CS229603B2 - Aerial system - Google Patents

Abstract

1412569 Aerials HAZELTINE CORP 21 Feb 1974 [25 May 1973] 7846/74 Heading H4A An aerial system providing a desired radiation pattern comprises an aperture and means for supplying thereto a composite wave energy excitation having amplitude and phase distributions substantially equivalent to the superposition of a plurality of component aperture excitations. Said plurality includes a reference component excitation and other component excitations, having both positive and negative phase variations on said aperture with respect to said reference excitation, any said component excitation with positive phase variation having with respect to said reference excitation an average phase displacement which is a first monotonic function of said phase variation, and any said component excitation with negative phase variation having with respect to said reference excitation an average phase displacement which is a second monotonic function of said phase variation. All excitations have the same sense of average phase displacement. In a first embodiment a collinear array of dipoles 10a to 10h, Fig. 1a, is mounted in front of a ground plane 11. Transmission lines 12a to 12h connect the dipoles to respective directional couplers 13a to 13h. The directional couplers are in series and are connected to a common input port by a transmission line 14. Resistive terminations 15 are provided for the end of the line 14, and for the isolated outputs of the directional couplers. The amplitude of the signal fed to each dipole is dependent upon the value of the coupling co-efficient of its associated directional coupler, and the phase thereof is dependent upon the electrical length back to the input port as determined by the main and branch transmission lines and the directional coupler. It is evident that individual adjustments may be made of the amplitudes and phases of the signals which are simultaneously coupled to the dipoles 10a to 10h. For example, it may be desired to obtain a substantially uniform amplitude of wave energy over an angle of ŒA, without radiation outside that angle. This may be obtained by superposition of the component uniform amplitude excitations 17<1>a to 17<1>e, Fig. 4a. In this figure, the excitations 17<1>a and 17<1>e have the same average phase displacement x<1>, and the excitations 17<1>b and 17<1>d have the same average phase displacement x, from the excitation of reference phase 17<1>c. The amplitudes of the resultant excitations for the various dipoles vary little from an average value (Fig. 4b, not shown) as compared with a prior art arrangement, where those for the dipoles 10d, 10e greatly exceed those for the other dipoles (Fig. 3b, not shown). In another embodiment, a linear array of slots 20a to 20l, Fig. 5a, in a narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide 19 is fed from one end thereof. The amplitude of the excitation of a particular slot is determined by the angle of inclination of the slot, and its phase by the position along the waveguide of the slot. The arrays may be operated in association with reflective or transmissive focusing means. The invention may be extended to planar or cylindrical arrays of elements.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an antenna array for radiating wave energy in a desired radiation pattern having an efficient antenna surface, enveloping an arrangement of at least two antenna elements distributed across this effective area for radiating wave energy diagrams in response to excitation by wave energy. for connecting the supplied wave energy to the antenna elements having a transmit line for each antenna element, the respective transmission elements are all coupled to the common supply circuit by respective coupling cells, separated by intermediate phase paths inducing phase the coupling coefficients of the respective couplers and the length of the respective energy paths, the phase shift inducing paths U, are of such mutual magnitude that they provide a wavelength supply on the respective antenna elements with predetermined relative phases and amplitudes, thereby making the antenna effective. excitation by wave energy, which is the vector - the sum of the larger number of partial pulsations of the effective area, measured. In the place of said element on the effective surface, the partial excitation comprises a reference partial pounding and another partial busenn which eats on the effective surface as a field.

229 803 both negative and negative phase - change from the reference. partial growth.

It is well known that any desired radiation amplitude diagram can be approximately achieved by using a combination of partial antenna beams resulting from partial pulsations of the effective area. The desired amplitude of the diagnosis - results from the superposition of the partial beams - in space and the corresponding composite excitation of the effective surface is determined by the sudden excitation of this - the effective surface.

In practice, it is appropriate to select - partial excitation of the effective area that radiate an orthogonal system of partial antenna sgazky. In the orthogonal array of antenna beams, each beam is assigned a direction of macular radiation, and in this direction all other beams in the orthogonal array have zero radiation. The use of an orthogonal array of partial antenna beams results in - that there is a corresponding set of directions in space on each - of which the amplitude of the radiation is determined - by a single partial excitation of the effective area.

The diegrim synthesis technique can be used to determine such an excitation of the effective area, which is 4. . . 'λ Г; ϊ · ', ^: ··· <·. </ - 228-.103. that. antenna radiates. diagram,. - -'- which has the desire '. amplitude.

