US3884108A - Production of ensemble in a computor organ - Google Patents

Production of ensemble in a computor organ Download PDF

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Publication number
US3884108A
US3884108A US432684A US43268474A US3884108A US 3884108 A US3884108 A US 3884108A US 432684 A US432684 A US 432684A US 43268474 A US43268474 A US 43268474A US 3884108 A US3884108 A US 3884108A
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adder
interval
nqr
value
kappa
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English (en)
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Ralph Deutsch
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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
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Priority to US432684A priority Critical patent/US3884108A/en
Priority to GB291/75A priority patent/GB1481476A/en
Priority to JP551675A priority patent/JPS5344813B2/ja
Priority to NL7500304A priority patent/NL7500304A/xx
Priority to DE2500720A priority patent/DE2500720C3/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/06—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour
    • G10H1/08—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour by combining tones
    • G10H1/10—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour by combining tones for obtaining chorus, celeste or ensemble effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs
    • G10H7/08—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform
    • G10H7/10—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform using coefficients or parameters stored in a memory, e.g. Fourier coefficients
    • G10H7/105—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform using coefficients or parameters stored in a memory, e.g. Fourier coefficients using Fourier coefficients
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S84/00—Music
    • Y10S84/04—Chorus; ensemble; celeste

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the production of ensemble in a computor organ.
  • An object of the present invention is to implement ensemble in a computer organ.
  • the system add-on is inexpensive and readily facilitates doubling, trio or quartet ensemble effects.
  • the resultant musical sounds will have an ensemble effect characterized by the presence of beats between two notes separated in frequency by the amount (1R (Eq. 21
  • the resultant musical notes produced by the computor organ will have a harmonic spectrum typified by that of FIG. 1.
  • the solid lines represent the Fourier components F r f at the nominally correct pitch.
  • the broken lines designate the Fourier components F f' of the out-of-tune note, these being offset in frequency by an amount nqR/ from the corresponding true-pitch component but equal in amplitude thereto.
  • the amplitude of the waveshape constituted by the two sets of components of FIG. 1 is represented by:
  • Equation 1 readily is implemented in a computor organ since only one multiplication by C, is required to evaluate each combined Fourier component, and only a single summation is needed to establish each sample point amplitude X,,(qR).
  • the waveshape amplitude contributions of the true and offset components are not separately evaluated and summed, as would be the case if Equation 3 were implemented. Accordingly, rather than requiring complete duplication of substantially the entire computor organ, including duplicate harmonic amplitude multipliers and accumulators, ensemble is obtained by the provision of straightforward circuitry for obtaining another sin value.
  • each combined Fourier component is calculated by dividing the quantity nqR by the constant adding nqR to the quotient, and obtaining the value simr/W(nqR+(nqRba) from a memory table of sinusoid values. Concurrently the value sin(1r/W)nqR is separately evaluated. The two sin values are added together, and the sum is multiplied by the associated harmonic coefficient C The resultant combined Fourier component amplitudes are summed in an accumulator to obtain the waveshape sample point amplitude.
  • the system may be replicated to obtain trio or quartet ensemble.
  • K 2'" where m is an integer. Accordingly, in a binary implementation, division may be accomplished by right-shifting the quantity nqR (or alternatively, qR) in a shift register.
  • 3 amount of frequency offset Af is a matter of desig choice, but typically is between about 6 and I2 cents, where a cent is one-hundredth of a semitone (i.e.. there are 1,200 cents per octave).
  • This constant-cents offset provides a greater deviation for high-pitched notes and a lesser deviation for low notes, resulting in a pleasing ensemble effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a harmonic spectrum typical of an ensemble effect.
  • FIG. 2 is an electrical block diagram of a computor organ configured to produce an ensemble effect.
  • FIG. 3 is an electrical block diagram of an alternative implementation of ensemble in a computor organ.
  • the computor organ of FIG. 2 produces via a sound system 11 musical notes having an ensemble quality.
  • the instrument 10 computes the amplitudes at successive sample points of a waveshape characteristic of ensemble. The computations are performed in accordance with Equation 1.
  • the combined Fourier components are summed algebraically in an accumulator 13 which, at the end of each computation time interval 2,, contains the amplitude at the current sample point.
