US3895152A - A composite cellular construction - Google Patents

A composite cellular construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3895152A
US3895152A US42855473A US3895152A US 3895152 A US3895152 A US 3895152A US 42855473 A US42855473 A US 42855473A US 3895152 A US3895152 A US 3895152A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cells
liner
circulatory system
impermeable
construction according
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Jon R Carlson
Robert G Jackson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ConocoPhillips Co
Original Assignee
Continental Oil Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Oil Co filed Critical Continental Oil Co
Priority to US05428554 priority Critical patent/US3895152A/en
Priority to DE19742446286 priority patent/DE2446286A1/de
Priority to SE7412588A priority patent/SE7412588L/xx
Priority to NO743870A priority patent/NO743870L/no
Priority to NL7414082A priority patent/NL7414082A/xx
Priority to CA212,895A priority patent/CA999290A/en
Priority to FR7436641A priority patent/FR2256365A1/fr
Priority to ES432422A priority patent/ES432422A1/es
Priority to IT3042874A priority patent/IT1026981B/it
Priority to US05/533,914 priority patent/US4023617A/en
Priority to JP106575A priority patent/JPS50113815A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3895152A publication Critical patent/US3895152A/en
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    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249986—Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/24999—Inorganic

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT 8 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures A COMPOSITE CELLULAR CONSTRUCTION
  • This invention relates to a novel construction or assembly for containing liquid or gaseous components and having an integral circulatory system which may be conveniently employed for detecting leaks or purging and the like.
  • Various types of construction are known for containing liquids and gases. Oftentimes these constructions will include a liner covering the surface of a loadbearing member or wall wherein the liner is impermeable to the liquid or gaseous material in contact therewith.
  • Some typical examples of such constructions are ceramic-lined reactors, resin or plastic-lined storage vessels, internally insulated cryogenic vessels, and the like.
  • the liner may be used to prevent contact between the liquids or gases and the loadbearing member due to their corrosive nature. due to their physical state as with cryogenic liquids, or due to other characteristics which would lead to failure of the load-bearing member.
  • Other instances wherein such liners may be used include situations wherein the loadbearing member is not impermeable or where safety considerations must be met. These enumerated situations are merely exemplary and many others will undoubtedly occur to those working in the art.
  • impermeable liners when impermeable liners are employed it is desirable to be able to detect leaks which may develop in the liners prior to the time that adverse effects result from such leaks or at least sufficiently early that any adverse effects are minimized. It may, alternatively or additionally, be desirable for safety reasons to be able to purge the region immediately adjacent the liner opposite the side in contact with the contained liquids or gases.
  • this invention provides a novel construction or assembly for containing liquid or gaseous components and having an integral circulatory system which may be conveniently employed for detecting leaks in the liner, or for purging, or for any purpose wherein it is desirable to circulate a fluid between the liner and the load-bearing member.
  • the construction or assembly comprises a load-bearing substrate. an impermeable outer liner, and disposed therebetween a circulatory system defined by a network of cells having side walls which are generally in a lateral orientation to the liner and the load-bearing substrate, at least some of said side walls having apertures therein whereby at least some of said cells are in communication with each other and define a continuous circulatory system.
  • FIG. I is a partial cross-sectional elevation view of an embodiment of a basic construction of the invention, which construction in its entirety will form a container.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional elevation view of a modification to the basic construction illustrated in FIG. I.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 taken along line A-A showing the fluid flow paths between the cells.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional elevation view of a further modification to the basic construction illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 taken along line BB showing the fluid flow paths between the cells.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional elevation view of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates schematically the manner in which a fluid may be circulated through a typical construction in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a cylindrical vessel embodying the features depicted in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. I there is shown a construction comprising a load-bearing substrate 1, a cellular network 2 and an impermeable liner 3.
  • This construction in its entirety, may form a container for liquids or gases of any type such as a storage vessel, reactor. and the like, wherein the load-bearing substrate 1 represents the outer wall of the vessel or reactor.
  • the load-bearing substrate may be formed by any material having suitable strength and other properties for the particular use, for example, metals or metal alloys, glass fiber/resin laminates, wood and plastics may be used. It is also pointed out that the substrate may be formed by a single structural element or a plurality of structural elements which when combined provide the required characteristics.
