US3891036A - Control arrangement for the forward and backward movement of percussive boring rams - Google Patents

Control arrangement for the forward and backward movement of percussive boring rams Download PDF

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Publication number
US3891036A
US3891036A US492753A US49275374A US3891036A US 3891036 A US3891036 A US 3891036A US 492753 A US492753 A US 492753A US 49275374 A US49275374 A US 49275374A US 3891036 A US3891036 A US 3891036A
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Prior art keywords
valve member
housing
ram
tubular valve
boring
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Expired - Lifetime
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US492753A
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English (en)
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Paul Schmidt
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Tracto Technik GmbH and Co KG
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Tracto Technik GmbH and Co KG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
    • E21B4/145—Fluid operated hammers of the self propelled-type, e.g. with a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT ln a self-propelled pneumatically operated percussive boring ram of the kind comprising a chisel mounted at the boring end of a hollow housing, a percussion piston which is reciprocal in the housing between the chisel and a back stop in the housing under the action of compressed air which, in use, is admitted through a tubular valve member which has a piston head acting in a cylindrical chamber in the percussion piston and which determines whether the percussion piston acts to drive the boring ram forwards or backwards depending on which of two operative positions the valve member occupies relative to the housing, the tubular member extends through a guide member attached to the housing and can be locked in one or other of its two operative positions during operation of the ram by stops on the valve
  • This invention relates to self-propelled, pneumatically operated, percussive boring rams of the kind comprising a chisel mounted at the boring end of a hollow housing, a percussion piston which is reciprocable in the housing between the chisel and a back stop in the housing under the action of compressed air which, in use, is admitted through a tubular valve member which has a piston head acting in a cylindrical chamber in the percussion piston and which determines whether the percussion piston acts to drive the boring ram forwards or backwards depending on which of two operative positions the valve member occupies relative to the housing.
  • the German Auslegeschrift No. 2,157,259 describes a boring ram of this general kind, intended for use as a percussion mole, impact hammer or percussion drill.
  • the known device is used mainly for making tubular holes or channels through the ground under roadways, footwalks or the like, for example before laying cables.
  • the boring ram is operating forwards it bores and advances through the ground, forcing ground materials out of the way sideways, producing a tubular hole with compacted walls.
  • the ram is driven forwards by the percussion piston being accelerated forwards by compressed air until it impacts against the chisel, which may be spring-mounted to protect the housing of the ram from the full force of the impact.
  • the resulting backwards movement of the percussion piston is accelerated in that the ports, which originally allowed compressed air to pass outwards into the atmosphere and were then closed by the piston head of the valve member during the forward stroke, in the early stages of the backward stroke allow compressed air to pass from the cylindrical chamber into the space forward of the percussion piston.
  • the pneumatic working face of the cylindrical chamber is smaller than the pneumatic working face of the percussion piston, and the compressed air therefore drives the percussion piston backwards.
  • the boring ram is suitably dimensioned it is even possible to prevent the percussion piston from striking the chisel at all, the piston simply rebounding backwards without making contact with the chisel.
  • the ports in the wall of the cylindrical chamber are closed later by the piston head of the valve member and also communicate later with the atmosphere. Consequently, the percussion piston, travelling backwards, now strikes the back-stop of the housing with full force, propelling the boring ram backwards along the tunnel it has previously bored and out of the ground.
  • the switching over between forward and reverse drive is accomplished as follows.
  • the tubular valve member is held in a forward position in the housing by a strong spring, and the ram operator must pull the valve member backwards in the housing by means of a cable, against the influence of the spring.
  • This is difficult, particularly in the operation of large boring rams, due to the strength of the spring, which has to be sufficiently great to withstand the thrust of the compressed air acting on the piston head.
  • To pull the valve member backwards into its reverse drive position the operator has to compress this spring, and the spring has to be held compressed all the time during backwards movement of the ram.
  • the spring is arranged in such a way that the compressed air would shift the valve member automatically backwards into its reverse drive position if this was not prevented.