  • This amplitude is provided via a gate 14, enabled by the t, signal on a line 15, to a digital-toanalog converter 16 which supplies to the sound system 11 a voltage corresponding to the waveshape amplitude just computed.
  • the analog voltage supplied from the converter 16 comprises a musical waveshape generated in real time and having ensemble characteristics.
  • the period of the computed waveshape, and hence the fundamental frequency of the generated note, is established by a frequency number R selected by the keyboard switches 12.
  • a set of such frequency numbers corresponding to the notes of the instrument is stored in a frequency number memory 17.
  • the frequency number R associated with a selected note is supplied via a gate 18 and added to the previous contents of a note interval adder 19.
  • the contents of the adder l9, supplied via a line 20 represents the value (qR) designating the waveshape sample point currently being evaluated.
  • System timing is established by a clock 22 and a counter 23 of modulo 16.
  • the clock 22 provides 16 timing pulses I to the counter 23.
  • the counter 23 in turn provides consecutive timing pulses t,.,,, through t which enable calculation of the corresponding l6 combined Fourier components.
  • the t signal on the line 15 is derived from the t signal slightly delayed in a delay unit 24.
  • Each of the calculation timing pulses r through r is supplied via an OR gate 25 to a gate 26.
  • This gate 26 provides the value qR to a harmonic interval adder 27 whichis cleared at the end of each amplitude computation interval t
  • the contents of the harmonic interval adder 27 is incremented by the value (qR) at each calculation interval 2 through 1 so that the contents of the adder 27 represent the quantity (nqR). This value is available on a line 28.
  • An address decoder 30 accesses from a sinusoid table 31 the value sin(1r/W)nqR corresponding to the argument nqR received via the line 28.
  • the sinusoid table 31 may comprise a read only memory storing values of sin(1r/W) for 0 s d) s W/2 at intervals of D, where D is called the resolutionconstant of the memory.
  • the value sin(1r/W)qR will be supplied on a line 31 from the sinusoid table 31 during the first calculation interval r During the next interval r the value sin(1r/W)2qR will be present on the line 31'.
  • the value sin(1r/W)ngR will be provided from the sinusoid table 31 for the particular if" order component specified by the timing interval output from the counter 23.
  • the value sin(1r/W)(nqR+(nqR/K) is evaluated in the following manner.
  • the quantity (nqR) present on the line 28 and supplied via a switch 29 and a contact 29a is divided by the constant in a divider circuit 32.
  • the quotient is summed with the value (nqR) in an adder 33 to provide on a line 34 the argument (nqR+(nqR/
  • a separate memory address decoder 35 and sinusoid table 36 (similar to the decoder 30 and the table 31) are used to supply on a line 37 the value sin(1r/W)(nqR +(nqRA3) corresponding to the argument provided on the line 34.
  • the sin values present on the line 31' and 37 are summed in an adder 38 and the sum is supplied via a line 39 to a harmonic amplitude multiplier 40. There, the sum of the sin values is multiplied by theappropriate coefficient C supplied from a harmonic coefficient memory 41.
  • the product, supplied via a line 42 to the accumulator 13, corresponds to the combined Fourier component F of the order n currently being evaluated.
  • the accumulator 13 thus will contain the waveshape sample point amplitude x,,(qR) for the sample point currently being evaluated.
  • the sample point amplitudes obtained in the accumulator 13 are converted to an analog signal by the converter 16 and reproduced by the sound system 11 to provide musical notes having an ensemble effect.
  • the frequency separation between the true pitch and out-of-tune" notes is established by the constant
  • the value is a design choice, but in a binary system the constant advantageously is an integral power of 2.
  • the divider 32 may comprise a shift register which right-shifts the quantity nqR by m digits. Since a right shift of one bit position is equivalent to division by 2, a shift of in positions is equivalent to division by 2'".
  • commercially available integrated circuit, parallel-in, parallel-out shift registers such as the Texas Instrument Co. type 7495 may be employed as the divider 32.
  • the invention is not limited to binary systems, thus the value need not be a power of 2, and need not be abinary or decimal integer.
  • the constant K may be positive or negative. In the latter instance, the out-oftune Fourier components will be lower in frequency (i.e., flat) with respect to the true pitch components.
  • the value K may be preset into the divider 32, or alternatively may be selected by the musician to adjust the ensemble frequency offset to a desired value.
