US3903524A - Antenna system using variable phase pattern synthesis - Google Patents

Antenna system using variable phase pattern synthesis Download PDF

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Publication number
US3903524A
US3903524A US364182A US36418273A US3903524A US 3903524 A US3903524 A US 3903524A US 364182 A US364182 A US 364182A US 36418273 A US36418273 A US 36418273A US 3903524 A US3903524 A US 3903524A
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United States
Prior art keywords
excitations
wave energy
component
excitation
aperture
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Expired - Lifetime
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US364182A
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English (en)
Inventor
R J Giannini
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BAE Systems Aerospace Inc
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Hazeltine Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hazeltine Corp filed Critical Hazeltine Corp
Priority to US364182A priority Critical patent/US3903524A/en
Priority to AU65805/74A priority patent/AU482518B2/en
Priority to CA193,191A priority patent/CA1021055A/en
Priority to GB784674A priority patent/GB1412569A/en
Priority to SE7402998A priority patent/SE389770B/xx
Priority to FR7411385A priority patent/FR2231126B1/fr
Priority to IL44560A priority patent/IL44560A/en
Priority to IT22143/74A priority patent/IT1010297B/it
Priority to JP5316774A priority patent/JPS5542526B2/ja
Priority to DE2423899A priority patent/DE2423899C2/de
Priority to PL1974171299A priority patent/PL94571B1/pl
Priority to CS743662A priority patent/CS229603B2/cs
Priority to BR4223/74A priority patent/BR7404223D0/pt
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7407043,A priority patent/NL177869C/nl
Priority to DD178778A priority patent/DD113134A5/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3903524A publication Critical patent/US3903524A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • FIG. 20 VOLTAGE ANGLE
  • This invention relates to antenna systems for radiating wave energy in a desired pattern of radiation amplitude.
  • this invention relates to antennas designed using the pattern synthesis technique to determine the amplitude and phase of the aperture excitation which will achieve the desired rediation amplitude pattern.
  • any desired radiation amplitude pattern may be approximately achieved using a combination of component antenna beams which result from component aperture excitations.
  • the desired amplitude pattern results from the superposition of the component beams in space, and a corresponding composite aperture excitation is determined by the superposition of the component aperture excitations.
  • each beam has a direction of maximum radiation associated with it, in which direction all other beams in the orthogonal set have a radiation null.
  • Using an orthogonal set of component antenna beams results in there being a corresponding set of directions in space at each of which the amplitude of radiation is determined by the amplitude ofa single component aperture excitation.
  • the pattern synthesis technique may be used to determine an aperture excitation which will cause the antenna to radiate an antenna pattern having any desired amplitude characteristic with direction. As generally applied, the pattern synthesis technique results in one area of the antenna aperture having all of the excitations in phase. The result is that in this area of the antenna aperture there is a substantial reinforcement of the component electromagnetic fields, which can result in difficulties associated with high-power density.
  • Another disadvantage occurs when the antenna aperture is an array of antenna elements because the elements in the area of phase reinforcement of the orthogonal excitations must have a substantially larger amount of energy coupled to them than is coupled to the other elements in the array. This large amount of coupling creates substantial difficulty when a series feed arrangement is used to couple wave energy to the elements of the array.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved antenna system for radiating wave energy in a desired radiation pattern using a composite aperture excitation which is the superposition of a plurality of component aperture excitations.
  • an antenna system for radiating wave energy in a desired radiation pattern.
  • the antenna system includes an aperture, comprising an array of antenna elements, for radiated wave energy patterns in response to wave energy excitations.
  • the antenna system additionally includes means for supplying wave energy to the elements with predetermined relative phases and amplitudes to develop a composite wave energy excitation on the aperture.
  • the relative phase and amplitude of the wave energy supplied to each of the elements comprises the vector sum of a plurality of component aperture excitations, measured at the location of the element on the aperture, including a reference excitation and other component excitations having both positive and negative phase variation on the aperture with respect to the reference excitation.
  • the component excitations with positive phase variation have, with respect to the reference excitation, an average phase displacement which is a first monotonic function of the phase variation, and the component excitations with negative phase variation have, with respect to the reference excitation, an average phase displacement which is a second monotonic function of the phase variation. All excitations have the same sense of average phase displacement. There results a set of element excitations without substantial amplitude reinforcement of the component excitations at any selected one of the antenna elements.
  • FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) illustrate respectively the side view and front view of a linear array antenna system constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2(a), and 2(b) and 2(c) illustrate a pattern synthesis technique.
  • FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) illustrate respectively the component and composite aperture excitations used in the prior art aperture synthesis technique.
  • FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) illustrate respectively the component and composite aperture excitations used in the aperture synthesis technique in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) illustrate respectively the front view and side view of another antenna system constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the antenna system illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a linear array of dipoles 10(a) through 10(11), mounted on a conductive ground plane 11.
  • Transmission lines 12(a) through 12(11) connect the dipoles 10 to corresponding directional couplers 13(a) through 1311).
  • the directional couplers 13 are in series and are connected to a common input port by transmission line 14.
  • Resistive loads 15 are used to terminate the transmission line 14 and the isolated outputs of the couplers 13.
  • a wave energy excitation is developed on the aperture by supplying to the individual dipoles wave energy signals having preselected relative amplitudes and phases.
  • the spacing of the dipoles 10 along the linear array, the length of the linear array, and the number of dipoles 10 required are chosen in accordance with principles which are familiar to those skilled in the art. It will be evident that other antenna elements besides dipoles may be used to construct the linear array of the FIG. 1 embodiment. Other commonly used antenna elements are feedhorns, waveguide slots and spirals.
  • wave energy signals are supplied to the dipoles 10 from the input by means of transmission line 14, directional couplers 13 and trans mission lines 12(a) through 12(11). It will be evident to one skilled in the art that the amplitude of the wave en ergy signals coupled to each of the dipoles 10 is regulated by the coupling coefficients of the various directional couplers 13(a) through 13(11). The phase of the wave energy signals coupled to each of the dipoles 10 is determined by the phase length of the input transmission line 14, the directional couplers I3 and the transmission lines 12. It is evident that the structure provides for individual adjustment of the amplitude and phase of wave energy signals that are simultaneously coupled to each of the dipoles 10.
  • I embodiment may be of any type appropriate for use at the operating frequency of the antenna.
  • Typical transmission lines which might be used are waveguides, coaxial lines, and strip transmission lines.
  • the directional couplers 13 may be any type appropriate to the chosen transmission line type.
  • Those skilled in the art will recognize that other means, besides directional couplers, may be used to supply wave energy signals to the dipoles 10 from the input. Examples are reactive power dividers or enclosed multi-mode transmission lines.
  • FIG. 2(a) indicates a wave energy pattern which may be desired from the FIG. 1 antenna.
  • the amplitude of the wave energy in the desired pattern is constant over a particular range of the angle (A), which is designated in the FIG. 1 drawing. It is also desired that there be no radiation at angles outside of the desired angular region.
  • FIG. 2(b) indicates the main lobes of a set of component orthogonal antenna beams which would be radiated by the FIG. 1 antenna when fed with a set of wave energy signals whose amplitude and phases are chosen in accordance with prior art techniques.
  • the component beams 16(0) through 16(6) would be radiated by component aperture excitations having uniform amplitude at all of the elements and phase distributions which are orthogonal to each other.
  • Orthogonal phase distributions have a phase variation relative to each other which is an integral multiple of 277' across the aperture of the antenna.
  • the beam designated 16(0) is a beam which would be radiated by a reference component excitation having equal amplitude and equal phase at all of the elements.
  • Beams designated 16(1)) and 16((1) are radiated by other component aperture excitations with phase variations, with respect to the beam 16(c) excitation, of plus ZTr and minus 211', respectively.
  • Beams designated 16((1) and 16(6) are radiated by component excitations which have phase variations of plus 471' and minus 411', respectively, with respect to the reference excitation corresponding to beam 16(c).
  • FIG. 2(0) represents the composite radiation pattern which results from the superposition of the five beams in FIG. 2(b). This radiation pattern is achieved if the aperture is provided with a composite aperture excitation having an amplitude and phase distribution which is the superposition of the component aperture excitations which result in the beams of FIG. 2(b).
  • the amplitude and phase of the required excitation at each element is determined by vector addition of five vectors (one for each component aperture excitation) of equal amplitude and each having a phase which is determined by the phase distributions shown in FIG. 3a.
  • the excitation for element 10(a) is determined by adding five vectors having equal amplitude and phases of approximately 21r, 1r, 0, 1r and 2'rr. These phases are determined by the value of phase distributions 17((1) through 17(2) at the location of element 10(a) on the aperture.
  • the excitation for element 10((1) is determined by adding five vectors having equal amplitude and approximately zero phase as indicated by FIG. 3a.
  • FIG. 3(b) shows the resultant amplitudes of excitation for each of the elements 10(a) through 10(11). It will be noted that the amplitudes of excitation for elements 10((1) and 10(2) are greatly in excess of the average amplitude excitation of the elements.
  • the desired excitation may be achieved by proper selection of the coupling values for couplers 13(0) through 13(11) and transmission lines 12((1) through 12(lz). To achieve this it is necessary to compute the percentage of the total power supplied to all of the antenna elements which must be supplied to each of the individual elements.
  • the coupling value for each of couplers 13(a) through 13(11) is then computed on the basis of the fractional power to be supplied to each element with respect to the power remaining in transmission line 14 at the input to the particular coupler, allowing for power previously coupled out.
