US3894871A - Photographic products and processes for forming silver and additive color transparencies - Google Patents

Photographic products and processes for forming silver and additive color transparencies Download PDF

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Publication number
US3894871A
US3894871A US383196A US38319673A US3894871A US 3894871 A US3894871 A US 3894871A US 383196 A US383196 A US 383196A US 38319673 A US38319673 A US 38319673A US 3894871 A US3894871 A US 3894871A
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United States
Prior art keywords
silver halide
silver
photosensitive element
image
halide emulsion
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Expired - Lifetime
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US383196A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edwin H Land
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Polaroid Corp
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Polaroid Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Polaroid Corp filed Critical Polaroid Corp
Priority to US383196A priority Critical patent/US3894871A/en
Priority to IT52234/74A priority patent/IT1016960B/it
Priority to GB32942/74A priority patent/GB1479290A/en
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7410049,A priority patent/NL181463C/xx
Priority to JP49085587A priority patent/JPS5852212B2/ja
Priority to DE2436103A priority patent/DE2436103C2/de
Priority to CA205,691A priority patent/CA1031203A/en
Priority to FR7426186A priority patent/FR2238957B1/fr
Priority to BE7000551A priority patent/BE818182A/xx
Priority to AU71702/74A priority patent/AU487600B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3894871A publication Critical patent/US3894871A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/02—Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section
    • G03C8/04—Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section the substances transferred by diffusion consisting of inorganic or organo-metallic compounds derived from photosensitive noble metals
    • G03C8/06—Silver salt diffusion transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/30—Additive processes using colour screens; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials

