US3892908A - Coating of solid substrates with magnetically propelled particles - Google Patents

Coating of solid substrates with magnetically propelled particles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3892908A
US3892908A US373028A US37302873A US3892908A US 3892908 A US3892908 A US 3892908A US 373028 A US373028 A US 373028A US 37302873 A US37302873 A US 37302873A US 3892908 A US3892908 A US 3892908A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coating
particulate material
substrate
magnet elements
aluminum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US373028A
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English (en)
Inventor
William R Lovness
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority to US373028A priority Critical patent/US3892908A/en
Priority to NL7406046A priority patent/NL7406046A/xx
Priority to ES427310A priority patent/ES427310A1/es
Priority to BR4954/74A priority patent/BR7404954A/pt
Priority to AU70418/74A priority patent/AU477086B2/en
Priority to FR7421815A priority patent/FR2235738B1/fr
Priority to JP7220674A priority patent/JPS538537B2/ja
Priority to GB2797974A priority patent/GB1467449A/en
Priority to BE145806A priority patent/BE816770A/xx
Priority to DE19742430794 priority patent/DE2430794C3/de
Priority to IT51698/74A priority patent/IT1016155B/it
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3892908A publication Critical patent/US3892908A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
    • H01F41/16—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates the magnetic material being applied in the form of particles, e.g. by serigraphy, to form thick magnetic films or precursors therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/90—Magnetic feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
    • Y10T428/257—Iron oxide or aluminum oxide