  • the impermeable liner 3 serves primarily to prevent the liquids or gases being contained from directly contacting the load-bearing substrate. Thus, the liner need not necessarily possess the same strength characteristics as the load-bearing substrate. The liner does, however, need to be impermeable to the liquids or gases being contained.
  • suitable materials are known for this purpose depending on the particular situation. Illustrative of such materials are glass and other ceramics; various plastics e.g. polyurethane, polystyrene, polyethylene, PVC, epoxy, resins, polyesters, and the like; metals e.g. stainless steel, aluminum, etc; and the like.
  • the cellular network 2 which defines a circulatory system between the liner and the load-bearing substrate is formed by a plurality of cells 4 having side walls 5 provided with apertures 6. As illustrated, each cell is in communication with the adjacent cells due to the presence of the apertures so that a fluid may be circulated therethrough. However, it should be understood that any pattern of cell communication may be provided as desired to provide a continuous circulatory system.
  • the cellular network may comprise a honeycomb of hexagonally-shaped cells such as depicted in FIGS. 3 and 5 to be discussed hereinafter.
  • superposed corrugated sheets joined in such a manner as to form a cellular network are suitable.
  • Other configurations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the cells may be formed of a variety of materials which would have suitable properties such as paper, metal, plastic. and the like.
  • the apertures in the side walls of the cells will normally be provided at the time the cellular network is formed. Their frequency and location may be varied as desired to provide any type of flow path through the network. This ability to provide any type of flow path is a particularly significant feature of this invention. Obviously more than one aperture per side wall may be employed. Of course, if the cellular network is to provide some structural Support it will be necessary to take this function into consideration in designing the flow path as will be understood in the art.
  • FIGS. 2-5 wherein the network is illustrated as a honeycomb of hexagonally-shaped cells.
  • each cell 14 is shown with an aperture 16 through each side wall 15.
  • This design provides flow paths between an individual cell and each of the six adjacent cells as shown by the small double arrows. Contrasted with this omnidirectional flow path the apertures may be positioned in such a manner as to provide more control over the flow path.
  • An example of a controlled flow path is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 wherein apertures 26 are provided only in those side walls of cells 24 which are aligned along the same axis. As a result, a series of parallel flow paths aligned with the same axes are provided.
  • These flow paths may be interconnected with each other by simply providing apertures in a suitable side wall so that an overall curvilinear flow path throughout the entire structure formed by the construction of this invention, e.g. a vessel or reactor.
  • FIG. 7 means are illustrated for circulating a fluid through a circulatory system formed by a cellular network such as that described above.
  • the construction shown in FIG. 7 may be more easily understood if one considers such construction as defining a cylindrical vessel C such as illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • Common features illustrated in the two drawings include the load-bearing substrate 61 which forms the other surface of vessel C, the impermeable liner 63 which forms the inner surface of vessel C, and the manifold 67 having inlet 68 and outlet 69 all of which will be described further hereinafter.
  • vessel C will be provided with a suitable base and top secured thereto, preferably of similar construction as the side.
  • the construction is shown comprising loadbearing substrate 61 and impermeable liner 63 with cellular network 62 disposed therebetween.
  • the cellular network 62 defines a circulatory system formed by cells 64 having side walls 65 provided with apertures 66.
  • the flow path provided by the design illustrated is like that shown in FIG. 3 wherein each cell is in communication with all adjacent cells.
  • the cellular network is provided with an optional insulation layer 71 which fills a portion of each cell 64 and lies adjacent the load-bearing substrate 61.
  • This insulation layer may be foamed plastic such as polyurethane foam, fiberglass, or other conventional insulations and may itself be porous or impermeable as known in the art. Foamed plastic may be foamed in situ during assembly. It is preferred that loose insulation materials be sprayed with an adhesive or other suitable material such as a tackifier to cause at least the materials at the surface to adhere to each other in order that no interference with the circulatory system is incurred.
  • foamed plastic such as polyurethane foam, fiberglass, or other conventional insulations and may itself be porous or impermeable as known in the art.
  • Foamed plastic may be foamed in situ during assembly. It is preferred that loose insulation materials be sprayed with an adhesive or other suitable material such as a tackifier to cause at least the materials at the surface to adhere to each other in order that no interference with the circulatory system is incurred.
  • Manifold 67 Disposed between the opposite ends and in sealing engagement with the assembly comprised of the loadbearing substrate 61 and cellular network 62 is manifold 67 having fluid inlet 68 and fluid outlet 69.
  • Manifold 67 preferably does not extend entirely through the construction of this invention but only to the extent of the circulatory system of the cellular network.