In the direction of its general use,. - the technique of the synthesis of digits leads to that. one -. The area - '- effective - - area of the antenna - has all - - pounding - in the phase''-' The consequence - is that - in this - area - the - effective - area. - antennas \ arises - and am * s considerably. . amplification - 'partial. electromagnetic fields,. - which - can. lead to - difficulties - connected with density - high - energy · - - a disadvantage - in - the -. - ^p Ada that ^{- of the} active area- ant ^currency. ' Yippee . us ^ regular. the antenna elements may have elements. - in the region - phase 'amplification' of orthogonal excitation - connected to '- themselves'. much larger - the amount of energy. - than - - what - - is - coupled 1 'with the other elements - in - - - this - arranges the next - - - - This - - large-quantity- - coupled. energy. It causes considerable problems when the serial power supply is used. wave energy to the elements of said arrangement;

The purpose of the invention. - .proto. - - is - create a new and - - - improved - antenna - system - for '' 'radiation. - the wave energy - in the 'desired' - di? gp? radiation - for -. in the case of a composite excitation of the effective surface, which is. - .. 'superposition' of a greater number of - partial 'excitations. effective - - areas ·

- 5 229 603

In this antenna system, the effective area should not have an area where there would be a substantial phase gain of the partial excitation of the effective area.

In an improved antenna system employing an array of antenna elements, the advantage is further that the amplitude of the wavelength connected to said elements has a more even distribution over these elements than ЬлАк could be. hitherto achieved using the current excitation of this area.

The invention is based on the fact that the wave power supply circuit has a transmission line for each respective antenna element and has associated coupling line coefficients and the length of the intermediate energy paths to determine the phase offset between the transmission elements of each antenna element by selecting partial excitation with positive phase measurement. one having an average phase shift relative to the reference excitation which is the first monooon phase change function and a negative phase change partial excitation having an average phase shift relative to the reference excitation which is the second monooon phase change function, with all excitations measuring the phase change relative to the reference excitation has the same meaning of the average displacement relative to the reference excitation.

At the same time, the excitation 229 903 is selected so as to at least one relative maximum amplitude gain relative to the position between adjacent antenna elements ·

According to one embodiment of the invention, the effective surface consists of a linear arrangement of antenna elements.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the effective area consists of a zirinous array of antenna elements.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the effective surface consists of a cylindrical arrangement of antenna elements.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the power supply circuit comprises an input for receiving the delivered wave energy, at least two transmission lines and direction couplers for coupling the supplied wave energy from said input to each of the antenna elements with predetermined phases and amplitudes.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the linear arrangement of the antenna elements consists of a linear arrangement of slots in the waveguide, and the means for supplying the wave energy to the antenna element consists of this waveguide, the slots of the waveguide

The 229 803 are oriented and positioned in the waveguide, taking into account the known effects of slot orientation and flight on phase and amplitude of the slot excitation such that the waveguide supplies the composite wave energy to the slit elements with predetermined relative phases and amplitudes to create the composite wave energy excitation. .

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the waveguide is a rectangular waveguide.

Conveniently, the slots are formed on one of the narrow walls of the waveguide.

In another embodiment, the slots are formed in one of the wide walls of the waveguide.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the partial excitation of the active surface consists of excitation of uniform amplitude and orthogonal phase.

The invention allows to reduce the fluctuation of excitation of the antenna element inside the arrangement of the ^HP anténníc rvků ^Z e is rozf & TO, THE PARTIAL. ^sva Ac ^y, into which can be decomposed by the directional diagram. The invention is not limited to creating any particular radiation pattern of the antenna, although it is particularly useful for the diagrams of the kind shown in FIG.

F

- 8 229 β03 2c where the recovery of phase sub beams would lead to uneven excitation of evenly spaced antenna elements · The invention is also very useful for reducing excitation fluctuations in generating any other radiation diagrams where superposition of phased beams would lead to large differences in excitation levels of respective antenna elements ·

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Giant. 1a and 1b show both a side view and a front view of a linear configuration of an antenna assembly constructed in accordance with the invention.

Giant. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate a diagram synthesis technique.

Giant. За and 3b illustrate both partial and compound excitation of the active surface used in the prior art active surface synthesis technique.

Giant. Figures 4a and 4b show partial and compound excitation of the active surface as used in the active surface synthesis technique of the invention.

