US3891472A - Relief-patterned metal article and a method of making same - Google Patents

Relief-patterned metal article and a method of making same Download PDF

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US3891472A
US3891472A US364406A US36440673A US3891472A US 3891472 A US3891472 A US 3891472A US 364406 A US364406 A US 364406A US 36440673 A US36440673 A US 36440673A US 3891472 A US3891472 A US 3891472A
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Prior art keywords
relief
crystal
article
curved
grains
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US364406A
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English (en)
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Kiyota Yoshida
Mizuo Ejima
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RIKEN
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RIKEN
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
    • B44C1/227—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching by etching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12993—Surface feature [e.g., rough, mirror]

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A metal article is formed with a relief pattern on its surface by a method comprising shaping the metal article to deform the surface thereof such as by bending a flat sheet, then annealing the thus deformed article above the recrystallization temperature to cause enlargement of the crystal grains. The article is then deformed again, such as by being flattened to its original shape, whereafter the surface of the article is etched. There is produced on the surface a relief pattern which can appear to be raised in part and depressed in part.
  • This invention relates to a patterned metal article having a crystal pattern composed of crystal grains appearing on the surface of the article, and more specifically it relates to a relief-patterned metal article and to a method of making same, said relief-patterned article having a crystal pattern composed of either agglomerations of large-sized crystal grains or discrete large-sized crystal grains on at least a part of the surface of the article.
  • the crystal grains can be made to appear on a metal surface in the form of a pattern first by subjecting the metal to a slight deformation (of a magnitude ofa few percent), second by annealing the material thus deformed, and finally by subjecting the thus annealed material to etching. Also, it is well known that the shape and size of the crystal grain will vary with the degree of deformation, the annealing temperature and other operating parameters.
  • the crystal grains are produced on the surface of a vase or other annular products in the form ofa pattern by preshaping metal material into blanks or semi-manufactured goods under pressure, subjecting the blank to stress-relief annealing (annealing for primary recrystallization), shaping the blank thus annealed to the final shape as required, annealing the final blank for the growth of crystal grains (annealing for secondary recrystallization, and finally by etching the same.
  • stress-relief annealing annealing for primary recrystallization
  • shaping the blank thus annealed to the final shape as required annealing the final blank for the growth of crystal grains
  • annealing for secondary recrystallization annealing for secondary recrystallization
  • the patterned article produced by the above methods presents a pleasing appearance with respect to the ornamental requirements.
  • the crystal pattern thus produced will be of two-dimensional or flat appearance.
  • This invention is based on this discovery, and one object of this invention is to provide a metal article having a three-dimensional or relief crystal pattern in appearance.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method of making such a relief-patterned article.
  • article herein used should be understood to include metal material of any form, such as sheet, plate, foil, or pipe; semi-manufactured metal goods and final metal products.
  • a relief-patterned metal article having a crystal pattern composed of crystal grains, at least a part of said crystal pattern being composed of large-sized crystal grains visible to the naked eye, the crystal lattice of each large-sized crystal grain or the lattice of each of selected large-sized crystal grains being curved per se, also being curved with respect to the surface of said article prior to etching.
  • a method of producing a relief-patterned metal article comprising the steps of: shaping a metal material or at least a part thereof by bending, punch stretching, deep drawing, squeezing or other deforming operations to produce a given curved or folded form; annealing the material above the recrystallization temperature to cause enlargement of crystal grains; leveling or shaping the material by bending, punch stretching, extruding, deep drawing, squeezing or other deforming operations such that it has local curvatures different from those of said given curved form; and then etching the material.
  • each of the large-sized crystal grains exposed on the surface of the relief-patterned article has a lattice which is curved with respect to the surface.
  • Each single large-sized crystal grain exposed on the metal surface will reflect light in different directions, and it will shine in a way similar to a polyhedron reflector when exposed to light.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation representing the surface ofa conventional patterned article having a two-dimensional or flat crystal pattern in appearance
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 diagrammatically show the manner in which the crystal lattice of each large-sized grain is curved and the manner in which collimated rays will be reflected by the metal surface to present a threedimensional or relief pattern to the human eye;
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are photographs of actual reliefpatterned articles according to this invention, whereas FIG. 4C is a photograph of a conventional patterned article;
  • FIG. 5 is a photograph of a relief-patterned article according to this invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the shape which the material may take in producing a relief-patterned article according to this invention.
  • FIGS. 7 to 12 show different relief-patterned articles according to this invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a diagrammatic sectional view of the surface of a conventional crystalpatterned metal article.
  • the surface of the metal article prior to the etching treatment is indicated by the dotted, planar line.
