US3900605A - Method of forming traffic markers having short track-free times - Google Patents

Method of forming traffic markers having short track-free times Download PDF

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Publication number
US3900605A
US3900605A US394587A US39458773A US3900605A US 3900605 A US3900605 A US 3900605A US 394587 A US394587 A US 394587A US 39458773 A US39458773 A US 39458773A US 3900605 A US3900605 A US 3900605A
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coating composition
less
track
free
particulate material
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US394587A
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Jr Robert W Norris
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Priority to US394587A priority Critical patent/US3900605A/en
Priority to JP49015815A priority patent/JPS5056898A/ja
Priority to CA206,205A priority patent/CA1005804A/en
Priority to ZA00745016A priority patent/ZA745016B/xx
Priority to NL7411149A priority patent/NL7411149A/xx
Priority to BE148020A priority patent/BE819331A/xx
Priority to DE2441546A priority patent/DE2441546A1/de
Priority to AR255402A priority patent/AR214275A1/es
Priority to BR7340/74A priority patent/BR7407340A/pt
Priority to IT69676/74A priority patent/IT1020710B/it
Priority to FR7430106A priority patent/FR2242518B1/fr
Priority to GB38613/74A priority patent/GB1488881A/en
Priority to AU72985/74A priority patent/AU486322B2/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/506—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users characterised by the road surface marking material, e.g. comprising additives for improving friction or reflectivity; Methods of forming, installing or applying markings in, on or to road surfaces
    • E01F9/524—Reflecting elements specially adapted for incorporation in or application to road surface markings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/506—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users characterised by the road surface marking material, e.g. comprising additives for improving friction or reflectivity; Methods of forming, installing or applying markings in, on or to road surfaces

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This invention relates to a method of forming traffic markers which, when applied to a traffic-bearing surface, have substantially shorter trackfree times than the pigmented organic coating compositions which are utilized in the system.
  • the method comprises applying a coating composition to the substrate and then applying to the coating composition, while it remains wet, light reflecting particulate materials sized so that at least about 0ne-half their mass becomes embedded in the coating composition, while having a diameter greater than the thickness of the paint.
  • the particulate material is applied at such a rate that the individual particles are separated from each other in the marker by less than their average diameter.
  • Traffic directing markings are subject to continuous wear and exposure to the elements as well as road chemicals and require periodic reapplication.
  • traffic directing paints When traffic directing paints are applied to an area which is travelled there is usually a significant time, during which, if the marker is not protected, the paint which is not firm or dry, can be picked up by the tires of vehicles, for example, and tracked, leaving confusing or unattractive random markings upon the traffic surface, reducing or destroying the effectiveness and/or durability of the traffic marker.
  • cones or flags or other temporary obstacles are frequently placed to'protect the marker until it is no longer subject to tracking. These temporary obstacles, which impede the normal traffic flow, must then be removed in a separate operation.
  • the majority of traffic marking systems employ the use of a variety of light reflecting or scattering particulate material, preferably glass beads or spheres.
  • the art has examined glass spheres and their use in traffic marker paints extensively, dealing with their optimum reflectivity, the modification of their properties by coating, and the problems of securely embedding the spheres in a paint film.
  • the traffic marker compositions comprise a pigmented synthetic organic vehicle resin having embedded therein substantial amounts of a relatively large light scattering or reflecting particulate material, the average diameter of the particulate material being greater than the film thickness.
  • the resultant compositions have short track-free times, substantially shorter than the track-free times of the pigmented coating compositions without the particulate material.
  • the track-free times measured in the order of seconds can be achieved employing the compositions and methods of the invention.
  • the pigmented coating compositions employed in the marker system of the invention should dry trackfree in about 6 minutes or less and preferably 3 minutes or less. Drying, as utilized herein, encompasses all the forms referred to a layman that is becoming tack-free by solvent evaporation, cooling, chemical crosslinking, polymerization and the like.
  • the marker system comprises a pigmented organic binder, which dries trackfree in about 6 minutes or less, at the wet film thickness employed; the organic coating composition being applied in a relatively thin film, for example, at about l5 mils wet film thickness or less, for example, preferably at about l0 mils.
  • the final dry marker system has embedded in the dry coating film relatively large reflecting particulate material, having been incorporated into the coating, for example, by dropping or blowing the particulate material into the wet coating film before it has dried.