- 9 229 603

Giant. Figures 5a and 5b show a front view and a side view of another antenna assembly constructed in accordance with the invention.

The antenna system shown in FIG. 1 comprises a more linear array of dipoles 10a to 10h. The transmission lines 12a to 12h connect dipoles 10a to 10h4 with respective direction couplers 13a to 13h. The direction couplers 13 are connected in series and connected to a common input channel by the transmission line 14. Resistive loads 15 terminate the transmission line 14 and the isolated outputs of the couplers 13.

The dipoles 10 located on the grounded plate 11 form an antenna radiator surface that emits wave energy diagrams in response to the excitation of the wave energy on that surface. The excitation of the wavelength on the effective surface is induced by providing wavelength signals having predetermined relative amplitudes and phases to the individual dipoles 10.

The spacing of the dipoles 10 along the linear arrangement, the length of the linear arrangement, and the number of desired dipoles 10 are selected according to the principles common to one skilled in the art. Obviously, for design

Other antenna elements other than dipoles can be used. Other commonly used antenna elements are radiation funnels, waveguide slots and spirals.

In the antenna of FIG. 1, the wavelength energy signals are applied to the dipoles 10 from the input via the transmission line 14, the direction couplers and the transmission lines 12a to 12h. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the amplitude of the wavelength signals coupled to each of the dipoles 10 is regulated by the coupling coefficients of the various directional couplers 13a to 12h. The phase of the wavelength signals connected to each of the dipoles 10 is determined by the phase length of the input transmission line 14 of the directional couplers 13 and the transmission lines 12- It will be appreciated that this design allows individual adjustment of the amplitude and phase of the wavelength signals The transmission line used in the embodiment of FIG. 1 may be of any type suitable for use at the antenna operating frequency. Typical transmission lines that can be used are waveguides, coaxial lines and tape transmission lines. The directional couplers 1β may be of any type suitable for the selected transmitter type.

The skilled artisan will appreciate that other means to provide wavelength input signals to dipoles 10 in addition to directional couplers may be exemplified by reactive power dividers or closed mode multi-mode transmission lines.

Giant. 2 shows a wave energy diagram _? The amplitude of the wavelength in the desired pattern is constant over a certain range of the angle λ as shown in Fig. 1a. It is also desirable that there is no radiation at angles outside the desired angular range.

Giant. 2b shows the main lobes of a set of partial orthogonal antenna beams that will be emitted by the antenna of FIG. 1 when powered by a set of wave energy signals whose amplitudes and phases are selected according to the prior art. The sub-beams 16a to 16e will be emitted as a result of partial excitation of the effective surface having uniform amplitude on all elements and phase distributions that are perpendicular to each other. The orthogonal phase distributions have a phase change relative to each other that is a multiple multiple across the effective area of the antenna.

- 12 229 ШН

In Fig. 2b, a beam denoted by a 16c beam will be emitted by a reference partial excitation having the same amplitude and phase on all elements. Bundles labeled 16b and 16d are radiated by additional partial excitation of the active surface that have a phase change plus 2 ^ or minus 2 &apos; relative to excitation by beam 16c. Volumes labeled 16a and 16e are radiated by partial excitation having a phase change plus 4 ^ or minus 4 ? t * against reference excitation corresponding to beam 16c.

Giant. 2c is a composite radiation diagram resulting from the superposition of five beams in FIG. 2b. This radiation pattern is obtained when the effective surface is provided with a compound excitation having an amplitude and phase distribution that is a superposition of the partial excitation of the effective surface resulting in the beams of Fig. 2b.

• Giant. 3a shows the phase distributions 17a to 17c of the active field partial excitation that can be used to emit beams 16a to 16e according to FIG. 2b. This prior art phase distribution leads to the formation of a point 18 on the effective area of the antenna on which all partial excitations have the same phase.

- 13 229 603

In order to form the desired composite radiation pattern shown in FIG. 2c from the linear arrangement shown in FIG. 1 using a prior art technique such as that detailed in Section 1. 2.13 of the Aitenna Engineering Handbook by Henry Jasik (McGrrw-Hlll, 1961), it is necessary to use an active field excitation which is a superposition of compound active field excitations corresponding to the partial antenna beams of FIG. 2b. In the example shown, all partial antenna beams have the same amplitude, so it would be desirable that all partial excitation of the effective area have the same amplitude. The phase distributions 17a to 17e of the partial excitation of the effective area that lead to the sub-antenna beams 16a to 16e of Fig. 2b are shown in Fig. 3a. In order to achieve the desired phase and α β pitudes excitation for the antenna elements 10a to 10h. a vector sum of the partial excitation of the effective area at the location where each of the antenna elements 10a to 10h are located on the active area is required. Since all-field excitations have an equal amplitude distribution over the effective area and each has the same amplitude and phase of the desired armor on each antenna element is determined by a vector sum of five vectors (one for each partial excitation)

- 14. 228 803 of the active area) of the same amplitude, each having a phase determined by the phase distribution shown in FIG. 3a.