  • the constant K need not be the same value for all notes produced by the instrument 10.
  • different values of may be used for each note or sets of notes.
  • individual values of K may be stored in a memory 43 which is accessed in response to keyboard note selection when a switch 43' is closed.
  • the value K corresponding to the selected note is accessed from the memory 43 and provided to the divider 32 for utilization during ensemble production.
  • the memory 43 may be implemented using an integrated circuit programmable read only memory such as the Signetics SIG 8223 or the Texas Instruments type SN5488A.
  • the value may be time variant.
  • a low frequency oscillator 44 connected to the divider 32 via a switch 44 may be used to vary the value at a periodic or non-periodic rate, resulting in a concomitant time-varying ensemble frequency offset.
  • the harmonic coefficient memory 41 advantageously comprises a read only memory containing values C appropriate to produce a note of desired tonal quality.
  • table I sets forth typical harmonic coefficient values for obtaining a diapason tone.
  • the value C corresponding to the n Fourier component currently being evaluated is accessed from the memory 41 by a memory address control unit 45 which receives the calculation interval timing pulses r through t from the counter 23.
  • the control unit 45 causes the harmonic coefficient C to be accessed from the memory 41 and supplied to the multiplier 40.
  • the harmonic coefficient memory 41 and address control 45 together may be implemented using a single integrated circuit read only memory such as the Signetics type 8223. Such a unit accepts a binary coded addressing signal.
  • the counter 23 may comprise a Signetics type 8281 l6-state binary counter, the binary output of which may be supplied directly to the address control input of the type 8223 memory.
  • a Signetics type 8250 binary-to-octal decoder may be used in conjunction with the type 8281 counter to provide the separate t through t signal lines shown in FIG. 2.
  • the type 8223 memory may be programmed to store the harmonic coefficients listed in table I above, or other values of C appropriate to produce other tones.
  • the frequency number memory 17 likewise may be implemented using a conventional integrated circuit read only memory such as the Signetics type 8223.
  • the following table II shows typical values for the frequency number R for the notes between C and C
  • the note interval adder 19, the harmonic interval adder 27 and the accumulator 13 may be implemented using conventional integrated circuit full adders such as the Signetics type 8268 or the Texas Instrument Co. type SN5483 or SN7483. These may be connected as shown in the section entitled Accumulators of the textbook Computer Logic by Ivan Flores, Prentice- Hall, 1960, to accumulate the sum.
  • Each sinusoid table 31, 36 and memory address decoder 30, 35 may comprise a conventional integrated circuit read only memory, such as the Texas Instrument Co. type TMS4400 programmed to store sin values.
  • a useful integrated circuit having prestored sinusoid table and addressing circuitry also is available from the Texas Instrument Co. as a type TMS4405 device.
  • a single sinusoid table could be time-shared in place of separate tables 31 and 36.
  • the harmonic amplitude multiplier 40 may be implemented as shown in the application sheet on page that the Contents of the adder 56 represents the quan- 28 of the Signetics catalog entitled Digital 8000 tity n(qR/K) for the n" order component currently Series TTL/MSI, copyright 1971, using Signetics being evaluated. This value is supplied via a line 57 to SIG 8202 buffer registers and 8260 arithmetic elea memory address decoder 58 and a sinusoid table 59 ment.
  • the multiplier 40 also could be implemented identical in function and operation to the decoder 35 sing a Signetics 8243 sealer. and sinusoid table 36 of FIG. 2.
  • the obtained value sin(1r/W)n(qR+(qR/K)) is supplied via a line 60 to the A trio ensemble effect can be achieved by the adder 38 Where it is su ed With the value computer organ using the optional circuitry shown sin( pr sent n the ine 32.
  • the sum is supin FIG. 2 and actuated when the switch 29 is set to en- 10 plied ia the line 3 to the harmonic amplitude multigage the contact 2912.
  • Trio ensemble is produced in a plier 40 (FIG. 2).
  • the remaining circuitry of the instrupipe organ by simultaneously sounding three pipes ment 10A is identical to that of FIG. 2, and operates which are frequency offset with respect to each other. correspondingly to provide musical sounds having an The effect is synthesized in the instrument 10 by imple- H ensemble quality.
