US3895674A - Inlet flow distributor for a heat exchanger - Google Patents

Inlet flow distributor for a heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US3895674A
US3895674A US229000A US22900072A US3895674A US 3895674 A US3895674 A US 3895674A US 229000 A US229000 A US 229000A US 22900072 A US22900072 A US 22900072A US 3895674 A US3895674 A US 3895674A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
disposed
shell
inlet nozzle
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US229000A
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English (en)
Inventor
William G Harris
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Department of Energy
Energy Research and Development Administration ERDA
Original Assignee
US Department of Energy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Department of Energy filed Critical US Department of Energy
Priority to US229000A priority Critical patent/US3895674A/en
Priority to JP1167173A priority patent/JPS5323547B2/ja
Priority to IT20752/73A priority patent/IT979395B/it
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3895674A publication Critical patent/US3895674A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
    • F28F9/0268—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box in the form of multiple deflectors for channeling the heat exchange medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications

Definitions

  • the inlet nozzle of a shell and tube heat exchanger for transferring heat from a liquid metal is disposed in an enlarged portion of the shell and has one or more flow distributors disposed to form an oblique angle with respect to the inlet nozzle and with respect to the tube.
  • the flow distributor cooperates with either a sleeve enwrapping the tubes or a plurality of circu1ar plates having one portion thereof cut away to distribute the incoming fluid evenly to all portions of the tube bundle so that the fluid flows lengthwise along the outer surface of the tubes.
  • a heat exchanger when made in accordance with this invention, has a shell portion and a plurality of tubes disposed lengthwise with respect to the shell.
  • the shell has a head portion adjacent one end thereof, a fluid inlet nozzle adjacent the one end and a flow directing device disposed in the flow path of the fluid between the nozzle and the tubes.
  • the flow directing device is disposed at an oblique angle with respect to the axis of the nozzle and with respect to the axis of the tubes.
  • the flow directing device also cooperates with the shell to cause the fluid introduced through the inlet nozzle to flow lengthwise with respect to the tubes and minimize the resistance to flow while so directing the fluid.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a shell and tube heat exchanger incorporating this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial sectional view showing an embodiment of this invention
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional view similar to FIG. 2 showing a modification
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial sectional view showing another embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken on line V-V of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. I shows a shell and tube heat exchanger or steam generator I having one or more J-shaped tube bundle modules 3 which are nested in a pot or vessel 5.
  • the tube bundles 7 are disposed in two vertical stems or shell portions 9 or II which extend upwardly from the vessel 5.
  • Primary fluid such as a liquid metal. i.e., liquid sodium. enters the longer stem or shell 9 through a primary fluid inlet nozzle 13 disposed adjacent the upper end thereof and flows downwardly within the shell 9 along the outside of the tubes 7.
  • a primary fluid outlet nozzle 15 is disposed in a lower head or end closure 17 of the vessel 5.
  • Secondary fluid such as water or steam enters a secondary fluid inlet nozzle 19 disposed in a head portion 21 closing the upper end of the short stem 11 and flows bundle and then to a head portion 23 disposed at the upper end of the long stem portion 9 and is discharged through a secondary fluid outlet nozzle 25 disposed in the head portion 23.
  • the secondary fluid thus flows in counterflow relation to the primary fluid and extracts heat therefrom in so doing.
  • the primary fluid inlet 13 is disposed in an enlarged portion 27 of the shell 9 adjacent the upper end thereof.
  • a flow distributor or baffle 29 is disposed in the flow path of the primary fluid entering the primary nozzle 13.
  • a sleeve 31 enwraps the tube bundle 7 and extends a short distance above and below the nozzle 13.
  • the flow distributor 29 is an ellipticalshaped plate with an elliptical central opening disposed to form an oblique angle with respect to the primary fluid inlet nozzle 13 and the tube bundle.
  • the outer pcriphery of the flow distributor 29 is adapted to closely fit the expanded portion 27 of the shell 9 and to be attached to the sleeve 31 by welding or other means.