For example, according to the prior art, the excitation for the antenna element 10a is determined by summing the l ^dti detectors which have the same apuud and whose phases are -7Λ74, -7 $ 88, 0, + 7 / Γ / 3 and + 7 / F / 4. · Tyt® phases are determined by the phase distributions value 17a to 17e at the location of the antenna element 10a on the effective area, this unstarting being 1/8 of the edge distance

Similarly, for example, the excitation for the antenna element 10d is determined by summing the five vectors fitting the same amplitude and the gauge - ^ / 4, -5t → 8, 0, + $ 73 and + $ 74. Fig. 3 and the vectors have the same amplitude and the non-zero phase vectors are in pairs with the same and the opposite relative phase, the resulting phases will be zero.

Giant. 3b shows the resulting excitation categories for each of the elements 10a to 10h. It can be seen. This means that the excitation amplitudes for the elements 10d and 10e significantly exceed the average amplitude excitation of the elements.

229 603

After determining the amplitude and phase of the excitation required for each of the elements 10a to 10h of the arrangement of Figure 1, the desired excitation can be achieved by appropriately selecting coupling values for the coupling elements 13a to 13h and the transmission line 12a to 12h. To this end, it is necessary to calculate the percentage of the total energy supplied to all antenna elements together, which must be supplied to each of the individual elements. The coupling value for each of the coupling elements 13a to 13h is then calculated based on the partial energy to be supplied to each element with respect to the energy remaining in the transmission line 14, 14a. 14b ... 14g at the inlet to a particular coupler with respect to the energy previously dissipated. Thus, depending on the type of transmission line used, it may be necessary to count on the loss of power in the transmission line 14. 14a. 14b. ·· 14g. The phase of the wavelength energy supplied to each of the elements 10a to 10h is adjusted by varying the length of the respective transmission lines 12a to 12h. Fig. 3b shows the amplitude excitation that would be obtained for each of the elements 10a to 10h if the prior art synthesis technique was used to construct the composite radiation diagram shown in Fig. 2c. As can be seen from FIG. 3b and as shown above, they have

16,228,803 the resulting phase changes in the prior art tend to induce amplification and pumping techniques for antenna elements in a wide area of the effective area. In the aaplitd excitation assembly shown in FIG. 3b, the elements 10b and 10e have much greater amplitude excitation than the remaining elements. In the illustrated case, the amplitude excitation difference can be 10: 1 in terms of. voltage, which means a 100: 1 difference in terms of energy,. to be added to the elements of the antenna arrangement.

Accordingly, it is an object of the invention, as mentioned above, to provide an antenna for emitting a desired radiation pattern without substantially amplifying the excitation on any of the elements of the active surface. Aitene is constructed according to the invention in terms of topol; gic circuit layout and in u? Certain construction techniques identical to earlier antennas, but to achieve the desired amplitude and phase excitations for the antenna elements are. uses different sets of partial values. Vyníá.ez Thus. eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art design of the active surface, which leads to a substantial increase in the energy supplied to certain elements of the antenna arrangement.

- '17 τ.

229 803

Giant. 4a shows the phase distribution 17 'and 1' 7 'of the partial excitation of the effective area, which are selected according to the invention. It should be noted that a reference excitation of 17% and a 'further' sub-excitation are given which have both a positive and negative phase change to the reference excitation. Also note that the partial excitation is 17% and 17%. which have a positive phase change, also have a 17% average phase offset / ax relative to the reference bleach,. and these average phase shifts x 'and x have a monotonous relationship to the phase change of their respective pounding' 11 'and 17%. A partial pounding of 17% by a phase change of 4. # has a larger average phase flux χ ^ζ than a partial pumping of 17%. which has a phase change of 2 ° C and the average phase 'shift x "Similarly the partial excitation of 17% and 17%. which have a negative phase change also have a reference excitation. 11'c the average phase shifts χ and χΖ, and these average 'phase shifts x' and χΖ are 'related to the phase change of their respective partial excitations. 17d and 11'a · The average specific 'phase' of all excitations relative to the reference excitation have the same 8щв1. The use of a shift in the shielding direction prevents phase amplification of the partial excitations at any point of the effective area of the antenna.

