US3894497A - Arrangement for regulating the supply of combustion air and the excess of oxygen in refuse burning ovens - Google Patents

Arrangement for regulating the supply of combustion air and the excess of oxygen in refuse burning ovens Download PDF

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Publication number
US3894497A
US3894497A US451710A US45171074A US3894497A US 3894497 A US3894497 A US 3894497A US 451710 A US451710 A US 451710A US 45171074 A US45171074 A US 45171074A US 3894497 A US3894497 A US 3894497A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
refuse
combustion
air
oxygen
pit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US451710A
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English (en)
Inventor
Risto Helke
Jorma Petajisto
Hakan Romantschuk
Tuomo Ruohola
Antti Salonen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tampella Oy AB
Original Assignee
Tampella Oy AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tampella Oy AB filed Critical Tampella Oy AB
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3894497A publication Critical patent/US3894497A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F23G5/245—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber with perforated bottom or grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/103—Arrangement of sensing devices for oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Refuse containing combustible components of variable caloric content is completely burned in a furnace having a vertical shaft for a combustion zone and a grate through which molten incombustibles and gaseous products of combustion are discharged downward into a pit.
  • Annular streams of preheated air are injected inwardly and downwardly into the mass of refuse on the grate.
  • Gaseous combustion products in the pit are continuously analyzed for the presence of free oxygen or incompletely burned combustibles.
  • Combustion air is caused to travel through a thinner layer of refuse by injecting it at a lower point if combustion is not complete, or through a thicker layer of refuse by injection at a higher level if excess free oxygen is present. Regulation of the level of injection is achieved by 3 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure PATtNTEU 51975 A 3,894,497
  • the present invention concerns an arrangement for controlling the supply of combustion air and of the excess of oxygen in a refuse burning oven, where the combustion of downwardly falling refuse takes place with the aid of preheated combustion air introduced into the burning shaft and at a temperature of such height that the ashes melt.
  • the object of the invention is to find a solution to the primary air quantity control problem such that an optimum combustion process is obtained in spite of the transient variations of the caloric value of the refuse.
  • the mixed refuse to be burned is dropped through an entry port onto the grating 2 in the vertical combustion shaft 1.
  • the primary combustion air preheated to a high temperature is supplied through openings 3 above the grate 2.
  • the air openings 3 have been disposed over the grate 2 in two or more circles one above the other.
  • the combustion air can be fed through the feed boxes 4 either into the upper or the lower circle of feeding openings, or simultaneously to both, by the aid of valves 5.
  • the hot air ignites the refuse, which burns upon the grate 2 in a zone having a combustion temperature of such height that the inorganig ashes melt and flow through the grate into the melt pit under it.
  • the hot melt is drained from the pit through an opening in its bottom.
  • the temperature in the melt pit is appr. l,300-l ,500C.
  • the flue gases continue from the melt pit into an after-burning chamber (not depicted), into which secondary air in excess is supplied. In this manner the completeness of combustion is ensured.
  • the temperature in the after-burning chamber is appr. 900l,lO0C.
  • the flue gases are conducted to a combustion air preheater, where the temperature of the primary air is raised to 500-600C.
  • the cooled flue gases continue through a boiler and through a flue gas washing device into the smoke stack.
  • the refuse burning system described is completely self-sufficient as regards fuel, provided that the caloric value of the fuel does not substantially differ from the average caloric value of household refuse.
  • This burning method is superior to other refuse burning methods in that owing to the high combustion temperature the combustion products are very pure.
  • the solid residue is solidified, water-insoluble slag, which may used as ground filling without endangering the ground water.
  • the flue gases contain no unburned gases.
  • the combustion temperature should be high enough so that the combustion is complete. This necessitates an operation within a comparatively narrow temperature range.
  • the ash from conventional refuse burning plants contains also salts which are soluble in water, whereby the disposal of the ash may cause difficulties.
  • the melt pit oven is also well appropriate for the destroying of various poisons. The temperature in the combustion zone of the oven is high enough and the delay time long enough e.g. for chlorinated bisphenols (PCB) to be completely decomposed.
  • PCB chlorinated bisphenols
  • the content of the flue gases in the melt pit is continuously monitored and analyzed with an oxygen analyzer 6.
  • the total input of primary air is set to be nearly constant by keeping the valve 7 at a constant setting. It is observed however, that if the oven is supplied with a constant air flow rate, at times unconsumed air enters the melt pit, whereby the oxygen content is high, while at other times the air is burned completely and unburned gases enter the melt pit in addition. Both occurrences have the consequence that the high combustion temperature cannot be maintained. It has also been found that the combustion process cannot be controlled by controlling the primary air quantity in accordance with the oxygen content. This is primarily due to the variable caloric value of the refuse.
  • the combustion is controlled as follows.
  • the oxygen analyzer 6 is connected to an action means 8, which by means of the valves 5 supplies either more combustion air into the upper feed box 4, if the oxygen content of the flue gases is too high, or more combustion air into the lower feed box 4, if the oxygen content of the flue gases is too low.
  • the combustion air fed through the upper openings 3 has to traverse a thicker layer of refuse before reaching the grate, whereby the oxygen introduced in this air is completely used up.
  • the combustion air fed through the lower openings 3 has only a short way to go to the grate 2. If the greater part of the combustion air is introduced by the lower openings 3, the oxygen content of the flue gases in the melt pit increases.
  • a furnace for burning refuse at least a portion of said refuse comprising combustible components of variable caloric content, said furnace having a vertical combustion shaft, a grate at the bottom of said combustion shaft for retaining said refuse while being burned, and a pit beneath said grate for receiving combustion products,
  • said means for supplying primary combustion air to said vertical shaft to burn refuse in said shaft, said means comprising a plurality of successive, vertically stacked, circumferential, annular air inlets in the wall of said combustion shaft for admitting air into a-massof refuse, separate feed boxes surrounding said annular air inlets for supplying combustion air to said inlets, separate conduit means connecting each of said feed boxes to a source of combustion air, and valve means in each of said conduit means for independently controlling the flow of air'th'erein, and
  • said means comprising oxygen-analyzing means connected to the pit for determining the amount of free oxygen I or unburned combustible material in gaseous combustion products flowing through said pit, a valve operating means connected to each of the valves in said conduit means, and control means connecting 'said oxygen-analyzing means to each of said valve operating means for directing air through a thicker layer of refuse if unused oxygen appears in the gas- I veous products of combustion in the pit and for di- 2 capacity of the oven comprising a common duct connected to said separate conduit means and valve means in said common duct for regulating the total air suprecting air through a thinner layer of refuse if unburned'combustible material appears in the-gaseous products of combustion in the pit.
  • a method for completely burning refuse at least a portion of which comprises combustible components of variable caloric content, whereby the discharge into the atmosphere of malodorous and noxious gaseous products is avoided, said process comprising;