  • Sections I, II and III represent different crystal grains, and the fine grid intersections in each of these sections indicate a crystal lattice. If the metal surface is subjected to etching, the part lying between the dotted line and the solid line will be removed from the metal surface, thus leaving a square-irregular surface in the microscopic sense. The inclination of individual microsquares with respect to the original surface (dotted line) simply depends on the crystal orientation.
  • collimated rays a /a l are projected onto the squareirregular surface of the metal, the collimated rays will reflect on individual crystal grains I, II and III at different angles, thus presenting a crystal pattern to the human eye.
  • the collimated rays will reflect from the square-irregular surface of a single crystal grain I, II or III at the same angle, thus causing the entire area of the single crystal grain to appear with the same intensity of brightness.
  • the entire surface of the metal will present a twodimensional or flat crystal pattern.
  • the metal sheet is curved, and the sheet thus curved is annealed to cause the crystal grains to enlarge.
  • the crystal lattice of each grain is not deformed (or curved) in this stage of process, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the metal blank is then flattened or curved in an opposite or different direction from the previous deformation.
  • the lattice of each crystal grain will be curved as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the metal blank is subjected to etching to leave the square-irregular surface as indicated by the thick solid line.
  • the crystal lattice is shown as continuously curved.
  • the lattice may be curved, partially or wholly, e.g. in the form of a polygon.
  • the direction and curvature of the crystal lattice depends on the degree of variation from the first shaping prior to annealing to the second shaping subsequent to annealing.
  • a proper shape is given to the metal mate rial, prior to annealing, so that a crystal pattern composed of crystal grains having a variety of curved lattices may be caused to appear on a given part of the surface or over the whole area thereof.
  • the strength of the metal if annealed will be lowered, and for this reason the conventional patterned metal is, in fact, useless in making metal articles sufficiently rigid in use.
  • the second shaping subsequent to annealing in the process according to this invention, however, will be useful in hardening the material, fully compensating for the strength of the material lost in the first annealing.
  • the reliefcrystal pattern will not be damaged even if the material is subjected to a drastic second shaping of as much as 30%.
  • the material which can be used in making patterned articles according to this invention may be for instance, copper, brass, stainless steel, aluminum, zinc, tin or alloys thereof.
  • the material may be of any shape, as for instance, sheet, foil, rod, or pipe.
  • the relief-patterned article is finally treated by applying a transparent lacquer, by electric plating or by anodic oxidation, the relief-pattern will clearly appear without losing the details thereof.
  • EXAMPLE l An aluminum plate (0.5mm thick) was wound around a rod (20mm in diameter), and then the rod was removed. The wound plate was annealed at a temperture above 560C for 30 minutes, thus making the crystal grains large. When the plate has cooled, it was unwound and leveled. The plate was etched in an HCl- HNO solution, thus causing large-size grains to appear in the form of a pattern as shown in FIG. 4A.
  • each irregular section corresponding to a single large-sized grain shines evenly, and therefore the irregular sections together present a twodimensional mosaic pattern to the human eye.
  • each irregular section appearing on the surface of the patterned article according to this invention shines unevenly. More specifically, each irregular section corresponding to a single grain has bright and shady parts, and it presents a concave or convex appearance.
  • the appearance of the relief mosaic pattern is attributable to the fact that the crystal lattice is curved per se, and also curved with respect to the surface level.
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C the appearance of the grain domain on the metal article according to this invention (FIGS. 4A and 4B) is totally different from the appearance of the grain domain on the conventional metal article (FIG. 4C). This is because the direction of crystal growth is controlled by the preshaping prior to annealing, and for this reason this invention makes it possible to provide a variety of mosaic patterns by properly preshaping the metal material prior to annealing.
  • EXAMPLE 2 An aluminum sheet (0.6mm thick) was wound in the form of a funnel and annealed at 600C for one hour.
  • the funnel After the funnel had cooled, it was unwound, and leveled. The meterial was etched in an HCl-HNO, solution, thus causing grains to appear on the metal surface.
  • the final product is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the relief pattern extends radially from one corner of the plate to the other corners, presenting a variety of brightnesses and shadings. This pattern has a floating appearance when a viewer sweeps his eyes over the patterned surface. This floating appearance enhances the ornamental effect.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A square aluminum plate (0.5mm thick) was folded in the form as shown in FIG. 6, and the metal plate, thus folded, was annealed at a temperature above 600C for l hour. After the plate had cooled, it was unfolded and leveled. Then, the square plate was etched in an HCl-HNO- solution. The reliefpatterned article thus obtained is shown in FIG. 7. The pattern is composed of a radial symmetry of bright and shady stripes.
  • EXAMPLE 4 An aluminum foil (100 microns thick) was partially buckled, and preshaped in the form as shown in FIG. 8A. It was annealed at 580C for ID minutes. After cooling, it was stretched into the original form, and leveled. Finally, it was etched in an I-ICl-HNO solution. The relief-patterned article thus obtained is shown in FIG. 88.
  • Another aluminum foil was partially crimped, and was treated in the same way as above mentioned.
  • the resultant article is shown in FIG. 8C. In either case, grains appear at the folds of the foil, rising or sinking from the remaining part of the foil in appearance, thus constituting a clear relief pattern.