-18 22В 803

In the embodiment represented by the phase diode of FIG. 4a, the pounding 17 'has the same average phase shift x' as the pounding 17%. Similarly, a pounding of 17% has the same average phase displacement 5 as the growth of 17%. It should be noted that the average phase shifts of the pulses having a positive phase change may be a different monooon function of the phase change than the average phase shifts of the excitation having a negative phase change. In the illustrated embodiment, both functions will have a different sign, since the diameters always have the same sign and the phase changes are the opposite sign in both cases.

The effect of introducing an average phase shift of the partial excitation of the effective area is to remove the phase gain point in the compound excitation. Giant. 4b shows the amplitude of the compound excitation on the various first 10a to 10e. polle arrangement Art. 1, which composite 'excitation' results from a superposition of sub-excitation of 17% to 17%. Comparing Figs. 3b and 4d, it was shown that the relative amma and excitation for the 10d and 10e elements was reduced by approximately 60%, the AmH that buenn, which must be attached to the remaining elements arranged, was reasonably increased so that to 'more evenly distribute' the amplitude in the composite excitation of the effective area.

229 903

The actual amplitude and phase excitation for the antenna array of the invention is determined in a manner similar to that of the prior art, except that the partial excitation of the effective area having a phase shift similar to that shown in both. 4a, used to blink ampute and phase pulsations for various elements of the antenna array.

The effect of the average phase shifted partial excitation of the effective area is the corresponding phase change in the radiated beams. Thus, if the partial excitation of FIG. 4a is used, the antenna beam 16b of FIG. 2b is recovered from the excitation of 17% in FIG. 4a. The sub-beam 16b will have a phase difference with respect to the reference sub-beam 16c equal to an average phase shift x of the partial excitation of 17%. The effect of the phase difference between the antenna beams on the composite antenna radiation is small, since the phase difference of the limit. Ah. the adjacent antenna beams are me. In the embodiment of Fig. 4a, adjacent beams are shifted by approximately ^ / 2 in phase. This phase difference between adjacent beams causes an increase in ripple on the composite antenna day diagram shown in Fig. 2c. The amount of ripple increases

20, 229, 603 with an increase in the phase difference between adjacent beams.

The desired shape of the radiation diagrim may be other than the uniform amplitude of Fig. 2.

In particular applications, radiation diagrams that are convergent or even multi-dimensional may be required. In such a case, the desired diagram may be obtained by synthesis, using partial pumping with different relative amplitudes.

•

In some cases they may. have partial pumping even the opposite weakness. However, the invention can be used in such cases without any difficulty.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that a finer detail of the diagram and a more accurate match between the 'composite' radiation pattern of the antenna diagram and the desired radiation pattern is achieved by using a larger effective area of the antenna with reasonably smaller partial antenna beams. The choice of effective area size will, of course, be influenced by the commuromis between the lower cost of the smaller effective area and the better approximation to the desired diagram, which is achieved by the large crop area.

- 21 229 903

Using the basic principles of the invention, as mentioned above, antenna systems can be constructed in various shapes. The linear arrangement of FIG. 1 may be combined with other linear arrangements to form an antenna of the invention and a planar or cylindrical arrangement. The compound punching technique of the present invention is also applicable to the perpendicular plane of an antenna assembly that utilizes a plurality of linear configurations of FIG. 1. It is also clear that the effective antenna area does not need to be an arrangement of different elements. Once compound compound pounding has been formulated using a synthetic technique, it is possible to achieve irradiation on the active surface consisting of. from transmitting or reflecting focusing devices excited by conventional devices, for example by a plurality of irradiators.

irradiator In such an application, the arm represents an excitation / partial excitation on the focusing device and the compound excitation on the effective area is given by the simultaneous excitation of all the irradiators.

