Siemens Ag Supercounducting alternating current cable
US3780205A (en) * 1971-08-23 1973-12-18 M Aupoix Thermal insulation device for a very low-temperature line

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US3240234A (en) * 1960-02-24 1966-03-15 Union Carbide Corp Hose for low-temperature liquids
US3191975A (en) * 1960-04-20 1965-06-29 Aeroquip Corp Hose fitting
US3146005A (en) * 1961-12-04 1964-08-25 Arrowhead Products Vacuum insulated conduits and insulated joining means
FR1396851A (fr) * 1963-08-30 1965-04-23 Tuyau isolant et son procédé de fabrication
FR1378916A (fr) * 1963-09-05 1964-11-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de centrage d'une conduite interne à l'intérieurd'une conduite externe, applicable notamment aux éléments de conduite pour gaz liquéfiés
US3364687A (en) * 1965-05-03 1968-01-23 Massachusetts Inst Technology Helium heat transfer system
NL6700375A (hu) * 1967-01-11 1968-07-12
FR1524383A (fr) * 1967-03-31 1968-05-10 Comp Generale Electricite Dispositif d'isolation thermique, notamment pour tuyauteries
US3565118A (en) * 1968-07-24 1971-02-23 Thornton Stearns Thermal insulation for fluid storage containers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3431347A (en) * 1966-06-24 1969-03-04 Siemens Ag Cryostats for low-temperature cables
US3529071A (en) * 1967-04-29 1970-09-15 Siemens Ag Superconducting cable for transmitting high electrical currents
US3512581A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-05-19 British Insulated Callenders Cryogenic devices
US3595982A (en) * 1967-12-20 1971-07-27 Siemens Ag Supercounducting alternating current cable
US3780205A (en) * 1971-08-23 1973-12-18 M Aupoix Thermal insulation device for a very low-temperature line

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4194536A (en) * 1976-12-09 1980-03-25 Eaton Corporation Composite tubing product
US4233816A (en) * 1979-08-08 1980-11-18 Pennwalt Corporation Cryogenic fluid transfer line
US4492090A (en) * 1983-09-19 1985-01-08 General Electric Company Cryostat for NMR magnet
US4516405A (en) * 1984-06-15 1985-05-14 General Electric Company Supporting tie configuration for cryostat for cold shipment of NMR magnet
US4777807A (en) * 1986-09-09 1988-10-18 Oxford Magnet Technology Limited Cryostat assembly
USRE33419E (en) * 1986-09-09 1990-11-06 Oxford Advanced Technology Limited Cryostat assembly
US5307639A (en) * 1991-09-20 1994-05-03 L'air Liquid Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Transfer line for cryogenic fluid
US5385026A (en) * 1993-03-04 1995-01-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Apparatus for supporting a cryogenic fluid containment system within an enclosure
US5440888A (en) * 1993-06-08 1995-08-15 Gec Alsthom Electromecanique Sa Apparatus for transferring liquid helium between two devices at different potentials
EP0949444A3 (de) * 1998-04-09 2003-01-22 Semperit Aktiengesellschaft Holding Flexibler kryogener Schlauch
US6094922A (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-08-01 Ziegler; Alex R. Vacuum-insulated refrigerant line for allowing a vaccum chamber system with water-vapor cryocoil compressor to be locatable outside cleanroom
US6354090B1 (en) * 1999-01-12 2002-03-12 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Transfer line for cryogenic fluid and its use for the transfer of liquid helium
WO2002046658A1 (de) * 2000-12-06 2002-06-13 Kraftanlagen Nukleartechnik Gmbh Thermalschild für flüssig-helium-versorgungssysteme, insbesondere für teilchenbeschleunigeranlagen
US6647733B2 (en) 2001-10-26 2003-11-18 Thomas L. Cooper Dry air injection system
US6775992B2 (en) 2001-10-26 2004-08-17 Cooper Research, Llc Dry air injection system
US20040144438A1 (en) * 2003-01-24 2004-07-29 Thompson Alvin Dean Heated drain line apparatus
US6810916B2 (en) * 2003-01-24 2004-11-02 Dt Search & Designs, Llc Heated drain line apparatus
WO2005013329A2 (en) * 2003-07-28 2005-02-10 St. Clair Systems, Inc. Thermal inner tube
WO2005013329A3 (en) * 2003-07-28 2005-06-02 St Clair Systems Inc Thermal inner tube
US20060225865A1 (en) * 2003-07-28 2006-10-12 Bonner Michael R Thermal inner tube
US8162034B2 (en) 2003-07-28 2012-04-24 Bonner Michael R Thermal inner tube
US20170159871A1 (en) * 2013-11-26 2017-06-08 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour I'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Support element, corresponding cryogenic fluid circuit and corresponding method
US10215326B2 (en) * 2013-11-26 2019-02-26 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Support element, corresponding cryogenic fluid circuit and corresponding method
WO2015184520A1 (pt) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-10 Oliveira Murilo Pessoa De Dispositivo mecânico de alto rendimento para ramais de aquecimento
EP3147551A1 (de) * 2015-09-28 2017-03-29 Nexans Flexible rohrleitung
WO2017054978A1 (en) * 2015-09-28 2017-04-06 Nexans Flexible pipeline
US20170130891A1 (en) * 2015-09-28 2017-05-11 Nexans Flexible pipeline
CN108139014A (zh) * 2015-09-28 2018-06-08 耐克森公司 柔性管线
US10330239B2 (en) * 2015-09-28 2019-06-25 Nexans Flexible pipeline
CN109764193A (zh) * 2019-01-09 2019-05-17 吴宁 一种具备高效热防护结构的橡胶油管及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4976152A (hu) 1974-07-23
FR2203959A1 (hu) 1974-05-17
CA982502A (en) 1976-01-27
GB1451093A (en) 1976-09-29
DE2349550A1 (de) 1974-05-02
JPS5219339B2 (hu) 1977-05-27
CH569225A5 (hu) 1975-11-14
FR2203959B1 (hu) 1976-10-01
NL7214296A (hu) 1974-04-23
DE2349550C2 (de) 1982-02-25
SE392519B (sv) 1977-03-28

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