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the coating of solid substrates with various materials. More particularly. the present invention is directed to the coating of various particulate materials on the surface of solid substrates by utilizing particles propelled by magnetic forces.
  • An article may be coated to modify its surface properties such as corrosion resistance. electrical contact resistance. reflectivity. color. abrasion resistance. solderability. coefficient of friction. etc.
  • Electroplating is limited in the number of metals which can be plated. causes hydrogen embrittlement and has the disadvantage of requiring a conductive substrate. thereby also precluding the coating of plastic by this technique unless the plastic substrate is provided with a conductive surface.
  • Metal spraying applicable primarily for heavy deposits. produces a coating which is porous. dimensionally nonuniform. and usually requires thermal treatment to improve adherence. The finish of sprayed metal coatings is rough and unattractive.
  • hot-dipped coatings are limited to low melting metals such as zinc. tin. lead and aluminum. Additionally. hot dipping requires an extremely clean. greaseand oxidefree surface to obtain a uniform adherent coating.
  • the process of mechanical plating has been known for perhaps a quarter of a century. The broad principles ofthe process are well known; see. e.g.. British Pat. No. 534.888. US. Pat. Nos. 2.689.808. and Re. 23.861, and other publications.
  • the process is typically carried out by placing in a tumbling barrel metallic parts to be plated. plating metals in the form of minute malleable particles. impact media such as glass beads and cullet. water. and. optionally. a chemical promoter. As the tumbling barrel is rotated. the plating metal particles are hammered against the surface of the metallic parts to be plated. the impact media and the parts themselves serving to flatten the metal particles into a continuous coat.
  • Mechanical plating may produce adequate results but is generally limited to only a few metals such as tin. zinc. cadmium. and brass.
  • Mechanical plating may also be accomplished by projecting an air borne mixture of coatable particles and hard peening particles onto a substrate causing hammering of the coatable particles on the surface as a layer. Such a process is limited by the trajectory of the stream ofthe air borne mixture to relatively flat and uniformly shaped substrates.
  • particulate material is plated on a substrate surface by exposing the surface in a confined volume containing small magnet elements mixed with the particulate material and establishing within an effective distance of the confined volume a magnetic field varying in direction with time.
  • the magnetic field imparts motion to the magnet elements which in turn imparts a motion to the particulate material mixed therewith.
  • These materials then impinge upon the surface of the substrate in a sufficient amount and with sufficient force to clean the surface and hammer the particulate material thereon to form a uniform coating. Microscopic examination of the coated surface. prior to completion of the coating. indeed reveals a multitude of flattened particles adhered to the substrate surface. in
  • the present invention provides a coating process which permits simple or very complex shaped articles of plastic. metal. or any hard material to be coated with any of a variety of materials including plastics. metals. inorganic materials and others.
  • the process utilizes simple economical apparatus and produces no undesirable waste products which require removal or disposal.
  • the process which requires no toxic chemicals. does not utilize molten metal and therefore eliminating the danger of burns and fires caused thereby.
  • the process can be used to coat fragile articles. very complex articles. and articles not capable of being coated by conventional techniques.
  • the process provides uniform coatings of good quality from very thin to very thick. with no modification thereof merely by continuing coating for the appropriate time. No hydrogen embrittlement is produced by the process of the present invention.
  • FIG. I is a plan view of a coating apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical section view. taken at lines 2-2 of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
  • the apparatus utilized for coating in accordance with the invention is comprised of a magnetic field generating device I0 capable of producing a magnetic field which varies in direction with time.
  • small magnet elements 11 capable of being moved by the magnetic field.
  • particulate material 12 which is to be coated.
  • a container 13 confines the mixture of magnet elements particulate material 12, and substrate 14 being coated. in a predetermined volume.
  • magnetic field generating device 10 is shown as a solid annulus merely for purposes of illustration. and it will actually have other parts such as wires. cores. etc. as will be apparent from the description which follows.
  • the magnetic field may be generated by means of osillators. oscillator/amplifier combinations. solid-state pulsating devices. motor generators. and mechanical vibrators.
  • the magnetic field may also be provided by 7 means of air or metal core coils. stator devices or the like.
  • the preferred device for generating the magnetic field is capable of generating a rotating magnetic field. With such a device. the field which is generated rotates about a central axis defined by the device itself.
  • a preferred device for generating such a rotating magnetic field is described in assignees copending application to Lovness and Feldhaus. Ser. No. 334.000. filed Feb. 20. 1973. the disclosure of which is incorpo rated herein by reference.
  • This device has at least four overlapping electrical coils arranged in a generally cir cular pattern of opposed pairs and energized by two or more oubof-phase sources of alternating current so that opposed coils are of opposite polarity and of the same phase.
  • a rudimentary version of this type of field generator device is the stator of a two pole alternating current electric motor.
  • the container or surface for confining the magnet elements and particulate coating material within a predetermined area should be formed of a non-magnetic ma terial such as glass. synthetic organic plastics. for example. polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g.. Teflon"). polyethylene. polypropylene. and the like. ceramics. nonmagnetic metals such as stainless steels. bronze. lead. etc.
  • any one of a variety of particulate materials of varying degrees of hardness and shape is contemplated for use us the coating material of the present invention.
  • the coating materials are metal powders but other materials have also been found suitable for coating.
  • Illustrative of metal powders which may be coated are aluminum. iron. lead. zinc. cadmium. copper. indium. tantalum. chromium. magnesium. nickel. tungsten. silver. and gold.
  • Illustrative metal alloy powders which have been found useful for coating include stainless steels. aluminum/zinc alloys. and tin/lead alloys.
  • Non-metal powders found useful for coating in the present invention include graphite. molybdenum disulfide. and organic resins such as polytetrafiuoroethylene and polyvinyl chloride.
  • the shape of the particulate material being coated need not be in any particular form since it has been found virtually all shapes will provide a suitable coating. e.g.. round. flake. etc.
  • the particulate material may range in size from 0.1 micron or less in maximum dimension to several hundred microns or more; preferably the particle size is within the range of 0.5 to 50 microns.