Definitions

  • Predominantly homogeneous grain size silver halide emulsions preferably of particular mean diameter and grain size distribution, are utilized to obtain good sensitometry in addition to desired minimum and maximum image densities.
  • diffusion transfer films and processes adapted to provide positive silver transfer images which may be viewed as positive transparencies without being separated from the developed negative silver image.
  • the diffusion transfer films and processes provided by this invention are particularly adapted for use in forming additive color projection positive images.
  • silver diffusion transfer processing may be utilized to provide images in color in accordance with the principles of additive color photography.
  • the silver halide emulsion is exposed through an additive color screen and the resultant positive silver transfer image is viewed through an appropriately registered additive color screen.
  • the same additive color screen is used in both exposure and viewing.
  • the minimum density of the composite print depends, to a substantial extent, upon the maximum density of the negative since the shadows of the negative correspond to the highlights of the positive. If the above-noted ratio of positive silver covering power to negative silver covering power is realized in a composite print to be viewed by reflection, this maximum negative density can be as great as 0.3 without seriously affecting the composite image quality. A substantially higher maximum density is tolerable in the negative when the composite print is used as a transparency because the brightness of the highlights of the composite print is a function of the intensity of illumination. lt has been found that a maximum density of as high as 1.0 in the negative is permissible if the maximum density of the composite print is at least 4 times greater.
  • the silver halide stratum when fully developed in any conventional manner, has no greater density than approximately 0.3 if the composite print is to present a reflection image, and has no greater density than approximately 1.0 if the composite print is to serve as a transparency.
  • the most efficient use of silver is a very compact silver deposit in a thin image-receiving layer separate from the silver halide emulsion layer. It is a basic feature of the present invention that the positive silver transfer image is formed of very compactly deposited silver, and that such compact positive silver is obtained without sacrificing the desired low negative silver image density, thereby obtaining diffusion transfer additive color images having both excellent highlights and excellent color resolution and saturation.
  • the present invention is concerned with providing silver diffusion transfer films and processes which provide high quality positive transfer images viewable by transmitted light without requiring separation therefrom of the developed negative silver image.
  • the diffusion transfer films and processes of this invention are uniquely suited for use, in combination with an appropriate optical screen, in providing superior additive color transparencies, and the invention will be described in more particularity in connection with the additive color application thereof.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide novel photosensitive elements which include a silver halide emulsion layer and a silver receptive layer, the silver halide emulsion layer containing silver halide grains of a quantity and character uniquely useful in providing low covering power developed negative images and high covering power positive silver transfer images,
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide novel diffusion transfer additive color photosensitive elements wherein the silver halide emulsion is predomi' nantly homogeneous in grain size and which provides a characteristic curve, i.e., photographic response independent of the grain size, said grain size characteristics being uniquely adapted to provide highly efiective utilization of silver and to satisfy the minimum and maximum density and other requirements of a high quality color image of the type where the positive and negative images are in separate layers and are maintained together as part of a permanent laminate.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide diffusion transfer additive color transparency films wherein the grain size characteristics of the silver halide emulsion are related in a unique manner to the dimensions of the color screen filter elements.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide diffusion transfer additive color transparencies possessing large dynamic ranges.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide diffusion transfer additive color films and processes utilizing substituted-halide mixed silver halide emulsions having grain size distributions and characteristics adapted to provide superior additive color transparen-
  • a further object of this invention is to provide diffusion transfer processes wherein a silver halide emulsion layer containing silver halide grains of a particular character and silver coverage is developed to provide a negative image having a maximum transmission density not greater than about 0.3. and the development of said silver halide is utilized to provide a positive transfer image in a separate layer, said negative and positive images being viewable together as a positive image without separation or an intermediate masking layer.
  • the invention accordingly comprises the products possessing the features, properties and relation of elements, and the processes including the steps and relation of the steps with respect to each other, which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic enlarged cross-sectional view of a diffusion transfer additive color photosensitive element embodying the present invention during the three illustrated stages of the formation of an additive color transparency by silver diffusion transfer processing, i.e., photoexposure, processing and final image;