  • the reflecting particulate material is of such size that it penetrates substantially the depth of the binder or coating film, so that the base of the particles are in proximity to or substantially resting upon the substrate, the preponderance of the particulate matter forming at least a monolayer of particulate material with at least one-half of the particle embedded in the binder layer, the particles being in close proximity to each other, that is touching or separated only by a very thin paint film which may be adhering to some of the particles, but which appear to the eye as essentially touching.
  • the individual particles may be separated by a distance no greater than about the average diameter of the particle.
  • a thin, pigmented, fluid paint film is applied to the traffic surface and there is then applied an excess of particulate material, sufficient to fully cover the binder coating.
  • the excess which is not substantially bound to or embedded in the pigmented resinous binder remains at least temporarily to provide additional protection to the marker system, which is track-free so rapidly that even this fugitive protection is of benefit.
  • substantially bound is meant bound to the extent that the action of a broom sweeping lightly over the surface will not dislodge the particulate material.
  • the fluid, synthetic organic vehicle resin containing, coating compositions or binder employed in the marker compositions of the invention may vary widely. These compositions are well known in the art and need not be described in great detail. Further, a large number of coating compositions are known as having utility as coatings for materials such as concrete or asphaltic materials or have been described as useful as traffic paints. Virtually any synthetic organic polymeric binder may be employed which has sufficient adhesion to the substrate and to the particulate material to provide mechanical integrity to the marker system, and which when formulated into a pigmented coating composition yields a coating composition which drys track-free in about six minutes or less and preferably three minutes or less. This drying time is the time inherent for the coating composition per se absent the addition of light reflecting particulate material.
  • the synthetic organic vehicle resin used to formulate the pigmented coating composition may be either thermoplastic or thermosetting and. in addition to the pigment and the organic vehicle resin, the coating composition may contain adjuvants such as solvents, plasticizers, crosslinking agents, catalysts, flow modifiers and the like in accordance to known conventional formulating techniques.
  • the coating composition is solvent based, the solvent being employed to obtain appropriate application viscosities and track-free times.
  • the coating composition may be a high solids or solvent-free coating composition such as hot melt coatings, polymer-monomer systems such as an unsatu rated polyesterstyrene system or fluid polymer systems which cure upon application such as a polyurethane 3 systems or an epoxy based systems.
  • Solvent based systems include acrylic resins, vinyl resins, alkyd or polyester resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, phenoplast and aminoplast resins among others.
  • the coating composition is pigmented so that the traffic directing marker may be seen under varied conditions.
  • the usual colors employed in traffic paints are yellow and white, although the coating composition may be pigmented to any desired color.
  • Typical pigments include rutile and anatase titanium dioxide, chrome yellow (lead chromate) and the like.
  • the compositions may likewise contain extender pigments such as silica, clay, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and magnesium silicate and the like. Coloring of the compositions can be augmented by, or totally produced by, the use of colored light reflecting particulate material.
  • the pigmented coating composition is applied to the traffic surface in a conventional manner, most preferably by spraying. Preferably it is applied at a wet film thickness of about l5 mils or less, most preferably at about mils or less. Exceptional short track-free times in the order of a few seconds have been obtained with employing wet film thickness of about 10 mils or less.
  • the reflective or light scattering particulate material embedded in the coating composition may be subject to wide variation.
  • the term light reflective or reflecting particulate material as employed herein is intended to encompass those materials which scatter light such as sand, as well as true retroreflective materials such as glass spheres.
  • glass spheres are well known in the art.
  • the spheres commercially available are not homogeneous in size and are usually sold as a material wherein the preponderance of the sphere pass specified mesh size sieve and are retained by a smaller specified sieve size.
  • the preponderance of the spheres are about l5 mils but are admixed with some at least slightly smaller spheres.
  • a typical glass sphere composition is one which meets Federal Specification TTB 1325A, Type 1, Class A characterized as follows: 100% passing mesh, 80l00% passing mesh, 18-35% passing 50 mesh.
  • Another preferred material is a round sand known as Ottawa sand which. unlike ordinary sand, is relatively smooth and spheroidal in shape.
  • Ottawa sand is relatively smooth and spheroidal in shape.