  • the tubular valve member When the tubular valve member is in its forward drive position it is held there by a catch, and in order to switch the ram to reverse drive the operator, without interrupting the supply of compressed air, pulls on a cable to release the catch and allow the valve member to shift backwards into its reverse drive position.
  • the operator In order to return the ram to forward drive the operator has to interrupt the supply of compressed air briefly, whereupon the valve member shifts forwards under the action of the spring until the catch engages again.
  • the catch is a ball catch.
  • a spring-loaded sliding sleeve to which the cable is attached, thrusts the balls radially into an annular groove, to engage the catch.
  • the arrangement has several disadvantages. In the first place the ball catch is subjected to high point loads; secondly, the presence of dirt produces a high risk of malfunction; and finally, unintentional switching over, which can be a serious matter, can easily occur for example by a fall of earth onto the cable.
  • the tubular valve member extends backwards through an impact disc which has ports for the passage of air.
  • the valve member has an external thread, and to switch over between forward drive and reverse drive the operator has to uncouple the compressed air hose and rotate the valve member, screwing it in or out with respect to the housing to change its axial position.
  • the operation is awkward and time consuming, and it is difficult to switch over a ram which is in an inaccessible position in the ground. Dirt can also cause difficulty by jamming the valve member so that it cannot be rotated.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a selfpropelled, pneumatically operated, percussive boring ram of the kind described in which the switching be tween forward and reverse drives can be done in a simpic but yet effective way without involving the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the tubular valve member extends through a guide member attached to the housing and can be locked in one or other of its two operative positions during operation of the ram by stops on the valve member and on the guide member and a releasable catch which, when engaged, prevents rotation of the valve member relative to the guide member, the stops being arranged so that, on release of the catch, the valve member can be rotated into a position in which the stops are misaligned and allow the valve member to be moved axially from one operative position to the other.
  • This arrangement provides the important advantage that the hollow valve is retained reliably in the desired operative position, during operation of the ram, by positive mechanical stops. Although rotation of the valve member in the housing into a certain position renders the mechanical stops inoperative, this kind of rotation is prevented, during operation of the ram, by the catch.
  • the operator In order to switch the ram drive direction, the operator first has to release the catch, for example by pulling on a cable, after which he can rotate the valve member relative to the housing, and the guide member. He rotates the valve member into a position in which the mechanical stops are completely misaligned and therefore inoperative, shifts the valve member axially into its other operative position, and finally rotates it until the catch engages once more.
  • the guide member is preferably axially confined, during operation of the ram, between stops on the tubular valve member.
  • the valve member could have a stop confined between two stops on the guide member, but it is desirable to construct the guide member in the simplest possible way, because it is either an integral part ofthe housing or is attached firmly to it.
  • the tubular valve member is a separate and axially movable member and consequently it is a simple matter to give it stops which engage opposite sides of the guide member.
  • the tubular valve member is arranged so that it can be locked into either of the two axially spaced operative positions, one for forward and the other for reverse operation of the ram.
  • the valve member is arranged so that it can be locked into either of the two axially spaced operative positions, one for forward and the other for reverse operation of the ram.
  • the tubular valve member has, axially spaced apart, a front stop, a back stop, and between them a middle stop, and when the valve member is locked in one or other of its two operative positions the guide member is confined between the middle stop and either the front or the back stop.
  • all the stops are on the tubular valve member, and consequently all that is necessary, in order to switch over between forward and reverse drives, is to shift the valve member axially between the limits set by its front and back stops once the valve member is correctly oriented to the guide member.
  • the middle stop may be formed by longitudinal keys which can be brought into line, by rotating the valve member, with internal longitudinal grooves in the guide member.
  • the front and back stops may be provided by collars on the tubular valve member, the collars either being integral with the member or attached to it, for example, by screws.
  • the front stop collar may be an extension of reduced diameter of the piston head. This arrangement is particularly convenient because it makes it unnecessary to manufacture a stop separately.