  • FIG. 2 reproduces an optical photomicrograph at l,000 magnification of a transmission view through an unexposed diffusion transfer additive color film embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 3 reproduces an optical photograph at l,OOO magnification of a transmission view through the diffusion transfer additive color film shown in FIG. 2 following exposure (maximum) to red light and diffusion transfer processing;
  • FIG. 4 reproduces an electron micrograph at l0,000 magnification of a portion of the diffusion transfer additive color film shown in FIG. 2 following maximum exposure to green light and an intermediate level exposure to blue and red light and diffusion transfer processing;
  • FIG. 5 reproduces an electron micrograph at I0,000X magnification of replicas of undeveloped silver iodobromide grains ofa silver halide emulsion used in a commercial silver diffusion transfer process;
  • FIG. 6 reproduces an electron micrograph at 10,000X magnification of replicas of undeveloped silver iodobromide grains of another silver halide emulsion used in another commercial silver diffusion transfer process;
  • FIG. 7 reproduces an electron micrograph at 10,000X magnification of replicas of undeveloped silver iodochlorobromide grains of a predominantly homogenous grain size substituted-halide silver halide emulsion particularly useful in films embodying the present invention, the preparation of which emulsion is described in Example 1;
  • FIG. 8a reproduces a graph of the grain sizefrequency distribution of the substituted-halide silver halide emulsion of FIG. 7;
  • FIGS. 8b, 8c and 8d reproduce graphs of the grain size-frequency distribution of other silver halide emulsions useful in certain embodiments of this invention.
  • FIG. 9 reproduces an electron micrograph at l0,000X magnification of a transmission view through an unprocessed silver halide layer containing the predominantly homogeneous silver halide emulsion of FIG. 7 coated at a silver coverage found to be particularly useful in the practice of this invention
  • FIG. I0 reproduces an electron micrograph at I0,000 magnification of a transmission view through the silver halide layer shown in FIG. 9 following expo sure (maximum) and development;
  • FIG. 11 reproduces a graph of the projected area of a monolayer of silver halide grains as a function of their diameter at a constant silver coverage
  • FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 reproduce characteristic curves of the red, green and blue densities of the neutral column of additive color transparencies obtained in accordance with certain of the examples.
  • the present invention is concerned with diffusion transfer processes and is directed towards providing photographic films and processes to provide a diffusion transfer positive silver image of high maximum density and a negative silver image of low maximum density, said images being viewable together as a high quality positive transparency notwithstanding the fact that they are carried by a common support.
  • Suitable relationships between the maximum transmission densities of each of the positive and negative images, e.g., densities of 3.0 and 0.3 respectively, have been recognized in the previously cited US. patents, and positive transparencies having satisfactory density relationships have in fact been obtained in specific situations.
  • additive color transparencies which include, as part of an integral film structure, a transparent support, an optical screen such as an additive color screen, a negative silver image and, in a layer separate from the layer containing the negative silver image, a positive silver transfer image.
  • a particularly useful additive color screen comprises sets of minute color filter elements, the individual filter elements of a given set transmitting light of a predetermined range of wavelengths of visible light, preferably one of the so-called primary color wavelength ranges.
  • Particularly useful additive color screens thus comprise red, green and blue color filter elements, i.e., color filter elements which transmit, respectively, red, green and blue light, each filter element absorbing visible light outside its transmitted red, green or blue wavelength range.
  • These color filter elements are arranged in an interspersed, juxtaposed arrangement to provide a regular repeating pattern well known in the art and customarily referred to simply as an additive color screen.
  • the screen is formed of interspersed red, green and blue lines.
  • the diffusion transfer positive images with which this invention is concerned comprise a positive transfer image and a negative silver image, the two images being in separate layers on a common, transparent support and viewed as a single, positive image. There is no masking layer between the positive and negative images.
  • Such positive images may be referred to for convenience as integral positive-negative images, and more particularly as integral positive-negative transparencies".
  • the maximum density of the negative silver image determines the lowest possible minimum density which the integral positive-negative image can exhibit. Accordingly, the density of the negative silver image in areas of maximum exposure should be kept as low as possible.
  • the usual camera speed silver halide emulsions have a relatively wide distribution of grain sizes, a fact readily apparent from visual examination of the electron micrographs reproduced in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • Large silver halide grains are traditionally desirable in camera speed silver halide emulsions because of their usually higher speed.
  • the covering power ofa given quantity of silver halide is reduced as the size of the individual silver halide particles (grains) increases, and this fact would argue for the desirability of large grains in silver halide emulsions which are to be retained with a positive silver transfer image. Notwithstanding this, large grain silver halide emulsions may lead to undesirably high graininess and other undesirable sensitometric results when utilized in integral negative-positive transparency film.