  • Two particularly useful grades are:
  • polymethylmethacrylate polystyrene polyvinyl chloride copolymers and vinyl acetate copolymers and the like.
  • the materials can be employed alone or in combination with glass spheres, spheroidal sand, common sand, crushed glass or other mineral particles, for example, of a mesh size between ab out 20 to about mesh.
  • the light reflecting particulate material should be of such a size so that the preponderance of the particulate material has a diameter greater than the wet film thickness of the coating composition to which it is applied, yet should be of a size small enough so that at least the initial monolayer of particulate material has at least about one-half its mass embedded in the coating composition. Where the material is spheroidal, the circumference of the spheroid should be embedded in the coating composition. While particulate material of substantially the same size can be employed, the typical commercially available materials vary in size over a range, however these materials are readily useful in the marker system of the invention provided that the preponderance of the particulate material is of the desired size. For example, where a 15 mil wet film is applied, the particulate material should be in the range of about l9 mils to 35 mils or about 20 mesh to about 35 mesh.
  • the weight of the particulate light material applied per unit area necessary to achieve the desired coverage may be readily calculated, assuming a monolayer of beads equally distributed, for example, by the following formula:
  • W 2.5985 XVXG
  • w weight of spheres (grams) A unit area (centimeter S distance between centers of spheres (centimeters) V volume of sphere (centimeter (0.52 X D) G specific gravity of spheres (grams/centimeter) D diameter of sphere (centimeter).
  • w weight of spheres (grams) A unit area (centimeter S distance between centers of spheres (centimeters) V volume of sphere (centimeter (0.52 X D) G specific gravity of spheres (grams/centimeter) D diameter of sphere (centimeter).
  • the spheres should be, at a maximum, about one which can be employed in the marker system of the in vention include organic polymeric particles preferably in the form of spheroids or beads. Such materials indiameter apart and more preferably, the spheres should be about one-half a diameter or less apart.
  • at one diameter distance between spheres S equals 0.0762 centimeter W is about 13 grams; at one-half diameter distance between spheres, S equals 0.057l centimeter and W is about 24 grams.
  • the above formula can be used to calculate the necessary weight of a spheroidal material at any size. thus where heavy particles, or larger diameter particles are used the necessary weight is greater. if light weight plastic materials are used the necessary weight will be less.
  • nq -spheroidal particles such as crushed glass or ordinary white beach sand
  • the diameter may be considered as the average diameter of the particles.
  • the process of the invention comprises applying to the traffie bearing surface a wet film of the pigmented organic coating composition and then applying the light reflecting particulate material to said coating composition before it dries or increases in viscosity to the point where the light reflecting particulate material will not substantially penetrate the coating film.
  • the light reflecting particulate material is applied to the surface of the coating composition either by dropping on or preferably by being applied at a substantial velocity, for example. by means of a pressurized spray gun.
  • the apparatus which can be employed in a preferred embodiment is the type of apparatus heretofore used to apply traffic paints. in its simplest form, it comprises a wheeled vehicle having mounted thereon two separate pressurized vessels. one containing coating compositions, the other light reflecting particulate material. The two materials are supplied under pressure to two separate spray guns which apply the two materials as the vehicle moves forward. in rapid succession. first the paint film and second the particulate material.
  • the light reflecting particulate material with a specific gravity the order of glass spheres or sand. is usually applied to a four inch wide strip at a rate of at least about 80 lbs. per mile and preferably 160 lbs. or more per mile.
  • particulate material of the size employed could be substantially bound to the coating composition, in practice. apparently due to the fact that the particulate material is applied with a lateral force vector. at least some of the coating material is rolled up or perhaps splashed upon the surfaces or rises between the particulate material so that frequently a substantial amount of particulate material in excess of that which forms a closely packed monolayer is substantially bound to the coating film. While some of this particulate material may sometimes become reasonably rapidly dislodged during use, it serves a highly useful initial purpose and contributes to the overall durability of the system.
  • an added benefit derived from the marker systems disclosed herein is that when employed as crosswalk markers the marker systems of the invention contribute antislip characteristics, especially in wet weather, and increases the useful life of the line as compared to conventional marker systems.
  • the apparatus was operated at a brisk walk, the paint being applied from the first spray gun at a wet film thickness of l7 mils, followed immediately by the application from the second spray gun of the glass spheres.