  • the flow distributor 29 is also so disposed with respect to the inlet nozzles to cause the primary fluid entering therethrough to flow around an annular chamber 33 formed between the sleeve and the shell and downwardly toward the lower end of the expanded portion 27. Sloping sides 34 at the lower end of the expanded portion 27 cooperate with the sleeve 31 and the flow distributor 29 to direct the primary fluid into the tube bundle from all sides and then downwardly or lengthwise along the outside surface of the tubes 7.
  • An inert gas blanket is maintained in the upper portion of the long stem 9 above the upper edge of the sleeve 31 and a rupture disk 35 is disposed in the stem or shell in the gas space.
  • a baffle or deflector plate 37 is disposed above the primary fluid level and is positioned at an oblique angle with respect to the tube bundle and with respect to the rupture disk 35.
  • Steel shot 39 fllls the space between the deflector plate 37 and a tube sheet 41 forming an integral portion of the head portion 23.
  • a liner 43 enwraps the tube bundle 7 in the lower portion of the long shell or stem 9. As shown in FIG. 2 the liner 43 and sleeve 31 are separate and there is a space therebetween for the primary liquid to flow through. However, the sleeve 31 and liner 43 could be made integral and openings could be provided adjacent the sloping walls 34 of the shell 9 to allow the primary fluid to enter the tube bundle from all sides to insure even distribution of the primary fluid to the tube bundle 7.
  • the elliptical flow distributor 29 directs the primary fluid upwardly toward the upper end of the sleeve 31.
  • a dish-shaped deflector-45 is disposed above the sleeve and is adapted to prevent the annular upward flow from distu rbing' the interface between the inert gas and the primary fluid.
  • The'deflector 45 also cooperates with the sleeve 31 and flow distributor 29 to turn the flow of primary fluid inwardly and distribute the primary fluid evenly to all portions of the tube bundle 7.
  • An elliptical seal ring is disposed adjacent the peripheral edge of the flow distributor -29 to provide support for the sleeve 31 and prevent the primary fluid from flowing downwardly adjaeent the walls of the shell 9.
  • the flow distributor 29 is also seal welded to the sleeve 31 so that essentially all of the primary fluid will flow upwardly'as it enters the shell 9 through the primary fluid inlet nozzle 13.
  • the liner 43 may be a continuation of the sleeve 31 or may be a separate cylinder depending therefrom.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 each advantageously provide an open relief path to release the pressure build-up which would result from a reaction between the primary and secondary fluid, i.e. the pressure build-up resulting from the gaseous products produced by areaction between sodium and water.
  • the enlarged portion"'49 of the shell 9 may be eccentric rather than concentric with respect to the shell.
  • the primary'fluid inlet nozzle 13 is so disposed as to be the maximum distance from'the tube bundle 7.
  • a plurality of flow distributors or flatplatesSl are disposed at an oblique angle with respect to the primary fluid inlet 13 and the tube bundle 7.
  • the distributor plates 51 are so disposed with respect to each other as to generally diverge as the distance from the inlet nozzle 13 increases.
  • Each distributor plate 51 is cooperatively associated with a generally circular plate 53 through whichthe tubes pass.
  • Each circular plate 53 has a portion thereof cut awayfThe lowest plate has the greatest portion cut away so that it is cresent-shaped. Successively higher circular plates have a smaller portion cut 'away so that the primary'fluid is directed to differentiportions of the tube-bundle.
  • a heat exchanger having'a shell portion. a plurality of tubes disposed lengthwise within'said shell, to form a tube bundle, said shell having a head portion adjacent one end thereof, a fluid inlet nozzle adjacent said one end, a portion of theshell containing sa'idirilet nozzle having a greater diameter than the remainder of the shell and being eccentrically disposed with respect to the remainder of the sehll, the inlet nozzle being so disposed in the greater diameter portion to maximize the distance between thef inlet nozzle and the tubes, and flow directing means disposed in the flow path between said nozzle and saidt ubes, said flow directing means comprises a plurality of flat plates disposed at an oblique angle with respect to the axis of the inlet nozzle and with respect to the axis of the tube bundle, the flat plates being so disposed as to generally diverge as-the distance from the inlet nozzle increases, each of said plates being coopertively associated with a generally circular plate through which the tubes pass, each circular plate
US229000A 1972-02-24 1972-02-24 Inlet flow distributor for a heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime US3895674A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US229000A US3895674A (en) 1972-02-24 1972-02-24 Inlet flow distributor for a heat exchanger
JP1167173A JPS5323547B2 (it) 1972-02-24 1973-01-30
IT20752/73A IT979395B (it) 1972-02-24 1973-02-23 Distributore d ingresso per uno scambiatore di calore