  • the guide member forms the back stop of the housing.
  • the guide member can be positioned anywhere near the rear end of the housing, and by using it as the back stop of the housing the entire boring ram can be made shorter or, to put the matter in a different way, the percussion piston can occupy a greater fraction of the length of the housing. This not only saves costs but also makes the boring ram more effective.
  • the guide member can take the form of a perforated ring containing one or more axially extending ports through which air can pass from one side of the ring to the other.
  • the perforated ring is clamped in the rear part of the housing against an internal shoulder by means of a screwed-in retainer.
  • the axial ports allow compressed air to escape unimpeded to atmosphere when the percussion piston is in a suitable axial position relative to the valve member, Because the guide memher is clamped in place in the housing by means of a threaded retainer it can easily be removed when maintenance or replacement is required.
  • the releasable catch comprises a radially displaceable member which acts between the guide member and the valve member, engaging in a recess in the valve member or in the guide member, to lock the two angularly together under the action of an actuator.
  • the catch can be located anywhere desired, but a particularly simple construction is obtained by positioning the parts of the catch between the guide member and the valve member. Because in this region an axially siiding and rotating part is in contact with a stationary part of the boring ram. Consequently, the releasable catch needs to move only a short distance and can be rapidly engaged and disengaged.
  • a particularly advantageous construction is obtained ifa ball is used as the radially displaceable member, the ball being housed in the guide member.
  • the ball When the boring ram is in operation, driving either forwards or backwards, the ball is held in engagement in a recess in the tubular valve member.
  • a ball catch of this kind is already known and is very simple in construction. It should be observed that a ball catch can be used safely in the ram in accordance with the invention because the valve member is not subjected, during operation of the ram, to any axial or rotary stresses. The ball catch serves merely to prevent the valve member from rotating in the housing, even in the presence of vibration.
  • the actuator is a pin which slides axially in the guide member between a locking position in which it exerts a radially inward thrust on the ball to hold it in engagement with the recess and a release position in which the ball is allowed to disengage from the recess.
  • Axial movement of the actuator pin from its locking position allows the locking ball to escape radially outwards, releasing the lock.
  • the lock can therefore be arranged to be released simply by pulling axially on the actuator pin, for example from a remote location by means of a cable.
  • the valve member can be rotated, for example by rotating the compressed air supply hose, whereupon the valve member can be shifted in position axially by a pull or push depending on which operative position it is to be moved into.
  • the actuator pin may have a tapered front end for camming the ball into the recess on moving into the locking position, and the pin is arranged to be retracted into its release position by means of a rearward extension.
  • the actuator pin is biassed towards its locking position by a spring, and the catch can be released by a pull on a cable attached to the rearward extension and projecting backwards from the boring ram. This construction allows the drive of the boring ram to be switched in a simple and convenient manner.
  • the operator merely pulls on the cable so as to release the catch, the actuator pin moving axially backwards against the influence of its spring to relax radially inward pressure on the ball, whereupon the operator can rotate the tubular valve member until he is able to shift it axially into its other operative axial position. the operator at the same time releasing the cable.
  • the valve member is then rotated and the ball, which is acted on by the tapered nose of the actuator, rolls on the surface of the valve member until it moves into the other recess in the valve member and the catch automatically engages under the action ofthe actuator spring.
  • the operator needs to pull on the cable only at the beginning of the switching operation, and the mechanism is so simple that it can be operated even under rough conditions by an operator possessing little special skill.
  • All the parts of the boring ram are designed and ar ranged to ensure that when the ram is driving forwards the percussion piston impacts with full force against an impact pin projecting backwards into the housing from the chisel, whereas when the ram is set to travel backwards the percussion piston strikes with full force the guide member fixed to the housing.
  • the full energy given to the percussion piston is therefore utilized for propelling the boring ram both forwards and backwards.