  • F gffset represents the Fourier components tures shown or described, the applicant claims: associated with a third tone. These components are off- 30 1.
  • the Set q lf by'ah amount "q from thfi COITe" amplitudes of a waveshape are computed at regular Spohdlhg h' 'p hp time intervals from stored harmonic coefficients, e he of Equation Shows that h Same musical notes being produced from said computed amaSEelh'?ltlon 1 except for addmoh of the thud 51h termplitudes as said computations are carried 'out in real
  • This value sin(n-/W)(nqR+(nqR/K)) is evaluated by the components designated 46 through 49 in FIG.
  • nqR the value (nqR) from the line 28 is divided by the constant K in a divider circuit 46 which may be lmplmerited m hi g as theglvder 83 time interval t each combined Fourier compoquonent ls Summe Wlt 6 Va ue y at ⁇ 3 er v 4O nent being thesum of a first constituent Fourier 47.
  • a memory address decoder 48 and a sinusoid table component at the nominal true-pitch of the se- 49 are used to obtain the value sin(7T/W)(-n R+(n R for lected note and a second constituent Fourier comq q ponent offset in frequency from the corresponding the argument provided by the adder 47.
  • This sin value h f t F h is supplied via the line 50 to the adder 38 where it is true'pltc Us Constituent curler componentt e time, the improvement for producing an ensemble effect comprising:
  • first means for evaluating a set of combined Fourier components during subintervals within each summed with the other sin terms, present on the lines first and 9 Constituent Fourier COmPQIeMS of 32 and 37, associated with the true-pitch and first offset Crr eSpndmg 9 havmg an efiual amphwde components of corresponding order.
  • the sum of the tabhshed by Sald Stored harmome components" three sin values then is multiplied by the coefficient C an aeehmulatoh Connected to reeelve Sald eomblhed in the multiplier 40 and added to the previous contents Fowler eempohehts from e first e i for of the accumulator 13.
  • the accumulator 13 will contain the wavehems evaluated during each interval 1 to Obtain a shape amplitude for the current sample point, evalu waveshape amplitude for a certain sample point, ated in accordance with equation 5.
  • the accumulator 5 tel'val I o enting he effective sample 13 they are converted to analog form and reproduced point (qR) for which said resultant waveshape'amby the sound system 11 to produce musical notes havplitude is established and for supplying the effecing a trio ensemble effect.
  • the comand puter organ 10A also produces ensemble sounds in ac- 6O 'meahs, Connected to recelve waveshape hcordance with equation I.
  • the amplis from Sald accumuiatoh for cohvertmg Sald value (qR) on the line 20 is divided by the constant resultaht waveshape amplitudes to Sounds, Said in a divider 53.
  • the quotient is summed with the value Converting being Carried out, in real time as Said R) i an dd 54 to Obtain the Sum (qR+(qR/K))' At waveshape amplitudes are computed, the sounds so each calculation interval r through this sum is 65 Produced exhibiting an ensemble effectp id d i a gate 55 to a h i interval adder 5 2.
  • a musical instrument according to claim I wherein like the adder 27.
  • the harmonic interval adder 56 is Said Sample Point ns sta es a sample point cleared at the end of each computation interval t so Value I
  • q is an Integer nt d a t rval t and R is a constant frequency number establishing the nominal fundamental frequency of the proucked note, and wherein said first means comprises;
  • trigonometric function circuitry utilizing the sample point value qR, for evaluating a pair of like trigonometric functions the arguments of which correspond respectively to the sample point nqR of the true pitch first constituent Fourier component and to the sample point (nqR+(nqR/K)) of the second constituent Fourier component, where n designates the order of each combined Fourier component, and is a constant establishing the extent of frequency offset of said second constituent Fourier component, I i an adder, receiving the evaluated trigonometric function from said circuitry, for summing said pair of trigonometric functions for each order n, and a multiplier connected to said adder and receiving said stored harmonic components, for multiplying each trigonometric function sum from said adder by the harmonic coefficient for the corresponding order n, the product being the combined Fourier component value which is supplied to said accumulator.