  • the mass of each magnet element is preferably at least twice the mass of each individual fragment of particulate material being coated or else very large magnetic forces are required to provide uniform and permanent coatings.
  • the process of the inven tion utilizes small magnet elements. each of which is an individual minute permanent magnet and hence susceptible to the influence of a moving magnetic field.
  • Such elements include gamma iron oxide (F6 03).
  • hard barium ferrite. (Ba0.6Ee particulate aluminumnickelcobalt alloys. or mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable magnet elements have been found to have a magnetization (M) in excess of l0 gauss per gram. magnetization being a measure of the magnetic field intensity of the material from which the particles are prepared.
  • Hard barium ferrite has a magnetization of about 70 gauss/gm and gamma iron oxide has a magnetization of about 50 gauss/gm.
  • suitable LII all
  • magnet elements should have a magnetic coercivity (defined as the opposite sign field necessary to reduce the magnetization to zero) greater than the magnetic field (H) applied to cause physical movement ofthe element.
  • Magnetic fields of about to about 600 oer steds and higher have been used to move the particles.
  • Hard barium ferrite has a magnetic coercivity ofabout 3000 oersteds and the gamma iron oxide has a magnetic cocrcivity of about 300 oersteds.
  • Magnet elements having a magnetic coercivity less than about l00 oersteds have been found not to be particularly suited for use in the invention because application of external magnetic fields sufficiently strong to move the elements causes demagnetization.
  • the size of the magnet elements will vary over a considerable range depending upon the coatable particulate material and upon the particular substrate being coated. As previously stated, the mass of the magnet elements being used should be at least twice the mass of the particulate material being coated. Typically. the size ofthe magnet elements will vary between 1 micron in maximum extent to about several hundred microns or more. The size ofthe magnet elements should be sufficiently small to enter any openings or perforations in the article being coated. if it is desired to coat the inner surface of such openings.
  • the amount of magnet elements used with the coat able particulate material will also vary depending upon the coatable particulate material being used and upon the substrate being coated. Functionally stated. the total mass of magnet elements is that sufficient to cause the coatable particulate material to impinge upon the surface of the substrate being coated and to provide a coating thereon. Since the magnet elements should be at least twice the mass of the coatable particulate material. the total mass of the magnet elements will likewise be at least twice the mass of the coatable particulate material. Usually an excess of the amount of coatable particulate material desired to be coated on the substrate is used or eventually added during the coating operation.
  • the magnet elements coatable particulate material mixture may be used with other substances.
  • a suitable abrasive material in the mixture may be used with the magnet elements coatable particulate material mixture.
  • the mixture may contain hard dense particles such as glass beads. metal shot. ceramic beads and the like to aid in hammering the particulate material onto the surface of the substrate.
  • the process of the invention is generally carried out under normal atmospheric conditions. however. for some materials (either coatable materials or substrates) it may be desirable to coat in an inert atmosphere such as dry nitrogen. argon. or helium. or to carry out the entire operation in a vacuum or near va cumm. For example. when utilizing magnesium powder as the coatable particulate material. it is preferred to carry out the process in a dry inert atmosphere. Addi- 5 tionally. while it is generally unnecessary. various coating additives or promoters may also be utilized in the process. Such materials may provide a more uniform coating for some coatable particulate materials and for erating device and barium ferrite magnetic particles The rotating magnetic field generating device. originally the stator of a c horsepower electric motor.
  • a i h have f layer of lush Sca
  • the magnet elements Werc ban P layer Extremely lhlck layer? of Surface ium ferrite speaker magnets which had been crushed to tamination are preferably removed prior to commence- 5 provide a particle Size which passed through a 5 mam f Coaung to Shorten the amount lequlred Standard Screen mesh size of [2 and were retained on to acheve a 40 mesh (approximately 0.42 mm).
  • the powdered aluminum was that 50M by US and is not desired, magnet elements encased in a pro- Bronze Powder Company as Venus Aluminum POW tective shell such as a hard polymeric resin coating may def Atomized N0 610 medium mesh having a particle be used A typuial Cmmng of polyurethane: size of about microns and a bulk powder density of Substrates which can be coated or plated in accor- 1.0 g/CC About 2.5 grams of powdflred Iuminum were dance with the present invention include any hard ma- 35 used terial Such materials include metals.
  • EXAMPLES l69-l74 The following examples show the effective weight ratio of particulate material to magnet elements useful in the invention.
  • a copper piece was attached inside the container consisting of an 8 ounce paper drinking cup which also contained I00 grams of magnet elements.
  • the rotating magnetic field generating device was operated at l l amperes for 30 minutes in each case.
  • the amount of aluminum powder used for each example is shown in the table below.
  • the efficacy of coating is reduced somewhat if the weight of particulate material is greater than about l/lOth the weight of the magnet elements, indicating that it is preferred to maintain a relatively small amount of particulate material with respect to the magnet elements.
  • a process for coating particulate material upon the surface of a substrate comprising:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
US373028A 1973-06-25 1973-06-25 Coating of solid substrates with magnetically propelled particles Expired - Lifetime US3892908A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US373028A US3892908A (en) 1973-06-25 1973-06-25 Coating of solid substrates with magnetically propelled particles
NL7406046A NL7406046A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-06-25 1974-05-06
ES427310A ES427310A1 (es) 1973-06-25 1974-06-15 Un procedimiento y un aparato para aplicar como revestimi- ento un material constituido por particulas sobre la super- ficie de un substrato.
BR4954/74A BR7404954A (pt) 1973-06-25 1974-06-18 Processo e aparelho para revestir a superfiecie de um substrato com material em particulas e mistura de materiais para uso no processo
FR7421815A FR2235738B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24
JP7220674A JPS538537B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24
AU70418/74A AU477086B2 (en) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24 Coating of solid substrates with magnetically propelled particles
GB2797974A GB1467449A (en) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24 Coating of solid substrates with magnetically propelled particles
BE145806A BE816770A (fr) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24 Perfectionnements a l'application de matieres en particules sur des supports
DE19742430794 DE2430794C3 (de) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Überzügen auf Substratoberflächen durch Aufbringen eines Gemisches aus einem teilchenförmigen unmagnetischen Beschichtungsmittel und einem teilchenförmigen magnetischen Material in einem magnetischen Feld
IT51698/74A IT1016155B (it) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24 Procedimento ed apparecchio per rivestire sottostrati solidi con particelle magneticamente propulse