  • the silver halide grains are large and an additive color screen is formed of extremely fine filter elements, i.e., the silver halide grains are large relative to the filter element width, an undesirably large number of silver halide grains are likely to be positioned at the border of two different filter elements and thus be exposable by either of two different wavelength ranges of light. This results in reduced color separation and saturation. Small silver halide grains avoid the latter problems but result in much greater covering power of the negative silver image for the same given quantity of silver.
  • the small grains will be inefficiently utilized in the process by being transferred to add inappropriate positive density instead of contributing to the sensitometric response of the film, with the result that dynamic range, latitude, film speed and contrast are adversely affected.
  • the present invention is directed to providing integral negative-positive diffusion transfer transparencies, particularly additive color transparencies, which make efficient use of minimum quantities of silver to obtain high quality images having desired minimum and maximum densities and exhibiting extended dynamic ranges and improved color quality.
  • integral negative-positive diffusion transfer transparencies particularly additive color transparencies, which make efficient use of minimum quantities of silver to obtain high quality images having desired minimum and maximum densities and exhibiting extended dynamic ranges and improved color quality.
  • the number of silver halide grains available to record information is maximized while the total projected area of the silver halide grains is minimized.
  • integral positive-negative transparencies having highly satisfactory relationships between the maximum transmis sion densities of each of the positive and negative silver images may be obtained with a more desirable combination of sensitometric properties by using a silver halide emulsion the silver halide grains of which are predominantly homogeneous in diameter, said emulsion being coated in a quantity and manner such that the sum of the projected areas of said silver halide grains is not more than about 50% of the surface area of the silver halide emulsion layer.
  • the mean diameter of the silver halide grains should be about one-fifth to one-tenth the width of the color filter elements.
  • the silver halide grains should have a mean diameter within the range of about 0.7 to 1.5 microns.
  • the silver halide grain mean diameter will preferably be within the range of about 0.7 to 1.0 micron, and most preferably a mean diameter of about 0.9 micron, with at least of the silver halide grains having a diameter within i30% of said mean diameter.
  • the image format is larger, as in the case of 35 mm or 3% X 4% transparencies, a coarser screen may be satisfactory and the mean diameter of the silver halide grains may be larger, e.g., within the range of about 1.2 to 1.4 microns.
  • the silver halide emulsion preferably is coated as a single grain layer" or monolayer" of silver halide, grains, i.e., the silver halide emulsion is substantially free of overlapping silver halide grains, although the silver halide emulsion layer itself may be thicker than the silver halide grains.
  • the silver halide grains in the coated emulsion layer advantageously are relatively uniformly distributed and are free of clusters of grains which would have a diameter approaching the width of a color filter element.
  • the silver halide emulsion is preferably coated at a silver to gelatin ratio of about 1:1 to [11.5 by weight.
  • silver halide grains have, of course, finite dimensions and one frequently describes silver halide emulsions, inter alia, in terms of the means diameter" of the silver halide grains thereof.
  • the silver halide grains of the silver halide emulsions used in this invention are regular in crystal habit, i.e., they are generally polyhedra of three-fold symmetry, such as spheres, cubes, octahedra, and nearly spherical, rounded-off octahedra such as plates or platelets.
  • Three-fold symmetry is used here to mean symmetry about three mutually perpendicular axes.
  • the projected area of an individual silver halide grain or developed silver grain is the area of the maximum plane section which may be drawn through the grain parallel with the surface of the layer in which said grain is disposed.
  • the projected area of the grain thus corresponds to the area of the shadow which would be cast if one projected a light through the layer containing said grain, and it is a measure of the area over which the grain will block transmission of light through said layer.
  • the sum of the projected areas of all the silver halide grains in a given silver halide emulsion layer will be the sum of the projected areas of the individual grains minus any overlapping projected area of overlapping grains.
  • the sum of the projected areas of the silver halide grains of the silver halide emulsion layer should not be more than about 50% of the surface area of said silver halide emulsion layer. Furthermore, the sum of the projected areas of the fully exposed and developed silver grains (providing the maximum density of the negative silver image) should not exceed about 60% of the surface area of the corresponding portion of the silver halide emulsion layer. If the sum of the projected areas of the developed negative silver grains in a fully exposed area is about 60%. that portion of the negative image will transmit about 40% of the light projected thereon and will have an optical transmission density of approximately 0.4.
  • the exposed silver halide grains are developed under conditions which limit their growth during development to not more than about l% in projected area.