Na obi ?. 5 shows a linear antenna arrangement 10 constructed in accordance with the invention. In the system of FIG

229 803

22 In this embodiment, the amplitude of the wave energy supplied to each of the slots 20 is determined by the fraction of the wave energy in the waveguide connected to the slot 20, which is a function of the angle of the slot 20 in the side wall of the waveguide 19. The phase of the wave energy connected to each of the slots 20 is determined by the phase of the wave energy in the waveguide 19 at the location of the slot 20. The phase of any slot 20 can be changed 180 ° by reversing the slope angle of the slot. Once the composite drive, amplitude and phase excitation has been determined according to the invention, it is possible to position the slits 20 along the waveguide 19 so that the wave energy signals introduced at the inlet end of the waveguide 19 are coupled to the desired phase slot 20; the slope angle of each slot 20 is adjusted such that the slots 20 will have the desired amplitude of the wavelength energy signals that are attached thereto.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is particularly advantageous since there is a practical limit to the fraction of energy in the waveguide 19 which can be connected to each of the slots 40. The invention facilitates the fitting of the embodiment of FIG. 229 803 by the fact that the use of such excitation is effective *. The surface area having a more uniform amplitude distribution of the wavelength energy signals that are connected to each of the slot elements 20.

Transmitting antenna systems have been considered in describing the various embodiments of the invention described above, but it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the principles of the invention are also applicable to receiving antenna systems.

To avoid misunderstandings, it should be noted that the effective or radiant surface of the antenna indicates the span in which the waves are transmitted or captured by the antenna, and this span may be given by the external dimensions of the antenna array or reflector.

Claims (10)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION a 229 803 An antenna system for radiating wave energy in a desired radiation pattern, with an effective antenna area, enclosing an arrangement of at least two antenna elements distributed across the effective area. for radiating wave energy modes in response to excitation of the waveguide energy, and further comprising a power supply circuit for connecting the supplied wavelength to the antenna elements having a transmission Inca for each antenna element, the respective transmission lines - all connected to the common power circuit by respective couplers; the separate intermediate phase shifts causing the phase shifts, the coupling coefficients of the respective couplers and the lengths of the respective phase shifting energy paths are of such mutual size that they provide the wavelength energy supply on the respective antenna elements with predetermined relative phases and characteristics. - on the effective surface of the antenna, it generates a composite excitation with wave energy, which is a vector sum of a plurality of partial excitations - the effective surface, measured at the location indicated 229 603 of the element on the effective surface, the partial excitation comprising a reference partial excitation and a secondary partial excitation having both positive and negative phase change relative to the reference partial excitation, characterized in that the supply circuit is (12a ... 13a ... 14a ... 15.19) - the wavelength has a transmission line for each respective antenna element (10a, 10b ... 10h; 20a, 20b ... 20h) and has respective coupling coefficients the transmission lines and the length of the meeile energy paths to determine the phase shift of the meei by the transmission imperfections of each antenna element by selecting a positive phase change excitation having an average phase shift relative to the reference excitation which is the first monotone phase change function; , referring to reference excitation - average phase shift, which is the second monotone function of phase change The excitation, wherein all excitations, which have a phase change with respect to the reference excitation, have the same mixture of average displacements relative to the reference excitation, and wherein the partial excitation are simultaneously. is selected so as to bear at least one relative maximum amplitude-to-position relative to each other between adjacent antenna elements (10a, -10b - ... 10h). - 26 229 603 Antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective area consists of a linear arrangement of the antenna elements. Antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective surface consists of a planar arrangement of the antenna elements. Antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective area consists of a cylindrical arrangement of the antenna elements. Antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply circuit (12a, 12b ... 12h; 14a, 14b ... 14g; 15) comprises an input (14) for receiving the delivered wave energy, at least two transmission lines, and direction couplers (13a, 13b ··· 13h) for coupling the supplied wave energy from said input (14) to each of the antenna elements with predetermined phases and amplitudes. Antenna assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that the linear arrangement of the antenna elements consists of a linear arrangement of the slots in the waveguide, and means for supplying a wave energy. The 229 603 gie to the antenna element consist of the waveguide (19), wherein the waveguide slots are oriented and sealed in the waveguide, taking into account the known effects of slot orientation and phase excitation and amplitude excitation such that the waveguide supplies composite wave energy to the slot elements. with predetermined relative phases and ampoules to produce a composite wave energy excitation. 7. An 'antenna system' according to clause 6, characterized in that the waveguide (19) is a rectangular waveguide. 8. An antenna system according to claim 7, characterized by. in that the slots (20a, 20b ... 20h) are formed. on one of the narrow M walls of the waveguide (19). 9. The antenna system of claim 7, wherein the slits are formed in one of the wide walls of the waveguide. 10. An array system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the partial excitation of the effective area comprises excitation of uniform amplitude and orthogonal phase.