  • the chisel is preferably axially spring mounted in the housing. The energy in the percussion piston is therefore transmitted directly to the ground, rather than to the housing of the boring ram.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial axial section through the boring ram showing the parts in the positions they occupy when the ram is ready for driving forwards;
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. I, but showing the parts in position when the ram is ready for driving backwards;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a slightly modified version of the tubular valve member incorporated in the ram of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the guide member of the ram shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 5 is an axial section through the guide member taken in the plane V V in FIG. 4.
  • the boring ram 10 has a tubular housing 12 carrying in its front end an axially movable chisel 14.
  • the rear end of the chisel terminates in an impact pin 18, and the chisel has a collar 16 which is located in a chamber in the housing and which serves to retain the chisel.
  • a spring 20 acts between the housing and the collar 16 to bias the chisel backwards in the housing into a rearward position determined by the collar 16 in its chamher.
  • the front part of the chisel 14 projects forwards beyond the front end of the housing 12 and has a conical part 22 on which sits tightly a thrust-nose 24.
  • These parts are arranged so that when the chisel 14 is driven forwards in the housing by an impact applied to the impact pin 18, the entire nose part of the boring ram, comprising the impact pin 18, the collar 16, the chisel l4 and the thrust-nose 24, all move forwards together.
  • the chisel 14 itself splits stones and the like.
  • the thrust-nose 24, forces the ground or rock out sideways, forming a cylindrical hole through the ground, with compacted walls.
  • the tubular housing 12 contains an axially movable percussion piston 26 which slides backwards and forwards in the housing on guide rings 28 and 32 which are equipped with sliding pads 30 and 34 respectively at opposite ends of the percussion piston.
  • the rear guide ring 28, with its sliding pad 30, forms a seal between the percussion piston and the housing,
  • the front guide ring 32, with its sliding pads 34 has axially extending grooves allowing air to flow into and out of the forward part of the housing, in front of the forward face of the percussion piston 26.
  • the rear part of the percus sion piston has an axial bore forming a cylindrical chamber 36.
  • the wall 38 of the cylindrical chamber 36 has ports 40, approximately half way along the length of the chamber.
  • the ports 40 allow air to flow from the cylindrical chamber 36 into the annular space between the percussion piston 26 and the housing 12. In another phase of operation, the ports 40 allow air to escape from this annular space into the surrounding atmosphere, as will be described later.
  • the cylindrical chamber 36 contains a tubular valve member 42 which has an axial through-bore 44.
  • the rear end of the tubular valve member 42 projects backwards out of the housing I2 and is connected to a source of compressed air through a hose which is not shown in the drawing.
  • the front end of the tubular valve member 42 is in the form of a piston head 46 working in the cylindrical chamber 36. It should be ob served that when the boring ram is in operation, the tubular valve member 42 remains stationary with respect to the housing 12.
  • the valve member 42 can however be shifted axially in position, relative to the housing, by the operator of the boring ram, between an operative position for causing the ram to be driven forwards and a different operative position for causing the ram to be driven backwards.
  • valve member 42 In FIG. 1 the valve member 42 is in its forward-drive position.
  • the percussion piston 26, after travelling forwards, has just impacted against the pin 18 of the chisel.
  • the cylindrical chamber 36 is in communication, through the ports 40, with the annular space between the piston 26 and the housing 12 and, through the grooves in the guide ring 32, with the interior of the housing 12 forward of the front face of the piston 26.
  • the pneumatic thrust area that is to say the working area of the cylindrical chamber 36 is smaller than the total working area thrusting the percussion piston backwards, and, in the position of FIG. 1, a cushion of highly compressed air acts on the forward face of the percussion piston.
  • the percussion piston is caused to rebound backwards, whereupon the ports 40 become closed by the pison head 46.
  • the backwards thrust applied by the pressure cushion acting on the forward face of the piston 26 rapidly decreases, with the result that the percussion piston 26 is rapidly decelerated by the compressed air in the cylindrical chamber 36.