  • the delta (A) or difference between the maximum density of the positive silver transfer image and the maximum density of the negative silver image prefera bly is at least 2.4 to 2.7 density units (transmission). It should be understood, however, that the maximum densities of the individual red, green and blue color records may vary slightly, e.g., within about 0.1 to 0.3 density units, particularly if the image silver is not neutral in tone. Satisfactory additive color transparencies will still be obtained notwithstanding such a variation provided at least two of the three color records exhibit a delta in excess of 2.0 if the minimum density if below 0.3, particularly if the maximum density is about 10 or more times the minimum density.
  • the silver halide emulsion has a mean grain diameter within the range of about 0.7 to 1.0 microns, preferably a mean diameter of about 0.9 micron. Assuming a silver halide grain of diameter 0.9 micron is a sphere, such a grain would have a projected area of 0.64 square micron. A silver halide sphere 0.87 micron in diameter would have a projected area of 0.6 square micron. It will therefore be seen that one may express the grain size characteristics of a silver halide emulsion in terms of the mean projected area of the silver halide grains.
  • the mean projected area of the silver halide grains of the predominantly homogeneous emulsion used in the preferred embodiments of this invention is about 0.6 square micron, and at least 90% of the silver halide grains of said emulsion should have a projected area within the range of approximately 0.5 to 1.7 times said the projected area.
  • the silver halide emulsions used in this invention have been described as being predominantly homogeneous in grain size, and preferable grain size distribu tions have been noted.
  • Silver halide emulsions of narrow grain size distribution are not, per se, novel, and techniques for obtaining such silver halide emulsions are well known. Such techniques include physical separation and removal of grains smaller and/or larger than desired.
  • Silver halide emulsion manufacturing procedures also are known which are adapted to produce narrow grain size distribution emulsions. It should be understood, however, that the silver halide emulsions must not only be predominantly homogeneous in grain size distribution, but the emulsion must also be one whose characteristic curve or photographic response is substantially independent of grain size distribution.
  • the characteristic curve is the result of the individual responses of a plurality of grain size families. Indeed, when one separates a particular grain size family of grains, the resulting silver halide emulsion is frequently a high contrast emulsion.
  • the present invention utilizes silver halide emulsions which are predominantly homogeneous in grain size (and therefore have similar solubility characteristics) and have a photographic response substantially independent of grain size. This latter characteristic may be considered to contemplate a mixture of silver halide grains of about the same diameter but which vary in their sensitivity, i.e., in their response in the diffusion transfer process.
  • a particularly useful silver halide emulsion satisfying the above criteria is a substituted-halide mixed silver halide emulsion; such emulsions will be described in more detail hereinafter.
  • a substituted-halide mixed silver halide emulsion such emulsions will be described in more detail hereinafter.
  • Such homogeneous grain size silver halide emulsions maximize the ability of the silver halide layer to record information during photoexposure without increasing the total projected area ofa given silver halide coverage.
  • Silver halide emulsions of the type contemplated for use in the present invention may also be prepared by blending several silver halide emulsions or emulsion fractions each having substantially the same grain size but sensitized to different levels or speeds.
  • a desirable maximum transmission density of the positive silver transfer image is about 3.0. It has been determined, e.g., by vacuum deposition of silver substantially uniformly on a transparent support in a stratum 0.1 to 0.15 micron thick, that l00 mg. per square foot of high covering power silver is sufficient to provide a transmission density of 3.0. It has further been determined that if l00 mg.
  • the silver halide grains will have a total projected area of 50% or less of the surface area of the silver halide emulsion layer. If this silver halide layer is given a full or maximum density exposure and the exposed silver halide grains developed to provide silver grains or particles which have substantially the same projected area as the silver halides had, the fully exposed and developed silver halide emulsion layer will have a maximum transmission density of 0.3.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US383196A 1973-07-27 1973-07-27 Photographic products and processes for forming silver and additive color transparencies Expired - Lifetime US3894871A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US383196A US3894871A (en) 1973-07-27 1973-07-27 Photographic products and processes for forming silver and additive color transparencies
IT52234/74A IT1016960B (it) 1973-07-27 1974-07-23 Perfezionamento nei procedimenti fotografici di trasferimento per diffusione e relative pellicole per ottenere immagini trasparenti positive
NLAANVRAGE7410049,A NL181463C (nl) 1973-07-27 1974-07-25 Lichtgevoelig element voor het vormen van een positief doorzichtsbeeld door zilverdiffusieoverdracht.
JP49085587A JPS5852212B2 (ja) 1973-07-27 1974-07-25 カクサンテンシヤシヨリニヨリ ポジトウメイガオケイセイスル タメノ カンコウヨウソ オヨビ カクサンテンシヤホウ
GB32942/74A GB1479290A (en) 1973-07-27 1974-07-25 Photographic products and processes for forming silver and additive colour transparencies
DE2436103A DE2436103C2 (de) 1973-07-27 1974-07-26 Photographisches Aufzeichungsmaterial
CA205,691A CA1031203A (en) 1973-07-27 1974-07-26 Photographic products and processes for forming silver and additive color transparencies
FR7426186A FR2238957B1 (de) 1973-07-27 1974-07-26
BE7000551A BE818182A (nl) 1973-07-27 1974-07-26 Diffusieoverdrachtsfotografie
AU71702/74A AU487600B2 (en) 1973-07-27 1974-07-26 Photographic products and processes for forming silver and additive color transparencies