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
US451710A 1973-03-21 1974-03-15 Arrangement for regulating the supply of combustion air and the excess of oxygen in refuse burning ovens Expired - Lifetime US3894497A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI730886A FI50663C (fi) 1973-03-21 1973-03-21 Palamisilman syötön ja happiylimäärän säädön järjestely jätteenpolttou unissa

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3894497A true US3894497A (en) 1975-07-15

Family

ID=8504791

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US451710A Expired - Lifetime US3894497A (en) 1973-03-21 1974-03-15 Arrangement for regulating the supply of combustion air and the excess of oxygen in refuse burning ovens

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3894497A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5227465B2 (enExample)
AU (1) AU477104B2 (enExample)
DE (1) DE2412927C3 (enExample)
FI (1) FI50663C (enExample)
FR (1) FR2222610B1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1457948A (enExample)
SE (1) SE385730B (enExample)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998010224A1 (en) * 1996-09-02 1998-03-12 Fioter Oy Method for treating waste material containing hydrocarbons
US6083296A (en) * 1995-04-07 2000-07-04 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Method of producing metals and metal alloys
US6143054A (en) * 1997-09-26 2000-11-07 Technological Resources Pty Ltd. Process of producing molten metals
US6189462B1 (en) * 1996-06-24 2001-02-20 Nippon Steel Corporation Burning/melting method of waste melting furnace
US6270553B1 (en) 1996-12-18 2001-08-07 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct reduction of metal oxide agglomerates
US6289034B1 (en) 1998-08-28 2001-09-11 Technologies Resources Pty. Ltd. Process and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
US6322745B1 (en) 1998-07-01 2001-11-27 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting vessel and direct smelting process
US6328783B1 (en) 1996-12-18 2001-12-11 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Producing iron from solid iron carbide
US6379424B1 (en) 1999-10-26 2002-04-30 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting apparatus and process
US6379422B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2002-04-30 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting process
US6387153B1 (en) 1999-10-15 2002-05-14 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Stable idle procedure
US6402808B1 (en) 1998-07-24 2002-06-11 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting process
US6423115B1 (en) 1999-01-08 2002-07-23 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Direct smelting process
US6423114B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2002-07-23 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Pressure control
US6428603B1 (en) 1999-09-27 2002-08-06 Technological Resources Pty., Ltd. Direct smelting process
US6440195B1 (en) 1998-10-14 2002-08-27 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Process and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
US6475264B1 (en) 1998-07-24 2002-11-05 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Direct smelting process
US6478848B1 (en) 1998-09-04 2002-11-12 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Direct smelting process
US6517605B1 (en) 1999-07-09 2003-02-11 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Start-up procedure for direct smelting process
US6585929B1 (en) 1999-06-08 2003-07-01 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Direct smelting vessel
US6602321B2 (en) 2000-09-26 2003-08-05 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting process
US20130000531A1 (en) * 2010-03-18 2013-01-03 Plantec Inc. Method for supplying combustion air in vertical incinerator and vertical incinerator