  • the phase of the wave energy supplied to each of the elements is adjusted by varying the length of the respective transmission lines 12(0) through 12(12). Illustrated in FIG. 3b is the amplitude excitation which would result for each of the elements 10(u) through 10(11) if the prior art synthesis technique were used to achieve the composite radiation pattern illustrated in FIG. 20. As is evident from FIG. 3b and has been discussed above, the phase variations of the prior art synthesis technique tend to cause reinforcement of the amplitude of the excitations of the elements in a particular region of the aperture. In the set of amplitude excitations illustrated in FIG.
  • 3b elements 10(d) and 10(e) have a much greater amplitude excitation than the remaining elements.
  • the differences in amplitude excitations can be as much as 10:] in voltage, which results in differences of 100:1 in the power to be supplied to the elements of the array.
  • An antenna constructed in accordance with the present invention may be identical in circuit arrangement and detailed design technique to prior art antennas but different component values are used to achieve the required amplitude and phase excitations for the elements.
  • the present invention avoids the disadvantage of the prior art aperture designs which result in substantial reinforcement of the energy supplied to particular elements of the array.
  • FIG. 4(a) indicates the phase distributions 17(a) through l7'(e) of component aperture excitations which are selected in accordance with the present invention.
  • the component excitations 17'(a) and l7(b) which have positive phase variation also have, with respect to the reference excitation l7'(c), average phase displacements x and x, respectively, and these average phase displacements x and x are monotonically related to the phase variation of their respective component excitations 17'(a) and 17'(b).
  • component excitations l7'(d) and l7(e), which have negative phase variation. also have, with respect to the reference excitation 17'(c), average phase displacements x and x, respectively, and these average phase displacements and x are monotonically related to the phase variation of their respective component excitations l7'(d) and l7(e).
  • the average phase displacements of all excitations with respect to the reference excitation have the same sense. Use of displacements with the same sense prevents phase reinforcement of the component excitations at another point on the aperture.
  • excitation l7(a) has the same average phase displacement x as excitation 17'(e).
  • excitation l7'(b) has the same average phase displacement x as excitation 17'(d).
  • the average phase displacements of excitations having a positive phase variation may be a different monotonic function of the phase variation than the average phase displacements of excitations having a negative phase variation.
  • FIG. 4(b) illustrates the amplitude of the composite excitation at the various array elements 10(a) to 10(e) of FIG. 1, which results from the super position of the component excitations 17'(a) through 17(e).
  • the actual amplitude and phase excitations for an antenna array design in accordance with the present invention is determined in a manner similar to that for the prior art excitation, except that component aperture excitations having phase displacements similar to that illustrated in FIG. 4a are used to determine the amplitude and phase excitations for the various elements in the array.
  • the effect of the average phase displacement of the component aperture excitations is a corresponding phase change in the component radiated beams. Therefore, if the component excitations of FIG. 4(a) are used, antenna beam 16(b) of FIG. 2(12) will result from excitation l7(b) of FIG. 4(a). The component antenna beam 16(b) will have a phase difference from the reference component antenna beam 16(0) equal to the average phase displacement x of the component excitation l7(b).
  • the effect of the phase differences among antenna beams on the composite antenna pattern is small, since the phase difference between adjacent antenna beams is small. In the FIG. 4(a) embodiment adjacent beams are displaced in phase by approximately 1'r/2. This phase difference between adjacent beams may cause an increase in the ripple effect on the composite antenna pattern as shown in FIG. 2(c). The magni tude of the ripple effect increases with increased phase difference between adjacent beams.
  • the desired shape of the radiation pattern may be other than uniform amplitude as in the FIG. 2 example.
  • Specific applications may require radiation patterns which are tapered or even multi-Iobed.
  • the desired pattern may be synthesized using compo nent excitations with different relative amplitudes.
  • component excitations may even have opposite polarity.
  • the present invention may be applied to these cases without difficulty.
  • the linear array of the FIG. 1 embodiment may be combined with other linear arrays to form a planar or cylindrical array antenna using the present invention.
  • the technique for formulating the composite aperture excitation may also be applied in the perpendicular plane of an antenna system which uses a plurality of the FIG. 1 linear arrays. It will also be evident that it is not necessary that the antenna aperture be an array of elements.
  • a desired composite aperture excitation has been formulated using the synthesis technique, it is possible to achieve that illumination on an aperture consisting of a transmissive or reflective focusing means excited by conventional means, such as a plurality of feed elements. In such an application, each feed element forms a component excitation on the focusing means and a composite excitation on the aperture would result from simultaneous excitation of all of the feed elements.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another linear array antenna system constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the antenna elements consist of slot elements located in a side wall of a rectangular waveguide 19.
  • the amplitude of the wave energy supplied to each of the slot elements 20 is determined by the fraction of the wave energy in the waveguide coupled to the slot element 20, which is a function of the angle of the slot element 20 in the side wall of the waveguide 19.
  • the phase of the wave energy coupled to each of the slot elements 20 is determined by the phase of the wave energy in the wave guide 19 at the location of the slot element 20.