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US229000A US3895674A (en) 1972-02-24 1972-02-24 Inlet flow distributor for a heat exchanger

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3895674A true US3895674A (en) 1975-07-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US229000A Expired - Lifetime US3895674A (en) 1972-02-24 1972-02-24 Inlet flow distributor for a heat exchanger

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3895674A (it)
JP (1) JPS5323547B2 (it)
IT (1) IT979395B (it)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0104347A2 (en) * 1982-08-31 1984-04-04 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Fluid distributor for heat exchanger inlet nozzle
EP0131213A2 (de) * 1983-07-06 1985-01-16 Hans H. Sladky Wärmeaustauscher
US4889182A (en) * 1981-09-08 1989-12-26 The Dow Chemical Company Heat exchanger
KR100430282B1 (ko) * 2001-06-04 2004-05-04 엘지전자 주식회사 알루미늄 열교환기의 냉매 분산기구
US20140109857A1 (en) * 2011-03-10 2014-04-24 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Cover for an Intake Housing
US9664144B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2017-05-30 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Intake housing including a heat exchanger
CN110567313A (zh) * 2019-08-30 2019-12-13 天津大学 一种可调节分布板倾角的固体颗粒再分布装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5849441Y2 (ja) * 1975-10-07 1983-11-11 ドウリヨクロ カクネンリヨウカイハツジギヨウダン ナトリウムヒサンボウシソウチオ ユウスルナトリウムキキ

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3114353A (en) * 1959-06-25 1963-12-17 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generating unit and method of operating same
US3308878A (en) * 1964-09-24 1967-03-14 Babcock & Wilcox Co Helium heated steam generator
US3336974A (en) * 1965-05-05 1967-08-22 United Aircraft Corp Serpentine tube boiler
US3407875A (en) * 1966-03-02 1968-10-29 United Aircraft Prod Flow distributing means in heat exchangers

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4526861Y1 (it) * 1966-03-15 1970-10-19

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3114353A (en) * 1959-06-25 1963-12-17 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generating unit and method of operating same
US3308878A (en) * 1964-09-24 1967-03-14 Babcock & Wilcox Co Helium heated steam generator
US3336974A (en) * 1965-05-05 1967-08-22 United Aircraft Corp Serpentine tube boiler
US3407875A (en) * 1966-03-02 1968-10-29 United Aircraft Prod Flow distributing means in heat exchangers

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4889182A (en) * 1981-09-08 1989-12-26 The Dow Chemical Company Heat exchanger
EP0104347A2 (en) * 1982-08-31 1984-04-04 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Fluid distributor for heat exchanger inlet nozzle
EP0104347A3 (en) * 1982-08-31 1984-10-03 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Fluid distributor for heat exchanger inlet nozzle
EP0131213A2 (de) * 1983-07-06 1985-01-16 Hans H. Sladky Wärmeaustauscher
EP0131213A3 (en) * 1983-07-06 1985-05-15 Hans H. Sladky Heat exchanger
KR100430282B1 (ko) * 2001-06-04 2004-05-04 엘지전자 주식회사 알루미늄 열교환기의 냉매 분산기구
US20140109857A1 (en) * 2011-03-10 2014-04-24 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Cover for an Intake Housing
US9664144B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2017-05-30 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Intake housing including a heat exchanger
US10711743B2 (en) * 2011-03-10 2020-07-14 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Cover for an intake housing
CN110567313A (zh) * 2019-08-30 2019-12-13 天津大学 一种可调节分布板倾角的固体颗粒再分布装置
CN110567313B (zh) * 2019-08-30 2020-12-29 天津大学 一种可调节分布板倾角的固体颗粒再分布装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5323547B2 (it) 1978-07-15
IT979395B (it) 1974-09-30
JPS4898457A (it) 1973-12-14

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