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US383196A US3894871A (en) 1973-07-27 1973-07-27 Photographic products and processes for forming silver and additive color transparencies

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US3894871A true US3894871A (en) 1975-07-15

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US383196A Expired - Lifetime US3894871A (en) 1973-07-27 1973-07-27 Photographic products and processes for forming silver and additive color transparencies

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US (1) US3894871A (de)
JP (1) JPS5852212B2 (de)
BE (1) BE818182A (de)
CA (1) CA1031203A (de)
DE (1) DE2436103C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2238957B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1479290A (de)
IT (1) IT1016960B (de)
NL (1) NL181463C (de)

Cited By (32)

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US3990895A (en) * 1974-04-23 1976-11-09 Polaroid Corporation Silver halide, color screen elements and their use in forming negative color images and diffusion transfer positive silver images
US4139382A (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-02-13 Polaroid Corporation Photographic sound reproduction using silver diffusion transfer
US4168166A (en) * 1977-11-09 1979-09-18 Polaroid Corporation Photographic processing composition comprising borate
US4186013A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-01-29 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer receiving layer comprising HEC and gelatin
US4186015A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-01-29 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer receiving layer comprising gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol
US4204869A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-05-27 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4212527A (en) * 1978-12-15 1980-07-15 Polaroid Corporation Photographic film assemblage
US4247617A (en) * 1979-05-11 1981-01-27 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer film unit transparency
US4259115A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4259116A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4259114A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4281056A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-07-28 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4282307A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-08-04 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4297429A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-10-27 Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd. Photographic material and diffusion transfer processing solution for making printing plates and method for making printing plates
US4297430A (en) * 1979-05-02 1981-10-27 Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd. Photographic material for production of printing plates and method for production of printing plates
US4304835A (en) * 1976-01-14 1981-12-08 Polaroid Corporation Image receiving elements
US4324853A (en) * 1979-07-18 1982-04-13 Polaroid Corporation Photographic processing composition containing polyol
US4366235A (en) * 1981-02-17 1982-12-28 Polaroid Corporation Photosensitive element and method of preparing same
US4414304A (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-11-08 Eastman Kodak Company Forehardened high aspect ratio silver halide photographic elements and processes for their use
US4425426A (en) 1982-09-30 1984-01-10 Eastman Kodak Company Radiographic elements exhibiting reduced crossover
US4425425A (en) 1981-11-12 1984-01-10 Eastman Kodak Company Radiographic elements exhibiting reduced crossover
US4433048A (en) * 1981-11-12 1984-02-21 Eastman Kodak Company Radiation-sensitive silver bromoiodide emulsions, photographic elements, and processes for their use
US4434226A (en) 1981-11-12 1984-02-28 Eastman Kodak Company High aspect ratio silver bromoiodide emulsions and processes for their preparation
US4435501A (en) 1981-11-12 1984-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Controlled site epitaxial sensitization
US4439520A (en) * 1981-11-12 1984-03-27 Eastman Kodak Company Sensitized high aspect ratio silver halide emulsions and photographic elements
US4478929A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-10-23 Eastman Kodak Company Dye image transfer film unit with tabular silver halide
US4504570A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-03-12 Eastman Kodak Company Direct reversal emulsions and photographic elements useful in image transfer film units
US4530898A (en) * 1984-02-29 1985-07-23 Polaroid Corporation Photographic products and processes providing a negative image
US4995985A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-02-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Gel bead composition for metal adsorption
EP0690343A1 (de) * 1994-06-27 1996-01-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Entwicklerzusammensetzung für photographische Silberhalogenidmaterialien und Silberbildherstellungsverfahren
US5508778A (en) * 1994-07-12 1996-04-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Processing machine for photographic elements
US6303262B1 (en) * 1998-06-18 2001-10-16 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd. Photomask material, photomask and methods for the production thereof

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JPS6225649A (ja) * 1985-07-25 1987-02-03 日産車体株式会社 構造用パネルとその製造方法

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US2592250A (en) * 1947-05-13 1952-04-08 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic silver bromide emulsion containing some silver iodide
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US3615520A (en) * 1968-06-13 1971-10-26 Polaroid Corp Novel photographic products and processes
US3702246A (en) * 1969-04-16 1972-11-07 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd Diffusion transfer process