  • the phase of any slot element 20 may be changed by 180 by reversing the slot inclination angle.
  • the present invention is particularly advantageous in the FIG. 5 embodiment since there is a practical limit to the fraction of the energy in the waveguide 19 which I may be coupled to each slot element 20.
  • the present invention facilitates the implementation of the FIG. 5 embodiment by allowing the use of an aperture excitation which has a more uniform amplitude distribution of the wave energy signals coupled to each of the elements.
  • An antenna system for radiating wave energy in a desired radiation pattern comprising:
  • an aperture comprising an array of antenna elements for radiating wave energy patterns in response to wave energy excitations
  • An antenna system for radiating wave energy in a desired radiation pattern comprising:
  • an aperture comprising a linear array of antenna elements for radiating wave energy patterns in response to wave energy excitations
  • An antenna system for radiating wave energy in a desired radiation pattern comprising:
  • an aperture comprising an array of antenna elements for radiating wave energy patterns in response to wave energy excitations
  • An antenna system for radiating wave energy signals in a desired radiation pattern comprising a waveguide having an aperture comprising a linear array of slots for radiating wave energy patterns in response to wave energy excitations and having selected slot orien tations and locations which cause wave energy supplied to one end of said waveguide to develop a composite wave energy excitation on said aperture wherein the wave energy supplied to each of said slots has a relative phase and amplitude comprising the vector sum of a plurality of component aperture excitations, measured at the location of said slot in said array, including a reference component excitation and other component excitations having both positive and negative phase variation along said linear array with respect to said reference excitation, said component excitations with positive phase variation having with respect to said reference excitation an average phase displacement which is a first monotonic function of said phase variation, and said component excitations with negative phase variation having with respect to said reference excitation an average phase displacement which is a second monotonic function of said phase variation, all excitations having the same sense of average phase displacement, thereby resulting in a composite wave energy
  • An antenna system for radiating wave energy signals in a desired radiation pattern comprising a waveguide having an aperture comprising a linear array of slots formed into one of the narrow walls of said waveguide for radiating wave energy patterns in response to wave energy excitation and having selected slot orien tations and locations which cause wave energy supplied to one end of said waveguide to develop a composite wave energy excitation on said aperture wherein the wave energy supplied each of said slots has a relative phase and amplitude comprising the vector sum of a plurality of component aperture excitations, measured at the location of said slot in said array, including 21 reference component excitation and other component excitations having both positive and negative phase variations along said linear array with respect to said reference excitation, said component excitations with positive phase variation having with respect to said reference excitation an average phase displacement which is a first monotonic function of said phase variation, and said component excitations with negative phase variation having with respect to said reference excitation an average phase displacement which is a second monotonic function of said phase variation, all excitations having the same sense of average phase displacement, thereby
  • An antenna system for radiating wave energy signals in a desired radiation pattern comprising a waveguide having an aperature comprising a linear array of slots for radiating wave energy patterns in response to wave energy excitations and having selected slot orientations and locations which cause wave energy supplied to one end of said waveguide to develop a composite wave energy excitation on said aperature wherein the wave energy supplied each of said slots has a relative phase and amplitude comprising the vector sum of a plurality of uniform amplitude, orthogonalphase component aperature excitations, measured at the location of said slot in said array, including a reference component excitation and other component excitations having both positive and negative phase variation along said linear array with respect to said reference excitation, said component excitations with positive phase variation having with respect to said reference excitation an average phase displacement which is a first monotonic function of said phase variation, and said component excitations with negative phase variation having with respect to said reference excitation an average phase displacement which is a second monotonic function of said phase variation, all excitations having the
  • An antenna system for radiating wave energy in a desired radiation pattern comprising a rectangular waveguide, having an aperture comprising a linear array of slots for radiating wave energy patterns in response to wave energy excitations, said slots being formed into one of the narrow walls of said waveguide and having selected slot orientations and locations which cause wave energy supplied to one end of said waveguide to develop a composite wave energy excitation on said aperture wherein the wave energy supplied to each of said slots has a relative phase and amplitude comprising the vector sum of a plurality of uniformamplitude, orthogonal-phase component aperture excitations, if measured at the location of said slot in said array, including a reference component excitation and other component excitations having both positive and negative phase variation along said linear array with reis a second monotonic function of said phase variation, all excitations having the same sense of average phase displacement; thereby resulting in a composite wave energy excitation without substantial amplitude reinforcement of said component excitations at any of said slots in said waveguide.

