US3891426A - Method of making copper-nickel alloys - Google Patents
Method of making copper-nickel alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3891426A US3891426A US496905A US49690574A US3891426A US 3891426 A US3891426 A US 3891426A US 496905 A US496905 A US 496905A US 49690574 A US49690574 A US 49690574A US 3891426 A US3891426 A US 3891426A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- melt
- copper
- nickel
- nickel oxide
- process defined
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[P] Chemical compound [Cu].[P] RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
Definitions
- the copper and nickel may be added together or in the form of scrap (shot) or can be added in combination with scrap (shot) or other materials containing both copper and nickel.
- the oxidizing smelting is necessary to eliminate the gases, especially hydrogen, which result upon smelting to keep the level of included or occluded gases at a low level.
- deoxidation substances e.g. phosphor-copper, manganese, magnesium or like deoxidizing agents and to adjust the carbon content before the melt is cast under pressure or in a static casting step.
- Nickel oxide is a precursor in the production of pure nickel and is an intermediate in many metallurgical processes in the production of pure nickel and, indeed, there have been proposals for using nickel oxide as a source of nickel in the production of alloy (e.g. stainless) steels.
- alloy e.g. stainless
- the reducing agent was the unprocessed steel melt of iron or chromium which had a higher affinity for oxygen than nickel.
- copper-nickel alloys since copper has an oxygen affinity greater than that of nickel only at temperatures above 1600 C.
- copper could not have been conceived as capable of playing the role of a reducing agent via-a-vis nickel oxide. This is especially the case since oxidation of copper is in any event undesirable and uneconomical.
- nickel oxide has a melting point of about 2000 C, well above the usual melt temperatures so that it would be expected that only a small quantity of nickel oxide would be integrated into the melt upon the addition thereof to a normal bath. This obviously means that it is difficult to control the composition of the alloy formed by addition of nickel oxide to a copper-nickel melt.
- the copper Because of the superheating of the carbon-enriched nickel melt and the preheating of the copper, the copper is melted extremely rapidly to release carbon which interacts with the oxygen of the nickel oxide in a violent carbon monoxide evolving boiling reaction which effects the discharge of gases, including detrimental hydrogen, and a significant mixing of the melt.
- the melt is then die-cast (pressure-cast) or cast into static molds under ambient pressure. Before casting it is preferred to apply a vacuum treatment.
- the advantage of the system, according to the present invention is that it allows the cost of the starting material to be significantly reduced without increasing the other costs of the process.
- the copper-nickel alloys have no qualitative difference from the copper-nickel alloys produced from the pure metal or other conventional techniques.
- a copper-nickel alloy containing by weight copper and 25% by weight nickel is prepared by melting nickel oxide (MO) in an electric-arc furnace with addition of graphite to form a melt of about 750 kg, the graphite addition being regulated to ensure, when gaseous evolution ceased, that the product contain about 0.5% by weight carbon.
- MO nickel oxide
- a process for the production of a copper-nickel alloy comprising the steps of:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19732340766 DE2340766C3 (de) | 1973-08-11 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kupfer-Nickel-Legierungen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3891426A true US3891426A (en) | 1975-06-24 |
Family
ID=5889528
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US496905A Expired - Lifetime US3891426A (en) | 1973-08-11 | 1974-08-12 | Method of making copper-nickel alloys |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3891426A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPS5072819A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA1013949A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2240298B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1433316A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4673433A (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1987-06-16 | Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag | Low-alloy steel material, die blocks and other heavy forgings made thereof and a method to manufacture the material |
| US20100327233A1 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-30 | Shugart Jason V | Copper-Carbon Composition |
| US8349759B2 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2013-01-08 | Third Millennium Metals, Llc | Metal-carbon compositions |
| US9273380B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2016-03-01 | Third Millennium Materials, Llc | Aluminum-carbon compositions |
| CN114657412A (zh) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-24 | 金川镍钴研究设计院有限责任公司 | 一种低成本生产BFe10-1-1铸锭的方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2546340A (en) * | 1949-11-14 | 1951-03-27 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Process for producing low-carbon chromium steels |
| US2622978A (en) * | 1951-10-31 | 1952-12-23 | Christopher H Audette | Method of alloying high carbon steel and copper |
| US2968548A (en) * | 1958-01-13 | 1961-01-17 | Int Nickel Co | Temperature compensating iron-nickelcopper alloys |
| US3635701A (en) * | 1968-11-21 | 1972-01-18 | Peter W Davies | Processes for refining the grain size of metals |
| US3682623A (en) * | 1970-10-14 | 1972-08-08 | Metallo Chimique Sa | Copper refining process |
-
1974
- 1974-08-09 GB GB3529274A patent/GB1433316A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-09 CA CA206,649A patent/CA1013949A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-09 FR FR7427754A patent/FR2240298B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-08-10 JP JP49091910A patent/JPS5072819A/ja active Pending
- 1974-08-12 US US496905A patent/US3891426A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2546340A (en) * | 1949-11-14 | 1951-03-27 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Process for producing low-carbon chromium steels |
| US2622978A (en) * | 1951-10-31 | 1952-12-23 | Christopher H Audette | Method of alloying high carbon steel and copper |
| US2968548A (en) * | 1958-01-13 | 1961-01-17 | Int Nickel Co | Temperature compensating iron-nickelcopper alloys |
| US3635701A (en) * | 1968-11-21 | 1972-01-18 | Peter W Davies | Processes for refining the grain size of metals |
| US3682623A (en) * | 1970-10-14 | 1972-08-08 | Metallo Chimique Sa | Copper refining process |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4673433A (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1987-06-16 | Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag | Low-alloy steel material, die blocks and other heavy forgings made thereof and a method to manufacture the material |
| US20100327233A1 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-30 | Shugart Jason V | Copper-Carbon Composition |
| US8647534B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2014-02-11 | Third Millennium Materials, Llc | Copper-carbon composition |
| US8349759B2 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2013-01-08 | Third Millennium Metals, Llc | Metal-carbon compositions |
| US8541335B2 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2013-09-24 | Third Millennium Metals, Llc | Metal-carbon compositions |
| US8541336B2 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2013-09-24 | Third Millennium Metals, Llc | Metal-carbon compositions |
| US8546292B2 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2013-10-01 | Third Millennium Metals, Llc | Metal-carbon compositions |
| US8551905B2 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2013-10-08 | Third Millennium Metals, Llc | Metal-carbon compositions |
| US9273380B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2016-03-01 | Third Millennium Materials, Llc | Aluminum-carbon compositions |
| CN114657412A (zh) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-24 | 金川镍钴研究设计院有限责任公司 | 一种低成本生产BFe10-1-1铸锭的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2340766A1 (de) | 1975-02-27 |
| CA1013949A (en) | 1977-07-19 |
| JPS5072819A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-06-16 |
| AU7232574A (en) | 1976-02-19 |
| DE2340766B2 (de) | 1975-11-13 |
| GB1433316A (en) | 1976-04-28 |
| FR2240298B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1978-07-13 |
| FR2240298A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-03-07 |
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