  • first means for computing at regular time intervals 1 the amplitudes X (qR) of a waveshape, where q is an integer incremented each time interval t,, in accordance with the relationship wherein n l ,2, 3, Wdesignates the order of the Fourier components included in each waveshape amplitude computation, wherein C is a coefficient establishing the relative amplitude of the corresponding n'" component, wherein R is a number specifying the period of said waveshape, and wherein is a constant establishing the ensemble frequency offset, and
  • first means responsive to said first means for providing ensemble tones from said computed amplitudes, and wherein said first means comprises;
  • At least one sinusoid table comprising a memory storing values of sin(1r/W) qS for (1) s W/2 at intervals of D where D is a resolution constant,
  • a frequency number memory containing values of R associated with selectable musical notes and note selection circuitry for accessing from said frequency number memory the value R for each selected note
  • said first and second evaluation circuitry concurrently providing to said adder the respective values sin(.1r/ W)nqR and Sil'l(7T/W(nqR+(i16[R/K)) for the same order n.
  • said respective sin values being summed by said adder, a harmonic amplitude multiplier connected to receive from said coefficient memory the harmonic coefficient C, corresponding to said same order n of the sin values summed by said adder, and operative to multiply the sin value sum from said adder by said received coefficient c,, and
  • a musical instrument according to claim 3 having first and second like sinusoid tables, said first and second evaluation circuitry respectively utilizing said first and second sinusoid tables.
  • said first means further comprises;
  • first gate circuitry connected to said frequency number memory and to said note interval adder for supplying to said note interval adder at each interval t, the value R accessed from said frequency number memory, so that the contents of said note interval adder represents the quantity (qR), and wherein said first and second evaluation circuitry are connected to receive said quantity (qR) from said note interval adder.
  • said first evaluation circuitry comprises;
  • a first harmonic interval accumulating adder cleared at the end of each interval t second gate circuitry for supplying to said first harmonic interval adder the quantity (qR) from said note interval adder during successive subintervals of each interval t so that the contents of said first harmonic interval adder successively represent the quantity (nqR) for different values of n, and
  • first circuitry utilizing one of said sinusoid tables to obtain the values sin('rr/W)nqR for each argument (nqR) supplied from said first harmonic interval adder.
  • said second evaluation circuitry comprises;
  • a divider connected to receive the contents (nqR) of said first harmonic interval adder and to divide said value (naR) by said constant K,
  • a musical instrument according to claim 7 for providing trio ensemble further comprising;
  • a second divider connected to receive the contents (nqR) of said first harmonic interval adder and to divide said value (nqR) by a constant K different from K,
  • a musical instrument 2"" Where m is an integer, and wherein said divider comprises a binary shift register which accepts said value (nqR) in binary and to right shift said value by m binary positions to perform said division by K.
  • said second evaluation circuitry comprises;
  • a divider connected to receive the contents (qR) of said note interval adder and to divide said value (qR) by said constant K,
  • an adder for summing the outputs of said divider and said note interval adder to obtain the value (q 'q /K)- a second harmonic interval adder cleared at the end of each interval t second gating circuitry for providing said obtained value (qR+(qRK)) to said second harmonic interval adder during successive subintervals of said interval t so that the contents of said second harmonic interval adder successively represent the arguments n(qR+(qR/K)) for different values of n, and

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US432684A 1974-01-11 1974-01-11 Production of ensemble in a computor organ Expired - Lifetime US3884108A (en)

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US432684A US3884108A (en) 1974-01-11 1974-01-11 Production of ensemble in a computor organ
GB291/75A GB1481476A (en) 1974-01-11 1975-01-02 Production of ensemble in a computer organ
JP551675A JPS5344813B2 (tr) 1974-01-11 1975-01-10
NL7500304A NL7500304A (nl) 1974-01-11 1975-01-10 Elektronisch orgel.