  • EXAMPLE 5 A pure aluminum sheet A1085 (0.5mm thick) was first subjected to stress-relief annealing. Then, the sheet was wound around an iron rod (40mm in diameter) in a given direction, and the rod was removed. The rolled sheet was annealed at a temperature above 500C, thus causing grains to enlarge.
  • the sheet was unwound and leveled, and then it was again wound around an iron rod (20mm in diameter) in the direction transverse to the original direction.
  • the iron rod was removed. and then the rolled sheet was annealed at about 580C, thus causing the grains to enlarge.
  • the rolled sheet was unwound and leveled.
  • the flat sheet was etched in an HCl-HNO solution, causing crystal grains to appear on the sheet surface.
  • the relief-patterned article thus obtained is shown in FIG. 9.
  • EXAMPLE 6 An aluminum plate (0.5mm thick) was wound around an iron rod (40mm in diameter), and then the rod was removed. The rolled plate was annealed at a temperature of about 500C, causing the grains to enlarge. After cooling, the plate was unwound, and then it was folded radially at the center of the plate. The plate thus folded was annealed at 580C, thus causing grains to enlarge. After cooling, the plate was leveled. The plate was etched in an HCl-HNO resulting in the exposure of the grains. The resultant product is shown in FIG. 10 and is composed of a relief-patterned sheet having the pattern of large-sized grains, each grain growing in a different direction and having a different curvature of crystal lattice.
  • EXAMPLE 7 The same aluminum sheet as used in Example I was subjected to slight stressing without causing deformation, and then the sheet thus treated was annealed at a temperature above 500C, thus causing the crystal grains to enlarge. After cooling, the sheet was wound around an iron bar (5mm in diameter), and then the bar was removednThe rolled sheet was annealed at about 580C, thus allowing the crystal grains to enlarge. Then, the rolled sheet was unwound, and leveled. The sheet thus leveled was etched in an HCl-HNO solution, thus allowing crystal grains to appear on the sheet surface. The product is shown in FIG. 11 and, has a crystal pattern composed of flat-looking and relieflooking grains in coexistence.
  • EXAMPLE 8 After being stress-relief annealed, an aluminum foil A1050 (0.l5mm thick) was crimped at the center thereof, and the foil thus crimped was annealed at a temperature of about 500C causing the grains to enlarge. After cooling, the foil was extended and smoothed into the original shape. The foil was wound around an iron rod (5mm in diameter), and the rod was removed. The rolled foil was annealed at a temperature of from 540 to 560C, thus causing the grains to enlarge. Then, the foil was unwound and leveled. Finally, the foil was etched in an HCl-HNO; solution, allowing grains to appear on the surface of the foil. As shown in FIG. i2, discrete, striped grains grown in a given direction and collective, capillary grains grown in all directions appear together and constitute a relief pattern in appearance.
  • the method of manufacturing relief-patterned articles according to this invention essentially comprises, the steps of: at least partially curving a metal material; annealing the metal material in its curved state; leveling or shaping the annealed material in a different or opposite sense to the previous curving; and finally etching the material.
  • the degree of deformation, the particular shape caused thereby, the degree of stressing, the annealing temperature, the annealing time, the kind of etching agent, the etching period and other factors are properly selected, or determined so as to meet particular requirements of appearance.
  • each large-sized grain appears as if raised from or depressed below the surface of the material, thus providing together a relief pattern in appearance.
  • each single grain appearing on the surface of the material has shiny and shaded parts, thus providing, in combination with the relief appearance, a composite effect on the variety of the pattern.
  • the relief-patterned article according to this inven tion is particularly useful for interior or exterior decoration for houses or vehicles and in decorated articles.
  • a relief-patterned foil (0.05-0.3mm thick) can be used to cover the surface of any kind of substrate material.
  • a material so covered can be used in a variety of ornamental applications.
  • aluminum or tin foils can be used as a packing material.
  • a relief-patterned metal article comprising a crystal pattern composed of a plurality of crystal grains, at least some of which are large-sized crystal grains visible to the naked eye, at least selected of the large-sized crystal grains having a curved crystal lattice which is curved with respect to an outer surface of the article, said surface being etched and the curvature of the crystal lattice being sufficient for providing a visible relief pattern in the surface appearance of the article.
  • a method of producing a relief-patterned metal article comprising: shaping a metal material into a given deformed form; annealing the thus deformed material above the recrystallization temperature to cause enlargement of crystal grains; reshaping the material into a form in which it has a local curvature different from that of said given deformed shape to produce a curved crystal lattice for said grains; and then etching the surface of the material.
  • a method according to claim 4 wherein the steps of shaping the metal material and annealing the material above the recrystallization temperature for enlargement of the crystal grains are repeated at least once for producing a desired crystal pattern.
  • a method of producing a relief-patterned metal article comprising: deforming a metal material such that the material thus deformed is flat; annealing the flat material above the recrystallization temperature to cause enlargement of crystal grains; shaping the flat material into a given curved shape; annealing the material above the recrystallization temperature for further enlargement of crystal grains; deforming the material into a shape which is different from said given curved shape to produce a curved crystal lattice for said grains; and then etching the material.
  • a method according to claim 7 wherein the step of deforming the metal material so that it is flat, comprises leveling, rolling, bending-unbending, or stretch- 9.
  • a method according to claim 4 wherein the different local curvature of the reshaped material is in opposite sense to that produced by the first shaping.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Nonferrous Metals Or Alloys (AREA)
US364406A 1972-05-29 1973-05-29 Relief-patterned metal article and a method of making same Expired - Lifetime US3891472A (en)