  • the air temperature was No pick-up or track-free times were measured by rolling a rubber vehicle tire over the deposited marker, the rubber tire having approximately the same weight per unit contact area as a passenger sedan tire.
  • the resultant no pick-up, track-free times for varying amounts of glass spheres was plotted and shown in FIG. 1.
  • the quantity of spheres is shown for a solid line four inches wide in pounds per mile as well as grams per square foot and pounds per gallon.
  • the paint was applied to glass panels to facilitate measurements. Observation of the underside of the glass panel showed numerous relatively color-free areas indicating penetration of the glass spheres through the paint film so that the glass spheres were resting in substantial contact with the substrate.
  • Example 1 was repeated with a wet paint film thickness of mils. The results for varying amounts of glass spheres was plotted against time. See FIG. 1. Trackfree times as low as 30 seconds were recorded although the paint inherently had a track-free time of 2 minutes.
  • glass spheres In an air conditioned building, paint was applied to glass panels using a Bird applicator. The wet film thick ness was 10 mils. A preweighed amount of glass spheres (Federal Specification TT-B-l325A, Type 1, Class A) was applied to the wet film by shaking from a salt shaker having 19 holes of 0.055 inch diameter in the top. Distribution of the glass spheres was rapid and as even as possible.
  • Track-free times were measured in accordance with ASTM No. D-7l l-67. The results were plotted; see FIG. 1, although the paint per se demonstrated a trackfree time of about 5 minutes track-free times as low as 30 seconds were achieved employing the system of the invention.
  • Example 3 was repeated except that the light reflecting particulate material was a mixture of one-half glass spheres and one-half Ottawa Sand, Crystal Grade. Track-free times were determined for varying amounts of particulate material and plotted against quantity, see FIG. 2. It has been noted that on a wet road, mixtures of glass spheres and spheroidal sand are more visable than glass spheres, alone.
  • Example 3 was repeated except that the particulate material applied was Crystal Grade, Ottawa Sand. Track-free times were determined for varying amounts of sand and plotted against quantity, see FIG. 2.
  • Example 3 was repeated except that the light reflecting particulate material applied was a mixture of onehalf glass spheres and one-half Del Monte White Beach Sand (30 mesh). Track-free times were determined for varying amounts of particulate material and plotted against quantity, see FIG. 2.
  • Example 3 was repeated except that the light reflecting particulate material applied was a mixture of onehalf glass spheres and one-half Federal Fine Grade of Ottawa Sand. Track-free times were determined for varying amounts of particulate material and plotted against quantity; see FlG. 3.
  • Example 3 was repeated except that the light reflecting particulate material applied was Federal Fine Grade Ottawa Sand. Track-free times were determined for varying amounts of particulate material and plotted against quantity; see FIG. 3.
  • Example 9 Example 3 was repeated except that the light reflecting particulate material was a mixture of one-half glass spheres and one-half Crystal Grade Ottawa Sand ap- 8 plied in two increments, first the glass spheres being applied and second the sand. Track-free times were determined for varying amounts of particulate material and plotted against quantity; see FIG. 3.
  • EXAMPLES lO-l 2 Example 4 was repeated except that the paint film was applied at l l, 13 and 15 mils thicknesses, respectively, the particulate material being a mixture of onehalf glass spheres and one-half Crystal Grade Ottawa Sand. Track-free times were determined for varying amounts of particulate materials for each film thickness and plotted against quantity as examples 10, l l and I2; see FIG. 4.
  • compositions of the invention in other ways.
  • a mixture of pigmented fusible resin particles or powder and light reflective particulate material may be applied to the substrate and heat fused to the substrate for example by the use of flame torches which heat the pavement and/or the fusible mixture causing the resin powder to flow and form a film having light reflective particulate material therein.
  • a method of applying a traffic directing marker to a paved trafi'ic bearing surface which comprises:
  • the light reflective particulate material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of glass spheres, spheroidal sand and mixtures thereof.
  • a method of applying a traffic directing marker to a paved traffic bearing surface which comprises:
  • the wet coating composition has a film thickness of about mils or 10 less and the light reflecting particulate material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of glass spheres, spheroidal sand, and a mixture of glass spheres and spheroidal sand.