  • the ports are opened and release air from the forward annular space into the atmosphere.
  • the compressed air in the cylindrical chamber 36 becomes effective to drive the percussion piston 26 forwards again towards the impact pin 18 of the chisel 14.
  • the ports 40 open forwards of the piston head 46 and a pressure cushion builds up on the forward face of the percussion piston shortly before it strikes the impact pin 18. The percussion piston then rebounds as already described.
  • the tubular valve member 42 has been shifted, by the operator of the boring ram, axially back wards into its reverse-drive position.
  • the ports 40 open earlier during the forward movement of the percussion piston 26, admitting air earlier to the space in front of the percussion piston.
  • the air cushion which is thus built up earlier, prevents it from impacting forcefully against the pin 18.
  • the percussion piston 26 bounces back rapidly under the action of the air cushion, finally impacting with considerable force against a stop which is formed by a guide member 54 which is fixed relative to the housing 12 and through which the valve member 42 extends.
  • the impact drives the boring ram backwards through the ground. If the tubular valve member 42 is positioned a little further forwards compared to what is shown in FIG. 2, the ports 40 will be closed by the piston head 46 before the percussion piston impacts against the guide member 54, and consequently the boring ram I0 will be driven backwards progressively, the percussion piston 26 travelling forwards again after each impact with the guide member 54.
  • the tubular valve member 42 has a front collar 48 in the form of a backwards extension of reduced diameter of the piston head 46.
  • the valve member 42 also has a back collar 50 which can, for example, be screwed to the valve member.
  • the keys 52 terminate at their forward ends a certain distance short of the rear face of the front collar 48, this distance being equal to the axial length of the guide member 54.
  • the guide member 54 is a ring having a series of spaced axially extending ports 56 which allow compressed air to flow outwards from the interior of the boring ram out into the atmosphere via the rear end of the ram.
  • the guide member 54 is retained in place by a screwed-in retainer 58 which thrusts the guide member against an internal shoulder in the housing, the guide member 54 being clamped firmly in place so that it cannot rotate relative to the housing.
  • the guide member 54 has, as shown in FIG. 4, not only a central hole for the tubular valve member 42, but also key guides 60 for allowing the keys 52 to pass through. Starting, for example, from the position shown in FIG. 1, the operator can rotate the valve member 42 until the keys 52 are aligned with the key guides 60, whereupon he can shift the valve member 42 backwards, the keys sliding through the key guides 60 until the front stop 48 engages the guide member 54.
  • valve member 42 As soon as the operator has rotated the valve member 42 far enough to allow the keys S2 to enter the key guides 60 he can pull the valve member 42 backwards from its forward-drive position into its reverse-drive position. The operator then rotates the valve member 42 until the ball 62 engages in a second recess 70 in the hollow valve 42, the ball being driven into the recess by the tapering head of the spring-loaded actuator pin 64. The operator is able to retract the actuator pin 64 by means of an extension 66 of the pin, to which a cable is attached. The extension 66, or its attached cable, projects backwards out of the boring ram, for remote operation.
  • the front collar 48' is spaced axially away from the piston head 46' instead of being an extension of the piston head.
  • Both the front collar 48 and the back collar 50' are annular and are fixed to the valve member or are formed integrally with it.
  • a self-propelled, pneumatically operated, percussive boring ram of the kind comprising a hollow housing, a chisel mounted at the boring end of said hollow housing, a percussion piston reciprocably mounted in said hollow housing, a back stop in said housing for limiting rearward movement of said percussion piston in said housing, said chisel forming a front stop for limiting forward movement of said percussion piston in said housing, means defining a cylindrical chamber in said percussion piston, a tubular valve member having a piston head and located in said housing with said piston head received in said cylindrical chamber, said tubular valve member being adapted to admit compressed air into said cylindrical chamber for reciprocating said percussion piston and thereby driving said bor ing ram, and means whereby said tubular valve member can be adjusted between two operative axial positions relative to said housing to determine whether said percussion piston acts to drive said boring ram forwards or backwards, the improvement wherein said boring ram includes a guide member attached in said housing and said tubular valve member extends through said
  • a boring ram as claimed in claim I wherein said stops on said guide member are confined axially be tween said stops on said tubular valve member when said valve member is in either of said two operative positions and said catch is engaged.