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JP (1) JPS5222338B2 (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE800196A (enrdf_load_html_response)
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084990A (en) * 1975-12-26 1978-04-18 Citizen Watch Company Limited Process for fabrication of decorative panel
US6807836B2 (en) 2001-10-09 2004-10-26 Ormet Corporation Method of applying a surface finish on a metal substrate and method of preparing work rolls for applying the surface finish
US20100089873A1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2010-04-15 Fridy Joseph M Enhanced metal wicking surface

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5460085U (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1977-09-30 1979-04-25
IT1177923B (it) * 1984-07-24 1987-08-26 Centro Speriment Metallurg Lamiera per conduttura di trasporto di gas in pressione
JPS6132070U (ja) * 1984-07-31 1986-02-26 武義 奈良岡 テツシユペ−パ用箱

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2941930A (en) * 1957-05-28 1960-06-21 Reynolds Metals Co Decorative aluminum surface
US3773576A (en) * 1971-06-18 1973-11-20 Marvalaud Inc Crystal sketching

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2941930A (en) * 1957-05-28 1960-06-21 Reynolds Metals Co Decorative aluminum surface
US3773576A (en) * 1971-06-18 1973-11-20 Marvalaud Inc Crystal sketching

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084990A (en) * 1975-12-26 1978-04-18 Citizen Watch Company Limited Process for fabrication of decorative panel
US6807836B2 (en) 2001-10-09 2004-10-26 Ormet Corporation Method of applying a surface finish on a metal substrate and method of preparing work rolls for applying the surface finish
US20050081592A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2005-04-21 Sambuco Earl Jr. Aluminum strip material having a brushed surface finish
US20100089873A1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2010-04-15 Fridy Joseph M Enhanced metal wicking surface

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DE2326881A1 (de) 1973-12-13
DE2326881B2 (de) 1976-04-15
JPS4910128A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-01-29
FR2186549A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-01-11
BE800196A (fr) 1973-09-17
FR2186549B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1976-04-23
JPS5222338B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1977-06-16
GB1414827A (en) 1975-11-19

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