US3882826A - Flue gas distributor and radiator for uniform heat transfer - Google Patents

Flue gas distributor and radiator for uniform heat transfer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3882826A
US3882826A US499113A US49911374A US3882826A US 3882826 A US3882826 A US 3882826A US 499113 A US499113 A US 499113A US 49911374 A US49911374 A US 49911374A US 3882826 A US3882826 A US 3882826A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ducts
radiant
chamber
tubes
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US499113A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
George F Feldner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CB&I Technology Inc
Original Assignee
Lummus Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US499113A priority Critical patent/US3882826A/en
Application filed by Lummus Co filed Critical Lummus Co
Publication of US3882826A publication Critical patent/US3882826A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to DE19757515596U priority patent/DE7515596U/de
Priority to DE2521683A priority patent/DE2521683C2/de
Priority to GB20751/75A priority patent/GB1500604A/en
Priority to BR4049/75A priority patent/BR7503163A/pt
Priority to CA227,453A priority patent/CA1018416A/en
Priority to NL7506042A priority patent/NL7506042A/xx
Priority to JP50061431A priority patent/JPS5926846B2/ja
Priority to FR7515929A priority patent/FR2272342B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0263—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by varying the geometry or cross-section of header box
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus
    • C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/40—Arrangements of partition walls in flues of steam boilers, e.g. built-up from baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0027—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • F24H1/0045—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel with catalytic combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/08—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes
    • F24H3/087—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes using fluid fuel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improvement in tubular fluid heaters in which a fluid (which may be a liquid or a gas) is heated by being passed through tubes in a radiant heating section.
  • a fluid which may be a liquid or a gas
  • the tubes are empty, while in other types they contain catalysts or other particulate material.
  • the nature of the fluid may or may not be changed; that is, the heater may be used for carrying out chemical conversions, or it may be used for vaporizing a liquid or simply for raising the temperature of a liquid or a gas.
  • One configuration of such a heater is that shown generally in FIG. 1, in which the tubes are vertically disposed in one or more rows within the heater, and the radiant chamber is generally square or rectangular in cross section.
  • the radiant heat is supplied by one or more burners located either in the floor of the chamber or in the side walls, or both, and which are either utilized to heat the tubes directly, or indirectly by projecting flames onto the surrounding or adjacent wall or floor portions, which are formed of refractory materials. In the latter case, the heat reflected from said walls or floor is then transmitted to the tubes and to the fluid flowing therethrough.
  • the heat distribution be as uniform as possible throughout all portions of the radiant heating section. This has been found to be significant in these operations as the tube metal temperature is thus kept substantially constant at all points along the tube surface, and in preferred embodiments, the tube metal is maintained at essentially its maximum tolerable temperature from the inlet end to its outlet end. Operation of this type results in obtaining optimal heat transfer to the fluid flowing through the tubes and in the case of pyrolysis or steam reforming has been found to result in optimal yields and conversions.
  • an apparatus for indirect heating of fluids having a radiant chamber defined by a floor, a roof, side walls and end walls, and a convection chamber connected to the upper portion of the radiant chamber and laterally offset therefrom the radiant chamber containing at least one row of tubes for passing fluid to be heated therethrough, and means for providing radiant heat to the tubes and the fluid passing therethrough, the improvement comprising a plurality of horizontally disposed elongated ducts, located in the upper portion of the radiant chamber, disposed parallel to the row of tubes, and extending substantially across the radiant heating chamber, means for admitting combustion gases from the radiant chamber into the ducts, and means for transmitting said combustion gases from the ducts to the convection chamber.
  • FIG. 1 represents a cross-sectional view of one type of heater in which the invention may be utilized, and which is particularly suitable for carrying out a process for steam reforming of hydrocarbons;
  • FIG. 2 represents a cross-sectional view of the heater of FIG. 1 taken along the line AA;
  • FIGS. 3 6 represent cross-sectional views of different types of ducts which may be utilized according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 represents a detail of the invention wherein the ducts are constructed of several sections and flue gases are admitted into the ducts through the expansion joints between the sections;
  • FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the invention in which flue gases are admitted to the ducts through openings or slots in the body of the ducts;
  • FIG. 9 represents one means of attaching a duct to the roof of the radiant section and FIG. 10 represents a cross-sectional view of FIG. 9 taken along line A-A.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the invention as used in one type of heater, which has a substantially rectangular cross section and several rows of vertically arranged tubes.
  • the heater has a radiant chamber 1 formed by side walls 3 and 4, end walls 10 and 11, roof 5 and floor 2.
  • the radiant chamber has a generally rectangular cross section and a generally rectangular plan. However, either the plan or cross section or both may be generally square, and additionally, the rectangular plan may be reversed in that the side walls 3 and 4, which are shown to be longer than the end walls 10 and 11, may be shorter than these end walls.
  • the radiant chamber is connected by a generally horizontal passage 17 to a convection chamber 12, laterally offset from the radiant chamber and in which a number of convection tubes 13 may be disposed.
  • the convection chamber 12 is connected to a stack, generally shown as l4, for venting the combustion gases.