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US373028A US3892908A (en) 1973-06-25 1973-06-25 Coating of solid substrates with magnetically propelled particles

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US (1) US3892908A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS538537B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
AU (1) AU477086B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
BE (1) BE816770A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
BR (1) BR7404954A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
ES (1) ES427310A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2235738B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1467449A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
IT (1) IT1016155B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NL (1) NL7406046A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3985649A (en) * 1974-11-25 1976-10-12 Eddelman Roy T Ferromagnetic separation process and material
US4024295A (en) * 1975-04-07 1977-05-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Coating process utilizing propelled particles
US4142479A (en) * 1975-10-06 1979-03-06 Daidotokushuko Kabushikikaisha Magnetic separators and apparatus for making the same
US4189507A (en) * 1975-01-13 1980-02-19 Gosudarstvenny Nauchnoissledovatelsky Institmashinovedenia Method for balancing rotors
US4486641A (en) * 1981-12-21 1984-12-04 Ruffini Robert S Inductor, coating and method
US4873605A (en) * 1986-03-03 1989-10-10 Innovex, Inc. Magnetic treatment of ferromagnetic materials
US4952463A (en) * 1985-10-29 1990-08-28 Okura Techno-Research Kabushiki Kaisha (Okura Techno-Research Company Ltd.) Ferrite-ceramic composite powder and method of manufacturing the same
US5030301A (en) * 1990-09-28 1991-07-09 Honeywell, Inc. Oxidizer coated metal fuels with means to prevent auto-ignition
US5110774A (en) * 1985-11-29 1992-05-05 Atsushi Ogura Homogeneous solid solution material and method of manufacturing the same
US5120611A (en) * 1985-10-29 1992-06-09 Atsushi Ogura Metal oxide ceramic composite powder and method of manufacturing the same
US5418811A (en) * 1992-04-08 1995-05-23 Fluxtrol Manufacturing, Inc. High performance induction melting coil
US5699842A (en) * 1996-04-12 1997-12-23 Xerox Corporation Magnetic filling and mixing apparatus and processes thereof
US5817374A (en) * 1996-05-31 1998-10-06 Electrox Corporation Process for patterning powders into thick layers
US6037019A (en) * 1995-08-24 2000-03-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Process for making particle-coated solid substrates
US6144544A (en) * 1996-10-01 2000-11-07 Milov; Vladimir N. Apparatus and method for material treatment using a magnetic field
US20020174878A1 (en) * 1998-08-21 2002-11-28 Life Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for washing magnetic particles
GB2375977A (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-12-04 Visteon Global Tech Inc Manufacturing magneto-rheological or electro-rheological substance impregnated materials
US6581740B2 (en) 2001-05-11 2003-06-24 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Multiple disc clutch pack having rheological film layer
US20040123877A1 (en) * 2002-12-30 2004-07-01 Brown Dale G. Coated multifilament dental devices overcoated with imbedded particulate
US20050250028A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-11-10 Qian Julie Y Positively charged coated electrographic toner particles and process
US20070036026A1 (en) * 2005-05-16 2007-02-15 Laibinis Paul E Magnetic Particle Systems and Methods
US7183030B2 (en) 2004-05-07 2007-02-27 Samsung Electronics Company Negatively charged coated electrographic toner particles and process
US20070215553A1 (en) * 2004-01-28 2007-09-20 Yellen Benjamin B Magnetic Fluid Manipulators and Methods for Their Use
US20090188520A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-07-30 Whitehill Oral Technologies, Inc. Coated dental devices with ablative abrasives
US20100157724A1 (en) * 2006-06-21 2010-06-24 Amar Rida Device and Method for Manipulating and Mixing Magnetic Particles in a Liquid Medium
US20100159556A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Amar Rida Method for Manipulating Magnetic Particles in a Liquid Medium
US20140307519A1 (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-16 Xerox Corporation Method and system for magnetic actuated mixing
US8870446B2 (en) 2006-06-21 2014-10-28 Spinomix S.A. Device and method for manipulating and mixing magnetic particles in a liquid medium
US20150290651A1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2015-10-15 Xerox Corporation Magnetic milling systems and methods
US9968959B2 (en) 2004-12-30 2018-05-15 Nordson Corporation Component delivery system utilizing film bags
US10625293B2 (en) 2004-12-30 2020-04-21 Nordson Corporation Component delivery system utilizing film bags