  • the impermeable liner 63 and the load-bearing substrate overlie the manifold.
  • Fluid inlet 68 is in communication with the cellular network on one side of the manifold whereas fluid outlet 69 is in communication with the cellular network on the other side.
  • the invention contemplates the circulation of various fluids for various purposes through the circulatory system.
  • the term fluids is intended to encompass both liquids and gases.
  • air may be circulated as a sweep gas to remove any materials that may gradually seep through the liner.
  • safety considerations may require the use of an inert fluid for this purpose.
  • the fluid being circulated may be used for heating or cooling by passing it through an external heat exchanger. In these situations the fluid would normally be a liquid.
  • a particular use, and one considered of primary importance for the construction of this invention, is that of passing a fluid through the circulatory system to detect leaks that may develop in the liner. Normally a gas will be used for this purpose. The gas will be of different composition than the materials being contained on the other side of the liner.
  • the construction of the invention may take the form of various embodiments all of which include the basic structure described with respect to FIG. 1.
  • an insulation layer 17 may be provided to partially fill the cellular network in the regions adjacent the load-bearing substrate 11.
  • this embodiment is the same as that described in reference to FIG. 7.
  • Fabrication of an embodiment of this type may be accomplished by securing a preformed cellular network to the loadbearing substrate in the shape of a container, filling the cells of the cellular network with insulation to a suitable depth not interfering with the circulatory system, and subsequently applying and securing the impermeable liner.
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment is depicted in FIG. 4 which is similar to that described above except that an additional barrier member 28 to prevent passage of fluids may be interposed between the impermeable liner 23 and the cellular network comprised of cells 24.
  • barrier member may be metallic sheet or foil or an impermeable plastic layer.
  • the load-bearing substrate 21 and insulation 27 are the same as those hereinbefore described.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a further embodiment of the construc tion of the invention which is contemplated for specific use in the form of a storage vessel for a cryogenic liquid such as liquid natural gas.
  • a load-bearing substrate 31 which may form the outer wall of the storage vessel.
  • a cellular network 32 comprising cells 34 with side walls 35 having apertures 36 thereby defining a circulatory system.
  • an impermeable liner 33 Overlying the upper portion of the cellular network, as it appears in the drawing, is an impermeable liner 33.
  • the liner in this case is formed by an impermeable polyurethane foam or like material and is in contact with the cryogenic liquid thus forming the primary barrier.
  • the upper edges of the cell walls of the cellular network are embedded in the liner to ensure their intimate attachment.
  • an insulation 37 Disposed within the cells 34 of the cellular network in the region adjacent the load-bearing substrate is an insulation 37.
  • Such insulation is of an impermeable type thereby forming a secondary barrier to protect the loadbearing substrate and may be the same as that forming the liner 33. This insulation only partially fills the cells 34 so as not to interfere with the circulatory system.
  • porous insulation 38 such as glass fibers or loose perlite granules or similar material which will not render the circulatory system inoperative yet still provide an additional insulating function.
  • plastic layers may contain reinforcement such as reinforcing fibers, a scrim, a woven fabric, or the like, if the strength requirements are such that this is necessary.
  • a composite unitary construction comprising a load-bearing substrate, an outer impermeable liner of polyurethane foam, and disposed therebetween a circulatory system defined by a network of cells having side walls which are generally in lateral orientation to the liner and the load-bearing substrate, said circulatory system being secured to said substrate and said liner, said cells being partially filled with an impermeable polyurethane foam insulation, and at least some of said side walls having apertures therein whereby at least some adjacent cells are in communication with each other.
  • a composite construction according to claim 1 wherein the cells are metal, plastic, or paper.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
US05428554 1973-12-26 1973-12-26 A composite cellular construction Expired - Lifetime US3895152A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05428554 US3895152A (en) 1973-12-26 1973-12-26 A composite cellular construction
DE19742446286 DE2446286A1 (de) 1973-12-26 1974-09-27 Zusammengesetzte anordnung
SE7412588A SE7412588L (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-12-26 1974-10-07
NL7414082A NL7414082A (nl) 1973-12-26 1974-10-28 Houder voor vloeistoffen en/of gassen.
NO743870A NO743870L (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-12-26 1974-10-28
FR7436641A FR2256365A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-12-26 1974-11-04
CA212,895A CA999290A (en) 1973-12-26 1974-11-04 Construction having integral circulatory system
ES432422A ES432422A1 (es) 1973-12-26 1974-11-29 Perfeccionamientos en contenedores para elementos liquidos yno gaseosos.
IT3042874A IT1026981B (it) 1973-12-26 1974-12-11 Struttura incorporante un sistema circolatoric
US05/533,914 US4023617A (en) 1973-12-26 1974-12-18 Construction having integral circulatory system
JP106575A JPS50113815A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-12-26 1974-12-26