  • a boring ram as claimed in claim I wherein said releasable catch comprises a radially displaceable member mounted for action between said guide member and said tubular valve member, and an actuator for co-operation with said radially displaceable member to lock said guide member and said tubular valve member angularly together.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
US492753A 1973-08-11 1974-07-29 Control arrangement for the forward and backward movement of percussive boring rams Expired - Lifetime US3891036A (en)

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DE2340751 1973-08-11

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JP (1) JPS5519357B2 (enExample)
DE (1) DE2340751C2 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2240321B2 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1438734A (enExample)

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EP0372225A3 (de) * 1988-12-05 1992-05-27 Schmidt, Paul, Dipl.-Ing. Rammbohrgerät
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US20100059277A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2010-03-11 R D Sankey Engineering Limited A reversible, percussive, ram-boring machine
US20130133913A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2013-05-30 Hadar Magali Force-Barrier
US20150102084A1 (en) * 2013-10-11 2015-04-16 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Powered nailer with positive piston return
US20150273676A1 (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-10-01 Michael B. Spektor Optimized pneumatic hammer
US9216502B2 (en) 2008-04-03 2015-12-22 Black & Decker Inc. Multi-stranded return spring for fastening tool
US9346158B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2016-05-24 Black & Decker Inc. Magnetic profile lifter
US9399281B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2016-07-26 Black & Decker Inc. Stall release lever for fastening tool
US20160303725A1 (en) * 2013-11-26 2016-10-20 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Pyrotechnic driving device
US10875165B2 (en) 2017-08-02 2020-12-29 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fastener-driving tool with one or more combustion chambers and an exhaust gas recirculation system
US11918268B2 (en) * 2020-10-09 2024-03-05 Additive Instruments Limited Impactor
US12179327B2 (en) 2020-12-16 2024-12-31 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fastener driving device
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JPS619864A (ja) * 1984-06-25 1986-01-17 Canon Inc カセツト式磁気テ−プ装置
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US8534527B2 (en) * 2008-04-03 2013-09-17 Black & Decker Inc. Cordless framing nailer
US8939342B2 (en) 2008-04-03 2015-01-27 Black & Decker Inc. Cordless framing nailer
US9216502B2 (en) 2008-04-03 2015-12-22 Black & Decker Inc. Multi-stranded return spring for fastening tool
US20130133913A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2013-05-30 Hadar Magali Force-Barrier
US9346158B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2016-05-24 Black & Decker Inc. Magnetic profile lifter
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US10888983B2 (en) 2013-10-11 2021-01-12 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Powered nailer with positive piston return
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US10040183B2 (en) * 2013-10-11 2018-08-07 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Powered nailer with positive piston return
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US10875165B2 (en) 2017-08-02 2020-12-29 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fastener-driving tool with one or more combustion chambers and an exhaust gas recirculation system
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US12005553B2 (en) 2017-08-02 2024-06-11 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fastener-driving tool with one or more combustion chambers and an exhaust gas recirculation system
US11918268B2 (en) * 2020-10-09 2024-03-05 Additive Instruments Limited Impactor
US12179327B2 (en) 2020-12-16 2024-12-31 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fastener driving device
US12459097B2 (en) 2020-12-16 2025-11-04 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fastener driving device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1438734A (en) 1976-06-09
FR2240321B2 (enExample) 1979-08-10
DE2340751B1 (de) 1974-02-28
DE2340751C2 (de) 1974-09-26
JPS5044608A (enExample) 1975-04-22
FR2240321A2 (enExample) 1975-03-07
JPS5519357B2 (enExample) 1980-05-26

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