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US364182A 1973-05-25 1973-05-25 Antenna system using variable phase pattern synthesis Expired - Lifetime US3903524A (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US364182A US3903524A (en) 1973-05-25 1973-05-25 Antenna system using variable phase pattern synthesis
AU65805/74A AU482518B2 (en) 1973-05-25 1974-02-20 Antenna system using variable phase pattern synthesis
CA193,191A CA1021055A (en) 1973-05-25 1974-02-21 Antenna system using variable phase pattern synthesis
GB784674A GB1412569A (en) 1973-05-25 1974-02-21 Antenna system using variable phase pattern synthesis
SE7402998A SE389770B (sv) 1973-05-25 1974-03-06 Antennsystem
FR7411385A FR2231126B1 (nl) 1973-05-25 1974-03-29
IL44560A IL44560A (en) 1973-05-25 1974-04-03 Antenna system
IT22143/74A IT1010297B (it) 1973-05-25 1974-04-30 Sistema di antenna impiegante una sintesi di profili a fase varia bile
JP5316774A JPS5542526B2 (nl) 1973-05-25 1974-05-13
DE2423899A DE2423899C2 (de) 1973-05-25 1974-05-16 Gruppenantenne zur Erzeugung eines geformten Breitwinkel-Strahlungsdiagramms
PL1974171299A PL94571B1 (pl) 1973-05-25 1974-05-21 Uklad antenowy z zastosowaniem syntezy zmiany fazy wiazek
CS743662A CS229603B2 (en) 1973-05-25 1974-05-22 Aerial system
BR4223/74A BR7404223D0 (pt) 1973-05-25 1974-05-23 Aperfeicoado sistema de antena para irradiar energia de onda num desejado padrao de irradiacao
NLAANVRAGE7407043,A NL177869C (nl) 1973-05-25 1974-05-24 Golfpijp-gleufantenne.
DD178778A DD113134A5 (de) 1973-05-25 1974-05-27 Antennensystem