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05428554 US3895152A (en) 1973-12-26 1973-12-26 A composite cellular construction

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US05/533,914 Division US4023617A (en) 1973-12-26 1974-12-18 Construction having integral circulatory system

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US3895152A true US3895152A (en) 1975-07-15

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US05428554 Expired - Lifetime US3895152A (en) 1973-12-26 1973-12-26 A composite cellular construction

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JP (1) JPS50113815A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CA (1) CA999290A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE2446286A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
ES (1) ES432422A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2256365A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
IT (1) IT1026981B (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL7414082A (enrdf_load_html_response)
NO (1) NO743870L (enrdf_load_html_response)
SE (1) SE7412588L (enrdf_load_html_response)

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US4035535A (en) * 1975-02-14 1977-07-12 Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited Sound attenuating structure
US4084366A (en) * 1975-11-14 1978-04-18 Haworth Mfg., Inc. Sound absorbing panel
US4170952A (en) * 1976-03-09 1979-10-16 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Cryogenic insulation system
US4282280A (en) * 1976-12-30 1981-08-04 Cook William H Jun Heat insulation for tanks at cryogenic and higher temperatures, using structural honeycomb with integral heat radiation shields
US4244439A (en) * 1977-11-10 1981-01-13 Elektronikcentralen Sound-absorbing structure
US4132042A (en) * 1978-01-13 1979-01-02 Vincent Di Maio Door structure and method for forming such structure
EP0008960A3 (en) * 1978-09-13 1980-04-16 Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha A foamed resin structural material and process for manufacturing the same
US4198454A (en) * 1978-10-27 1980-04-15 American Air Filter Company, Inc. Lightweight composite panel
US4469129A (en) * 1980-08-04 1984-09-04 Dixon John W Above ground gasoline storage apparatus
US4468423A (en) * 1982-11-17 1984-08-28 Arlie Hall Insulating cell element and structures composed thereof
US4625710A (en) * 1984-06-21 1986-12-02 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Hollow structure panel for heat storage material and process for producing heat storage material panel using the same
US4821484A (en) * 1986-02-03 1989-04-18 Buchtal Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Double floor construction
US4803105A (en) * 1987-02-13 1989-02-07 Essex Specialty Products, Inc. Reinforcing sheet for the reinforcement of panel and method of reinforcing panel
US4803108A (en) * 1987-05-01 1989-02-07 Essex Specialty Products, Inc. Honeycomb reinforcing sheet for the reinforcement of panels and method of reinforcing panels
US5167352A (en) * 1988-03-21 1992-12-01 Robbins Howard J Double wall tank system
US4948007A (en) * 1989-06-22 1990-08-14 Xerxes Corporation Underground storage tank of corrosion-resistant materials with internal steel rib
US5180619A (en) * 1989-12-04 1993-01-19 Supracor Systems, Inc. Perforated honeycomb
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AU661504B2 (en) * 1992-08-03 1995-07-27 Supracor, Inc. Perforated honeycomb
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IT1026981B (it) 1978-10-20

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