DE2500720A DE2500720C3 (de) 1974-01-11 1975-01-10 Elektronisches Musikinstrument

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Cited By (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978755A (en) * 1974-04-23 1976-09-07 Allen Organ Company Frequency separator for digital musical instrument chorus effect
US4112803A (en) * 1975-12-29 1978-09-12 Deutsch Research Laboratories, Ltd. Ensemble and anharmonic generation in a polyphonic tone synthesizer
US4116103A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-09-26 Deutsch Research Laboratories, Ltd. Pulse width modulation in a digital tone synthesizer
US4135427A (en) * 1976-04-12 1979-01-23 Deutsch Research Laboratories, Ltd. Electronic musical instrument ring modulator employing multiplication of signals
US4205580A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-06-03 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co. Ltd. Ensemble effect in an electronic musical instrument
US4231277A (en) * 1978-10-30 1980-11-04 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for forming musical tones
US4270431A (en) * 1978-01-13 1981-06-02 Kimball International, Inc. Glide circuit for electronic musical instrument
US4353279A (en) * 1981-02-02 1982-10-12 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Apparatus for producing ensemble tone in an electric musical instrument
US4429606A (en) 1981-06-30 1984-02-07 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument providing automatic ensemble performance
US4716805A (en) * 1986-09-08 1988-01-05 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Ensemble effect for a musical tone generator using stored waveforms
US5936182A (en) * 1997-06-25 1999-08-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho Musical tone synthesizer for reproducing a plural series of overtones having different inharmonicities
US20060201312A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2006-09-14 Carlo Zinato Method and electronic device used to synthesise the sound of church organ flue pipes by taking advantage of the physical modelling technique of acoustic instruments

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2818083C2 (de) * 1978-04-25 1985-10-31 National Research Development Corp., London Digitaler Musik-Tongenerator
JPS6211893A (ja) * 1985-08-10 1987-01-20 ヤマハ株式会社 電子楽器
JPH01144152U (tr) * 1988-03-10 1989-10-03

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US3681531A (en) * 1970-09-04 1972-08-01 Industrial Research Prod Inc Digital delay system for audio signal processing
US3809786A (en) * 1972-02-14 1974-05-07 Deutsch Res Lab Computor organ
US3831015A (en) * 1972-06-08 1974-08-20 Intel Corp System for generating a multiplicity of frequencies from a single reference frequency
US3809788A (en) * 1972-10-17 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Computor organ using parallel processing
US3809789A (en) * 1972-12-13 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Computor organ using harmonic limiting
US3809792A (en) * 1973-01-05 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Production of celeste in a computor organ
US3809790A (en) * 1973-01-31 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Implementation of combined footage stops in a computor organ
US3809876A (en) * 1973-08-31 1974-05-07 Us Navy Apparatus for the generation of bessel function signals

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978755A (en) * 1974-04-23 1976-09-07 Allen Organ Company Frequency separator for digital musical instrument chorus effect
US4112803A (en) * 1975-12-29 1978-09-12 Deutsch Research Laboratories, Ltd. Ensemble and anharmonic generation in a polyphonic tone synthesizer
US4135427A (en) * 1976-04-12 1979-01-23 Deutsch Research Laboratories, Ltd. Electronic musical instrument ring modulator employing multiplication of signals
US4116103A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-09-26 Deutsch Research Laboratories, Ltd. Pulse width modulation in a digital tone synthesizer
US4270431A (en) * 1978-01-13 1981-06-02 Kimball International, Inc. Glide circuit for electronic musical instrument
US4205580A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-06-03 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co. Ltd. Ensemble effect in an electronic musical instrument
US4231277A (en) * 1978-10-30 1980-11-04 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for forming musical tones
US4353279A (en) * 1981-02-02 1982-10-12 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Apparatus for producing ensemble tone in an electric musical instrument
US4429606A (en) 1981-06-30 1984-02-07 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument providing automatic ensemble performance
US4716805A (en) * 1986-09-08 1988-01-05 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Ensemble effect for a musical tone generator using stored waveforms
US5936182A (en) * 1997-06-25 1999-08-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho Musical tone synthesizer for reproducing a plural series of overtones having different inharmonicities
US20060201312A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2006-09-14 Carlo Zinato Method and electronic device used to synthesise the sound of church organ flue pipes by taking advantage of the physical modelling technique of acoustic instruments
US7442869B2 (en) * 2003-03-28 2008-10-28 Viscount International S.P.A. Method and electronic device used to synthesise the sound of church organ flue pipes by taking advantage of the physical modeling technique of acoustic instruments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7500304A (nl) 1975-07-15
DE2500720B2 (de) 1980-04-17
JPS50103320A (tr) 1975-08-15
DE2500720C3 (de) 1980-12-18
JPS5344813B2 (tr) 1978-12-01
GB1481476A (en) 1977-07-27
DE2500720A1 (de) 1975-07-17

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