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3958920A (en) * 1975-06-03 1976-05-25 Rust Engineering Company System for controlling the operation of a multiple hearth furnace
US4077338A (en) * 1976-08-05 1978-03-07 Union Carbide Corporation Shaft furnace for pyrolysis of refuse with bed support structure
JPS5819936B2 (ja) * 1976-10-26 1983-04-20 日本鉱業株式会社 硫化砒素汚泥の処理方法及び装置
JPS5541366A (en) * 1978-09-19 1980-03-24 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Treating method of ash produced in incinerating refuse and refuse incinerating system
US5020451A (en) * 1989-10-05 1991-06-04 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Fluidized-bed combustion furnace
DE4401563C1 (de) * 1994-01-20 1995-02-02 Freiberger Ne Metall Gmbh Verfahren zur thermischen Aufarbeitung von Abfallstoffen
DE4415342C1 (de) * 1994-05-02 1995-09-07 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Abfall
DE102010052404A1 (de) * 2010-11-24 2012-05-24 Clyde Bergemann Drycon Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer Verbrennung in einem Verbrennungskessel

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2160481A (en) * 1936-05-11 1939-05-30 Lockwood Lee Furnace
US2869487A (en) * 1955-08-25 1959-01-20 Silent Glow Oil Burner Corp Incinerators
US3697256A (en) * 1971-02-08 1972-10-10 Isaiah B Engle Method of incinerating refuse
US3707129A (en) * 1970-08-18 1972-12-26 Ebara Infilco Method and apparatus for disposing of refuse
US3747542A (en) * 1971-03-17 1973-07-24 Tampella Oy Ab Method and device for the treatment of refuse

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2160481A (en) * 1936-05-11 1939-05-30 Lockwood Lee Furnace
US2869487A (en) * 1955-08-25 1959-01-20 Silent Glow Oil Burner Corp Incinerators
US3707129A (en) * 1970-08-18 1972-12-26 Ebara Infilco Method and apparatus for disposing of refuse
US3697256A (en) * 1971-02-08 1972-10-10 Isaiah B Engle Method of incinerating refuse
US3747542A (en) * 1971-03-17 1973-07-24 Tampella Oy Ab Method and device for the treatment of refuse

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6083296A (en) * 1995-04-07 2000-07-04 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Method of producing metals and metal alloys
US6267799B1 (en) 1995-04-07 2001-07-31 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Method of producing metals and metal alloys
US6189462B1 (en) * 1996-06-24 2001-02-20 Nippon Steel Corporation Burning/melting method of waste melting furnace
US6213033B1 (en) * 1996-09-02 2001-04-10 Fioter Oy Method for treating waste material containing hydrocarbons
WO1998010224A1 (en) * 1996-09-02 1998-03-12 Fioter Oy Method for treating waste material containing hydrocarbons
US6328783B1 (en) 1996-12-18 2001-12-11 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Producing iron from solid iron carbide
US6270553B1 (en) 1996-12-18 2001-08-07 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct reduction of metal oxide agglomerates
US6143054A (en) * 1997-09-26 2000-11-07 Technological Resources Pty Ltd. Process of producing molten metals
US6322745B1 (en) 1998-07-01 2001-11-27 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting vessel and direct smelting process
US6475264B1 (en) 1998-07-24 2002-11-05 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Direct smelting process
US6402808B1 (en) 1998-07-24 2002-06-11 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting process
US6289034B1 (en) 1998-08-28 2001-09-11 Technologies Resources Pty. Ltd. Process and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
US6478848B1 (en) 1998-09-04 2002-11-12 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Direct smelting process
US6440195B1 (en) 1998-10-14 2002-08-27 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Process and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
US6423115B1 (en) 1999-01-08 2002-07-23 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Direct smelting process
US6585929B1 (en) 1999-06-08 2003-07-01 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Direct smelting vessel
US6517605B1 (en) 1999-07-09 2003-02-11 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Start-up procedure for direct smelting process
US6379422B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2002-04-30 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting process
US6423114B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2002-07-23 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Pressure control
US6428603B1 (en) 1999-09-27 2002-08-06 Technological Resources Pty., Ltd. Direct smelting process
US6387153B1 (en) 1999-10-15 2002-05-14 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Stable idle procedure
US6379424B1 (en) 1999-10-26 2002-04-30 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting apparatus and process
US6602321B2 (en) 2000-09-26 2003-08-05 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting process
US20130000531A1 (en) * 2010-03-18 2013-01-03 Plantec Inc. Method for supplying combustion air in vertical incinerator and vertical incinerator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2222610A1 (enExample) 1974-10-18
JPS508381A (enExample) 1975-01-28
FI50663C (fi) 1976-05-10
GB1457948A (en) 1976-12-08
FR2222610B1 (enExample) 1979-05-25
SE385730B (sv) 1976-07-19
AU477104B2 (en) 1976-10-14
JPS5227465B2 (enExample) 1977-07-20
FI50663B (enExample) 1976-02-02
DE2412927B2 (de) 1977-11-10
DE2412927C3 (de) 1978-06-29
AU6687474A (en) 1975-10-16
DE2412927A1 (de) 1974-09-26

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