US3881826A - Photometer chamber unit - Google Patents

Photometer chamber unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US3881826A
US3881826A US426588A US42658873A US3881826A US 3881826 A US3881826 A US 3881826A US 426588 A US426588 A US 426588A US 42658873 A US42658873 A US 42658873A US 3881826 A US3881826 A US 3881826A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
liquid
tube
photometer
channel system
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Expired - Lifetime
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US426588A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leeuw Jan De
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AUTO CHEM INSTRUMENT AB
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AUTO CHEM INSTRUMENT AB
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N35/1095—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices for supplying the samples to flow-through analysers
    • G01N35/1097—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices for supplying the samples to flow-through analysers characterised by the valves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N2035/1027—General features of the devices
    • G01N2035/1048—General features of the devices using the transfer device for another function
    • G01N2035/1062—General features of the devices using the transfer device for another function for testing the liquid while it is in the transfer device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N35/1095—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices for supplying the samples to flow-through analysers

Definitions

  • a photometer chamber unit in which a liquid to be analyzed is sucked into a photometer chamber comprises a channel system with a pipette tube which is to be inserted in a liquid and at least one photometer chamber which is to be passed by light.
  • the channel system ends with a damping capillary tube which opens into a chamber, whereas means are provided for achieving a first lower pressure difference between the pressure in the chamber and the pressure on the liquid around the pipette tube for sucking liquid into the channel system and for achieving a second higher pressure difference between the pressure in the chamber and the pressure on the liquid around the pipette tube for emptying the liquid from the channel system.
  • the present invention concerns an arrangement in a chamber for the examination of fluids by means of colorimetrie, photometric or similar methods.
  • this device one or several photometer chambers are filled with a sample liquid, on which said analysis is made, whereupon the photometer chambers are emptied so that a similar test can be made on another sample liquid in a succeeding test cycle.
  • the photometer chamber is comprised in a channel system which begins with a pipette tube which is to be inserted in a liquid.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 show two embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1.
  • a liquid 1, which is to be analysed with regard to its optical properties is contained in a test tube 2.
  • a pipette tube 3 is inserted into the liquid.
  • This pipette tube is connected with a conduit 4 in a longitudinal, preferably circular body 5.
  • This body is enclosed by a preferably circular tube 6 of a transparent material such as glass, in such a way that a sealing contact is present between the body and the inner surface of the tube 6.
  • the tube 3 is coaxial with the body 5 and the conduit 4 is diverted and opens out on the mantle surface of the body 5.
  • a recess 7 is made in the mantle surface of the body 5 which extends in the axial direction.
  • the upper end of this recess 7 is connected with a first photometer chamber 8 in the body 5. This photometer chamber extends diametrically through the body 5.
  • connection between the recess 7 and the photometer chamber 8 forms the entrance opening of this photometer chamber.
  • the outlet opening thereof is connected with a second recess 9 in the mantle surface of the body 5. Also this recess extends in the axial direction and the upper end thereof is connected with a second photometer chamber 10.
  • the outlet opening of the photometer chamber 10 is connected with a third axial recess 11 in the mantle surface of the body 5, and in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 this recess is connected with an outlet conduit 12.
  • the body 5 can be provided with an arbitrary number of photometer chambers, accordingly either with only one photometer chamber or with two or several in dependence of the number of measurements which shall be made on the same sample liquid.
  • the arrangement of several photometer chambers enables photoelectric measurements with a plurality of different wavelengths of the light.
  • the outlet conduit 12 is connected with a chamber 13 which is intended for receiving rinsing liquid and the function thereof will be explained further in the following.
  • the chamber 13 is connected with a capillary tube 14 which opens out in a subpressure chamber 15.
  • the chamber 15 is by means two conduits 16 and 17 connected with a source of subpressure 18.
  • the subpressure generated in this source is variable and can be given suitable values by means of a control device 19.
  • the capillary tube 14 is thrust through a self-sealing rubber washer 20 in the lower end wall of the subpressure chamber 15. Accordingly, this chamber may be lifted away from the photometer chamber unit without influencing the subpressure in the chamber 15. This means that in an analyzing machine with a plurality of channels one and the same subpressure system may be used for all photometer chamber units.
  • a sealing contact is present between the body 5 and the transparent tube 6.
  • the sealing may be improved by means of O-rings 21, 22 which are mounted in annular grooves in the body 5 in a usual way.
  • the light which shall pass the photometer chambers 8 and 10 is supplied from lightsources not shown in the drawing by means of optical fibre bundles 23 and 24 which extend to such a distance from the tube 6 that collecting lenses 25, 26 for producing parallel light-rays to the photometer chambers 8 and 10 through the wall of the tube 6 may be inserted between the ends of the fibre bundles and the tube 6.
  • the light which leaves the photometer chambers is conveyed by further optical fibre bundles 27 and 28 to photocells or similar means not shown in the drawing.
  • the liquid is supplied to the photometer chambers 8 and 10 through axial recesses 7 and 9 in the mantle surface of the body 5.