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US364182A US3903524A (en) 1973-05-25 1973-05-25 Antenna system using variable phase pattern synthesis

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US3903524A true US3903524A (en) 1975-09-02

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US (1) US3903524A (nl)
JP (1) JPS5542526B2 (nl)
BR (1) BR7404223D0 (nl)
CA (1) CA1021055A (nl)
CS (1) CS229603B2 (nl)
DD (1) DD113134A5 (nl)
DE (1) DE2423899C2 (nl)
FR (1) FR2231126B1 (nl)
GB (1) GB1412569A (nl)
IL (1) IL44560A (nl)
IT (1) IT1010297B (nl)
NL (1) NL177869C (nl)
PL (1) PL94571B1 (nl)
SE (1) SE389770B (nl)

Cited By (6)

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EP0056984A1 (de) * 1981-01-23 1982-08-04 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH Phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne
US4823144A (en) * 1981-11-27 1989-04-18 The Marconi Company Limited Apparatus for transmitting and/or receiving microwave radiation
US5546095A (en) * 1994-06-02 1996-08-13 Lopez; Alfred R. Non-imaging glideslope antenna systems
EP0923155A1 (en) * 1997-06-02 1999-06-16 Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. Adaptive array antenna
WO2001069725A1 (en) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-20 Bae Systems (Defence Systems) Limited An active phased array antenna assembly
US6512934B2 (en) 1997-06-02 2003-01-28 Ntt Mobile Communications Network, Inc. Adaptive array antenna

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US4270129A (en) * 1979-01-30 1981-05-26 Sperry Corporation Apparatus and method for realizing preselected free space antenna patterns
GB2212984B (en) * 1987-11-30 1991-09-04 Plessey Telecomm Distributed antenna system

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US2730717A (en) * 1951-04-18 1956-01-10 Katchky Max Directional wave antenna for marine radar use
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US3182325A (en) * 1960-09-21 1965-05-04 Gen Electric Array pattern modification
US3258774A (en) * 1963-12-30 1966-06-28 Gen Electric Series-fed phased array
US3259902A (en) * 1961-10-04 1966-07-05 Dorne And Margolin Inc Antenna with electrically variable reflector
US3526898A (en) * 1967-04-03 1970-09-01 Raytheon Co Antenna with translational and rotational compensation
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2730717A (en) * 1951-04-18 1956-01-10 Katchky Max Directional wave antenna for marine radar use
US2878472A (en) * 1954-12-14 1959-03-17 Hughes Aircraft Co High efficiency broadband antenna array
US3182325A (en) * 1960-09-21 1965-05-04 Gen Electric Array pattern modification
US2981944A (en) * 1960-12-06 1961-04-25 Gen Precision Inc Microwave navigation system
US3259902A (en) * 1961-10-04 1966-07-05 Dorne And Margolin Inc Antenna with electrically variable reflector
US3258774A (en) * 1963-12-30 1966-06-28 Gen Electric Series-fed phased array
US3526898A (en) * 1967-04-03 1970-09-01 Raytheon Co Antenna with translational and rotational compensation
US3604010A (en) * 1969-01-30 1971-09-07 Singer General Precision Antenna array system for generating shaped beams for guidance during aircraft landing

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0056984A1 (de) * 1981-01-23 1982-08-04 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH Phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne
US4823144A (en) * 1981-11-27 1989-04-18 The Marconi Company Limited Apparatus for transmitting and/or receiving microwave radiation
US5546095A (en) * 1994-06-02 1996-08-13 Lopez; Alfred R. Non-imaging glideslope antenna systems
EP0923155A1 (en) * 1997-06-02 1999-06-16 Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. Adaptive array antenna
EP0923155A4 (en) * 1997-06-02 2000-03-22 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone ADAPTABLE NETWORK ANTENNA
US6512934B2 (en) 1997-06-02 2003-01-28 Ntt Mobile Communications Network, Inc. Adaptive array antenna
WO2001069725A1 (en) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-20 Bae Systems (Defence Systems) Limited An active phased array antenna assembly

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Publication number Publication date
IL44560A0 (en) 1974-06-30
JPS5049965A (nl) 1975-05-06
NL177869B (nl) 1985-07-01
JPS5542526B2 (nl) 1980-10-31
FR2231126A1 (nl) 1974-12-20
GB1412569A (en) 1975-11-05
BR7404223D0 (pt) 1975-01-21
DE2423899A1 (de) 1974-12-12
PL94571B1 (pl) 1977-08-31
SE389770B (sv) 1976-11-15
NL7407043A (nl) 1974-11-27
DD113134A5 (de) 1975-05-12
CA1021055A (en) 1977-11-15
IL44560A (en) 1976-09-30
FR2231126B1 (nl) 1980-05-30
AU6580574A (en) 1975-08-21
IT1010297B (it) 1977-01-10
DE2423899C2 (de) 1986-10-09
NL177869C (nl) 1985-12-02
CS229603B2 (en) 1984-06-18

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