  • the wet coating composition has a film thickness of about 15 mils or less and the light reflecting particulate material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of glass spheres, spheroidal sand, and a mixture of glass spheres and spheroidal sand.
  • the wet coating composition has a film thickness of about 15 mils or less and the light reflecting particulate material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of glass spheres, spheroidal sand, and a mixture 01' glass spheres and spheroidal sand.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
US394587A 1973-09-05 1973-09-05 Method of forming traffic markers having short track-free times Expired - Lifetime US3900605A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US394587A US3900605A (en) 1973-09-05 1973-09-05 Method of forming traffic markers having short track-free times
JP49015815A JPS5056898A (it) 1973-09-05 1974-02-07
CA206,205A CA1005804A (en) 1973-09-05 1974-08-02 Traffic markers and method for formation
ZA00745016A ZA745016B (en) 1973-09-05 1974-08-06 Traffic makers and method for formation
NL7411149A NL7411149A (nl) 1973-09-05 1974-08-21 Verkeerswegmarkering.
BE148020A BE819331A (fr) 1973-09-05 1974-08-29 Marques pour chaussees et procedes pour la constitution de celles-ci
DE2441546A DE2441546A1 (de) 1973-09-05 1974-08-30 Verkehrsmarkierung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
AR255402A AR214275A1 (es) 1973-09-05 1974-08-30 Una composicion de revestimento marcadora dispuesta sobre una superficie pavimentada,sobre la cual pasa el transito,y que posee un marcador indicador de transito
BR7340/74A BR7407340A (pt) 1973-09-05 1974-09-03 Estrutura compreendendo uma superficie de vias de transito pavimentadas e processo de aplicacao de uma composicao orientadora de transito a uma superficie de vias de transito pavimentadas
IT69676/74A IT1020710B (it) 1973-09-05 1974-09-03 Composizione e procedimento per la formazione di segnalazioni stradali orizzontali
FR7430106A FR2242518B1 (it) 1973-09-05 1974-09-04
GB38613/74A GB1488881A (en) 1973-09-05 1974-09-04 Traffic markers and methods of formation
AU72985/74A AU486322B2 (en) 1973-09-05 1974-09-04 Traffic markers and method for formation

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JP (1) JPS5056898A (it)
AR (1) AR214275A1 (it)
BE (1) BE819331A (it)
BR (1) BR7407340A (it)
CA (1) CA1005804A (it)
DE (1) DE2441546A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2242518B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1488881A (it)
IT (1) IT1020710B (it)
NL (1) NL7411149A (it)
ZA (1) ZA745016B (it)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4025476A (en) * 1975-10-03 1977-05-24 Prismo Universal Corporation Traffic paint method and composition
USRE30463E (en) * 1979-03-30 1980-12-30 Prismo Universal Corporation Traffic paint method and composition
US4288487A (en) * 1978-04-07 1981-09-08 Ludwig Eigenmann Method of forming surface markings on roadway areas, and roadway areas produced thereby
US4750635A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-06-14 Wsf Industries, Inc. Safety latch mechanism for closure of a pressure vessel
US5167705A (en) * 1990-03-16 1992-12-01 Coughlan Thomas N High opacity, thin coat concept airport runway line-marking paints
WO2000009811A1 (en) * 1998-08-11 2000-02-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Wear-resistant transportation surface marking method and materials
US6036764A (en) * 1997-06-13 2000-03-14 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Yellow pigment blend for hot melt traffic markings
US6103053A (en) * 1992-09-11 2000-08-15 Saylor, Jr.; Edward T. Method for making a slip-resistant cover system

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2498221A1 (fr) * 1981-01-19 1982-07-23 Potters Ballotini Sa Procede pour la realisation de marquages routiers retroreflechissants et moyens pour leur mise en oeuvre
US4564556A (en) * 1984-09-24 1986-01-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Transparent non-vitreous ceramic particulate
CA1308845C (en) * 1986-01-13 1992-10-13 Roger W. Lange Pavement markings containing transparent non-vitreous ceramic microspheres
EP0280102B1 (de) * 1987-02-27 1991-07-31 Plastiroute S.A. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen oder Erneuern einer Horizontalmarkierung auf Strassen und nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Horizontalmarkierung