  • tubes 7A etc. are shown to be arranged in a vertical manner.
  • a fluid to be heated is passed into the tubes through manifold t5 and is withdrawn from the upper end of the tubes through outlet manifold lo.
  • the fluid could be introduced into the upper ends of the tubes through manifold lo and withdrawn through manifold 6.
  • Located in the floor 2 and/or side walls 3 and 4 of the radiant chamber are one or more burners for heating the tubes and/or walls of the chamber, and which generate combustion or flue gases. which are exhausted through the convection chamber l2 and stack M.
  • the heater shown in FlGS. l and 2 is a steam reforming treating having burners located only in the floor, and in which the fluid enters the tubes at their lower ends and flow upwardly thercthrough.
  • ducts 8A etc Located in the upper portion of the radiant chamber 1 are one or more elongated horizontally disposed ducts 8A etc, which serve to control the distribution of flue gases throughout the radiant chamber and their eventual withdrawal through the convection chamber and stack.
  • the ducts extend substantially, completely across the radiant chamber so that the flue gases may be conveyed therethrough into the convection chamber.
  • these ducts contain means for admitting flue gases into the ducts and the flue gases are then exhausted from the duct directly into the bottom of the convection chamber 52.
  • a duct is positioned between each two rows of tubes, and additionally.
  • a duct is positioned between each of the first and last rows of tubes and the adjacent walls Ill) and ll of the radiant chamber.
  • the ducts are composed with increasing diameter from one end of the duct to the other, and connected by expansion joints. In such construction, the smallest diameter section will be at the opposite end of the duct from its discharge into the convection section.
  • the ducts may be formed of identical sections having the same diameter.
  • the ducts are fabricated from a high alloy steel, such as lncoloy, lnconel, or any other suitable alloy steel, capable of withstanding temperatures of between 1800 and 22003 as may exist in the interior of the radiant chamber.
  • the ducts are fabricated from high alloy steel plate, and are most conveniently fabricated in a standard sheet metal bending operation. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FlG.
  • the duct is fabricated from sheet metal and bent into a substantially semi-circular arrangement.
  • the sheet metal can be bent at a number of locations to form a duct having a polygonal cross section as shown in FIG. 4.
  • Other suitable cross sections are triangular (FIG. 5) and square or rectangular (FIG. 6).
  • the duct is equipped with openings for admitting flue gases into the interior of the duct.
  • these openings are the expansion joints 9a ctc. themselves, through which the flue gases may be admitted into the ducts.
  • the body of the ducts may be provided with openings or slots l5, through which the flue gases may be admitted.
  • flue gases may be admitted through both the expansion joints and such openings or slots.
  • the openings decrease in size and/or number from the cm! farthest away from the convection chamber to the end discharging into the convection chamber.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show one method for suitably mounting the ducts from the roof 5 to permit for expansion.
  • the ducts are mounted by use of a bolt 20 to which is attached a spring 22 and which is bolted to a portion of the duct which is bent over and serves as a flange for bolting purposes.
  • the spring 22 provides tension to hold the duct in position. The effect of expansion on the bolt also exists with respect to the spring, but sufficient tension is still maintained.
  • Positioners 24 may be installed in the roof 5 to assist in positioning the duct away from the refractory material of the roof.
  • the ducts are preferably positioned flush against the wall 4 of the radiant chamber at the end opposite their discharge end, although they may be positioned slightly away from the wall to permit expansion.
  • the discharge ends preferably extend slightly into the horizontal passage ll7, with brickwork provided in the spaces below and between the duct discharge openings. However, the ducts may end just short of the horizontal passage l5 without substantially affecting their performance.
  • an apparatus for indirect heating of fluids having a radiant chamber and a convection chamber connected to the upper portion of the radiant chamber and laterally offset therefrom, the radiant chamber containing at least one row of tubes for passing a fluid to be heated therethrough. and means for providing radiant heat to the tubes and the fluid passing therethrough.
  • the improvement comprising a plurality of horizontally disposed elongated ducts, located in the upper portion of the radiant chamber. disposed parallel to the row of tubes and extending substantially across the radiant chamber, means for admitting combustion gases from the radiant heating means into the ducts. and means for transmitting combustion gases from the ducts to the convection chamber.
  • Apparatus according to claiml containing a plurality of parallel rows of tubes, having a duct between each row of tubes and a duct between each of the first and last rows and the adjacent wall ofthe radiant chamher.
  • each duct comprises a plurality of sections connected by expansion joints.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the section of the duct increases in cross-sectional area in the direction of flow of combustion gases therethrough.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the means for admitting combustion gases into the ducts comprises openings in the walls of the ducts.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
US499113A 1974-05-22 1974-08-21 Flue gas distributor and radiator for uniform heat transfer Expired - Lifetime US3882826A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US499113A US3882826A (en) 1974-05-22 1974-08-21 Flue gas distributor and radiator for uniform heat transfer
DE19757515596U DE7515596U (de) 1974-05-22 1975-05-15 Heizvorrichtung
DE2521683A DE2521683C2 (de) 1974-05-22 1975-05-15 Heizvorrichtung
GB20751/75A GB1500604A (en) 1974-05-22 1975-05-15 Heater
BR4049/75A BR7503163A (pt) 1974-05-22 1975-05-21 Aperfeicoamento em aparelho para aquecimento indireto de fluidos
CA227,453A CA1018416A (en) 1974-05-22 1975-05-21 Flue gas distributor and radiator for uniform heat transfer
NL7506042A NL7506042A (nl) 1974-05-22 1975-05-22 Rookgasverdeler en radiator voor gelijkvormige warmte-overdracht.
JP50061431A JPS5926846B2 (ja) 1974-05-22 1975-05-22 流体間接加熱装置
FR7515929A FR2272342B1 (de) 1974-05-22 1975-05-22