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DE2743972C2 (de) * 1977-09-30 1986-09-25 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren zur Herstellung von kunststoffgebundenen Magnetkörpern

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US2880554A (en) * 1956-01-03 1959-04-07 Reflectone Corp Treating or polishing apparatus
US3219318A (en) * 1961-08-22 1965-11-23 Hershler Abe Fluid treating method and apparatus
US3318284A (en) * 1964-01-30 1967-05-09 Hitachi Ltd Apparatus for developing electrostatic images of records
US3423880A (en) * 1965-10-24 1969-01-28 Abe Hershler Surface-treating device
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US3455276A (en) * 1967-05-23 1969-07-15 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Magnetically responsive powder applicator

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US2735231A (en) * 1953-05-22 1956-02-21 Reflectone Corp simjian
US2880554A (en) * 1956-01-03 1959-04-07 Reflectone Corp Treating or polishing apparatus
US3219318A (en) * 1961-08-22 1965-11-23 Hershler Abe Fluid treating method and apparatus
US3318284A (en) * 1964-01-30 1967-05-09 Hitachi Ltd Apparatus for developing electrostatic images of records
US3423880A (en) * 1965-10-24 1969-01-28 Abe Hershler Surface-treating device
US3439899A (en) * 1967-02-27 1969-04-22 Magneto Dynamics Inc Method for the production and control of fluidized beds
US3455276A (en) * 1967-05-23 1969-07-15 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Magnetically responsive powder applicator

Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3985649A (en) * 1974-11-25 1976-10-12 Eddelman Roy T Ferromagnetic separation process and material
US4189507A (en) * 1975-01-13 1980-02-19 Gosudarstvenny Nauchnoissledovatelsky Institmashinovedenia Method for balancing rotors
US4024295A (en) * 1975-04-07 1977-05-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Coating process utilizing propelled particles
US4142479A (en) * 1975-10-06 1979-03-06 Daidotokushuko Kabushikikaisha Magnetic separators and apparatus for making the same
US4486641A (en) * 1981-12-21 1984-12-04 Ruffini Robert S Inductor, coating and method
US4952463A (en) * 1985-10-29 1990-08-28 Okura Techno-Research Kabushiki Kaisha (Okura Techno-Research Company Ltd.) Ferrite-ceramic composite powder and method of manufacturing the same
US5120611A (en) * 1985-10-29 1992-06-09 Atsushi Ogura Metal oxide ceramic composite powder and method of manufacturing the same
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JPS538537B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1978-03-29
FR2235738B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1978-01-13
BR7404954A (pt) 1976-02-24
BE816770A (fr) 1974-12-24
ES427310A1 (es) 1976-07-16
DE2430794B2 (de) 1977-02-24
DE2430794A1 (de) 1975-01-09
FR2235738A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1975-01-31
IT1016155B (it) 1977-05-30
NL7406046A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-12-30
GB1467449A (en) 1977-03-16
AU477086B2 (en) 1976-10-14
JPS5049126A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1975-05-01

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