JPH04261676A (ja) * 1991-02-15 1992-09-17 Shiiretsukusu Kk 水陸兼用眼鏡

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US1626508A (en) * 1926-01-04 1927-04-26 Joseph C Carlson Surfacing for automobile parts and the like
US2326634A (en) * 1941-12-26 1943-08-10 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reflex light reflector
US2354049A (en) * 1944-01-19 1944-07-18 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Backless reflex light reflector
US2354048A (en) * 1940-08-03 1944-07-18 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Flexible lenticular optical sheet
US2354018A (en) * 1940-08-03 1944-07-18 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Light reflector sheet
US2897733A (en) * 1955-12-22 1959-08-04 Baltimore Paint & Color Works Traffic marker, material, and method
US3036928A (en) * 1959-12-18 1962-05-29 Cataphote Corp Retroreflective composition and method of applying same
US3288618A (en) * 1962-08-16 1966-11-29 Prismo Safety Corp Colored reflective coating composition
US3614199A (en) * 1968-07-03 1971-10-19 Gerald Altman Reflex reflecting products, processes and devices useful with such products
US3746425A (en) * 1970-04-07 1973-07-17 Eigenmann Ludwig Reflective road marking means and aggregate
US3770483A (en) * 1968-02-28 1973-11-06 Komine Auto Center K K Noctilucent reflective helmet

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1626508A (en) * 1926-01-04 1927-04-26 Joseph C Carlson Surfacing for automobile parts and the like
US2354048A (en) * 1940-08-03 1944-07-18 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Flexible lenticular optical sheet
US2354018A (en) * 1940-08-03 1944-07-18 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Light reflector sheet
US2326634A (en) * 1941-12-26 1943-08-10 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reflex light reflector
US2354049A (en) * 1944-01-19 1944-07-18 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Backless reflex light reflector
US2897733A (en) * 1955-12-22 1959-08-04 Baltimore Paint & Color Works Traffic marker, material, and method
US3036928A (en) * 1959-12-18 1962-05-29 Cataphote Corp Retroreflective composition and method of applying same
US3288618A (en) * 1962-08-16 1966-11-29 Prismo Safety Corp Colored reflective coating composition
US3770483A (en) * 1968-02-28 1973-11-06 Komine Auto Center K K Noctilucent reflective helmet
US3614199A (en) * 1968-07-03 1971-10-19 Gerald Altman Reflex reflecting products, processes and devices useful with such products
US3746425A (en) * 1970-04-07 1973-07-17 Eigenmann Ludwig Reflective road marking means and aggregate

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4025476A (en) * 1975-10-03 1977-05-24 Prismo Universal Corporation Traffic paint method and composition
US4288487A (en) * 1978-04-07 1981-09-08 Ludwig Eigenmann Method of forming surface markings on roadway areas, and roadway areas produced thereby
USRE30463E (en) * 1979-03-30 1980-12-30 Prismo Universal Corporation Traffic paint method and composition
US4750635A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-06-14 Wsf Industries, Inc. Safety latch mechanism for closure of a pressure vessel
US5167705A (en) * 1990-03-16 1992-12-01 Coughlan Thomas N High opacity, thin coat concept airport runway line-marking paints
US6103053A (en) * 1992-09-11 2000-08-15 Saylor, Jr.; Edward T. Method for making a slip-resistant cover system
US6036764A (en) * 1997-06-13 2000-03-14 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Yellow pigment blend for hot melt traffic markings
WO2000009811A1 (en) * 1998-08-11 2000-02-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Wear-resistant transportation surface marking method and materials
US6217252B1 (en) 1998-08-11 2001-04-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Wear-resistant transportation surface marking method and materials
AU755796B2 (en) * 1998-08-11 2002-12-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Wear-resistant transportation surface marking method and materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2441546A1 (de) 1975-03-06
JPS5056898A (it) 1975-05-17
ZA745016B (en) 1975-08-27
AR214275A1 (es) 1979-05-31
NL7411149A (nl) 1975-03-07
FR2242518B1 (it) 1982-06-18
FR2242518A1 (it) 1975-03-28
IT1020710B (it) 1977-12-30
AU7298574A (en) 1976-03-11
BE819331A (fr) 1975-02-28
BR7407340A (pt) 1975-11-04
CA1005804A (en) 1977-02-22
GB1488881A (en) 1977-10-12

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