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US47232874A 1974-05-22 1974-05-22
US499113A US3882826A (en) 1974-05-22 1974-08-21 Flue gas distributor and radiator for uniform heat transfer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3882826A true US3882826A (en) 1975-05-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US499113A Expired - Lifetime US3882826A (en) 1974-05-22 1974-08-21 Flue gas distributor and radiator for uniform heat transfer

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3882826A (de)
JP (1) JPS5926846B2 (de)
BR (1) BR7503163A (de)
CA (1) CA1018416A (de)
DE (2) DE2521683C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2272342B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1500604A (de)
NL (1) NL7506042A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102353146A (zh) * 2011-09-02 2012-02-15 王凯一 卧式沸腾热管加热炉及制作方法
WO2017058744A2 (en) 2015-09-28 2017-04-06 Bde Energy Systems, Llc Furnace tunnels and assembly system
WO2017085582A1 (en) * 2015-11-17 2017-05-26 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Furnace tube radiants

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3807071C2 (de) * 1988-03-04 1997-05-22 Erk Eckrohrkessel Wasserrohrkessel mit wenigstens einer Rauchgasumlenkung
US10415820B2 (en) 2015-06-30 2019-09-17 Uop Llc Process fired heater configuration
EP3153465B1 (de) 2015-10-05 2020-01-01 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Reformer zur erzeugung von synthesegas
DE202015105493U1 (de) 2015-10-16 2015-10-26 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Reformer zur Erzeugung von Synthesegas

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2051880A (en) * 1930-11-22 1936-08-25 Universal Oil Prod Co Apparatus for heating fluids
US2211903A (en) * 1937-02-10 1940-08-20 Laurence J Mccarthy Oil cracking and polymerizing heater
US2396200A (en) * 1943-11-24 1946-03-05 Alcorn Comb Co Fluid heater
US2752897A (en) * 1953-02-03 1956-07-03 Lev A Mekler Multi-coil heater

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT177198B (de) * 1950-01-05 1954-01-11 Herpen Co Kg La Mont Kessel Verfahren zum Mischen von Gassträhnen in Brennkammern von Dampferzeugern
GB1433895A (en) * 1972-04-26 1976-04-28 Jensen F H Catalytic space heaters

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2051880A (en) * 1930-11-22 1936-08-25 Universal Oil Prod Co Apparatus for heating fluids
US2211903A (en) * 1937-02-10 1940-08-20 Laurence J Mccarthy Oil cracking and polymerizing heater
US2396200A (en) * 1943-11-24 1946-03-05 Alcorn Comb Co Fluid heater
US2752897A (en) * 1953-02-03 1956-07-03 Lev A Mekler Multi-coil heater

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102353146A (zh) * 2011-09-02 2012-02-15 王凯一 卧式沸腾热管加热炉及制作方法
WO2017058744A2 (en) 2015-09-28 2017-04-06 Bde Energy Systems, Llc Furnace tunnels and assembly system
EP3356756A4 (de) * 2015-09-28 2019-01-16 BD Energy Systems, LLC Feuertunnel und montagesystem
US10458707B2 (en) 2015-09-28 2019-10-29 Bd Energy Systems, Llc Furnace tunnels and assembly system
WO2017085582A1 (en) * 2015-11-17 2017-05-26 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Furnace tube radiants

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2272342B1 (de) 1978-12-08
DE7515596U (de) 1975-11-20
JPS5926846B2 (ja) 1984-07-02
NL7506042A (nl) 1975-11-25
BR7503163A (pt) 1976-04-27
JPS50160842A (de) 1975-12-26
GB1500604A (en) 1978-02-08
FR2272342A1 (de) 1975-12-19
CA1018416A (en) 1977-10-04
DE2521683A1 (de) 1975-12-04
DE2521683C2 (de) 1985-09-26

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