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US3615520A (en) * 1968-06-13 1971-10-26 Polaroid Corp Novel photographic products and processes
US3702246A (en) * 1969-04-16 1972-11-07 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd Diffusion transfer process
US3615429A (en) * 1969-12-31 1971-10-26 Polaroid Corp Additive diffusion-transfer color photographic processes and film units for use therewith

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US3990895A (en) * 1974-04-23 1976-11-09 Polaroid Corporation Silver halide, color screen elements and their use in forming negative color images and diffusion transfer positive silver images
US4304835A (en) * 1976-01-14 1981-12-08 Polaroid Corporation Image receiving elements
US4168166A (en) * 1977-11-09 1979-09-18 Polaroid Corporation Photographic processing composition comprising borate
US4139382A (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-02-13 Polaroid Corporation Photographic sound reproduction using silver diffusion transfer
US4186013A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-01-29 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer receiving layer comprising HEC and gelatin
US4186015A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-01-29 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer receiving layer comprising gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol
US4204869A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-05-27 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4212527A (en) * 1978-12-15 1980-07-15 Polaroid Corporation Photographic film assemblage
US4297430A (en) * 1979-05-02 1981-10-27 Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd. Photographic material for production of printing plates and method for production of printing plates
US4247617A (en) * 1979-05-11 1981-01-27 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer film unit transparency
US4297429A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-10-27 Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd. Photographic material and diffusion transfer processing solution for making printing plates and method for making printing plates
US4324853A (en) * 1979-07-18 1982-04-13 Polaroid Corporation Photographic processing composition containing polyol
US4281056A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-07-28 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4282307A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-08-04 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4259115A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4259116A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4259114A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4366235A (en) * 1981-02-17 1982-12-28 Polaroid Corporation Photosensitive element and method of preparing same
US4439520A (en) * 1981-11-12 1984-03-27 Eastman Kodak Company Sensitized high aspect ratio silver halide emulsions and photographic elements
US4414304A (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-11-08 Eastman Kodak Company Forehardened high aspect ratio silver halide photographic elements and processes for their use
US4425425A (en) 1981-11-12 1984-01-10 Eastman Kodak Company Radiographic elements exhibiting reduced crossover
US4433048A (en) * 1981-11-12 1984-02-21 Eastman Kodak Company Radiation-sensitive silver bromoiodide emulsions, photographic elements, and processes for their use
US4434226A (en) 1981-11-12 1984-02-28 Eastman Kodak Company High aspect ratio silver bromoiodide emulsions and processes for their preparation
US4435501A (en) 1981-11-12 1984-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Controlled site epitaxial sensitization
US4425426A (en) 1982-09-30 1984-01-10 Eastman Kodak Company Radiographic elements exhibiting reduced crossover
US4478929A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-10-23 Eastman Kodak Company Dye image transfer film unit with tabular silver halide
US4504570A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-03-12 Eastman Kodak Company Direct reversal emulsions and photographic elements useful in image transfer film units
US4530898A (en) * 1984-02-29 1985-07-23 Polaroid Corporation Photographic products and processes providing a negative image
US4995985A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-02-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Gel bead composition for metal adsorption
EP0690343A1 (de) * 1994-06-27 1996-01-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Entwicklerzusammensetzung für photographische Silberhalogenidmaterialien und Silberbildherstellungsverfahren
US5508778A (en) * 1994-07-12 1996-04-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Processing machine for photographic elements
US6303262B1 (en) * 1998-06-18 2001-10-16 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd. Photomask material, photomask and methods for the production thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL181463B (nl) 1987-03-16
FR2238957A1 (de) 1975-02-21
GB1479290A (en) 1977-07-13
FR2238957B1 (de) 1978-01-20
AU7170274A (en) 1976-01-29
IT1016960B (it) 1977-06-20
CA1031203A (en) 1978-05-16
DE2436103A1 (de) 1975-02-06
BE818182A (nl) 1974-11-18
JPS5852212B2 (ja) 1983-11-21
JPS5050925A (de) 1975-05-07
NL181463C (nl) 1987-08-17
DE2436103C2 (de) 1987-02-12
NL7410049A (nl) 1975-01-29

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