  • the inflowing liquid will rinse the inner surface of the tube 6 in the area in front of the correspondingphotometer tube so that any impurities are removed from these parts.
  • a coating will gradually be produced in these parts.
  • the tube 6 may be turned with relation to the body 5 so that a clean and previously not used part of the tube 6 will be brought in front of the photometer chambers 8 and 10. This procedure may be repeated a number of times and furthermore, the tube 6 may be displaced in the axial direction in relation to the body 5.
  • the photometer chamber unit may accordingly function a very long time before it has to be dismounted for cleaning. Such a cleaning is simplified by the extremely simple design of the photometer chamber unit.
  • the capillary tube 14 be removably connected with the rest of the photometer chamber unit.
  • the capillary tube 14 is inserted in a socket 29, the length of which preferably is greater than the inner diameter of the: socket.
  • the socket has a conical cavity which has a larger diameter near the end of the socket 29.
  • the socket 29 is put on a correspondingly designed stud 30 at the upper part of the body 5.
  • the capillary tube 14 may accordingly be easily removed from the rest of the photometer chamber unit and a capillary tube having for instance another dimension may be put on the photometer chamber unit, whereupon the subpressure chamber 15 is again connected with the photometer chamber unit.
  • the upper part of the subpressure chamber 15 is provided with a conduit 31 which normally is closed by a cover 32.
  • a conduit 31 which normally is closed by a cover 32.
  • the predetermined first value of the subpressure in the subpressure chamber 15 is so chosen that the liquid can rise to the upper part of the capillary tube 14 but cannot squeeze out from the tube.
  • this value of the subpressure is not critical but a certain variation may be tolerated without the liquid in the capillary tube 14 sinking downwards or squeezing out.
  • As a first result of this design always the same amount of liquid 1 is sucked into the photometer chamber unit. Accordingly, it has in a simple way been assured that the amount of sample liquid always is constant.
  • the part of the sample liquid which is first sucked into the photometer chamber unit flows through the two photometer chambers 8 and 10 and into the chamber 13.
  • This first part of the liquid accordingly functions as a rinsing liquid in order to remove possible rests of liquid samples previously sucked in. Since this amount of liquid remains in the chamber 13 the amount of liquid used for rinsing purposes is always constant so that the reproducibility is increased.
  • the liquid which stays in the photometer chambers 8 and 10 and which is subjected to the analysis is accordingly very clean and is at rest during the measurement.
  • a predetermined second and higher subpressure is produced in the subpressure chamber 15.
  • This subpressure is so chosen that the liquid now may squeeze out of the capillary tube 14 into the subpressure chamber 15 from which the liquid is removed through the conduit 17. Since this conduit may be obstructed by the liquid the source of subpressure 18 is connected with the subpressure chamber 15 as mentioned above by means of a second conduit 16 which is so located and designed that it always contains only air.
  • the damping capillary tube 14 causes the liquid to be sucked out of the photometer chamber unit comparatively slowly. This brings with it that the liquid column always is kept unbroken so that it is not divided into smaller drops which possibly might remain in those bends and transitions which are present in the channel system. The inner binding and the surface tension of the liquid accordingly results in that the channel system until the upper opening of the capillary tube 14 is entirely emptied from liquid. The extremely small drop which might possibly remain at this upper end can in no way reach the photomenter chambers 8 and 10 through the capillary tube 14 and the chamber 13.
  • the capillary tube 14 is interchangeable so that a suitable damping of the movements of the liquid may be obtained with regard to a certain internal friction.
  • a foam-quenching preparation may be supplied in such a way that it is slowly added through the narrow conduit 31.
  • the cover 32 is removed whereupon a tube 33 is sealingly inserted into the conduit 31.
  • the tube 33 is connected with a container 35 for the foam-quenching preparation over a controllable valve 34.
  • the liquid Due to the subpressure in the chamber 15 the liquid is sucked into the conduit 31 and the flow is regulated to a suitable value so that an inverted funnel 36 which is connected with the conduit 31 is continuously damped by the foam-quenching liquid, so that an effective degradation of any generated foam is achieved.
  • some liquid of another kind may be used instead of the foam-quenching liquid such as a neutrualizing or a desinfecting liquid.
  • the subpressure in the subpressure chamber may have either a first value or a second value corresponding to a greater subpressure.
  • the apparatus may further on be so designed that at least a third value of the subpressure may be obtained and in such a case the subpressure is substantially greater than the subpressures mentioned before.
  • This still greater subpressure may be needed if some impurity, for instance a solid particle has caused an obstruction of the channel system from the pipette tube 3 to the capillary tube 14. This still greater subpressure can then cause an effective flushing of the channel system. If the said solid particle has such a magnitude that the lower opening of the pipette tube 3 has been obstructed, this solid particle may even be removed if a suitable overpressure is generated in the chamber 15.
  • the photometer chamber device described may very well be used in connection with an automatic analyzing machine even if its use is not restricted to such a machine. Normally, an analyzing machine is connected with a recorder of some other similar means for recording the analysis results. In such a case it is valuable if an exact distinction may be made between successive samples so that a positive indication is obtained when a certain sample liquid is supplied to or removed from the photometer chamber unit.
  • a positive indication of that kind is obtained in the photometer chamber unit according to the invention since the liquid which is sucked into the channel system and which is removed from it begins with and ends with a liquid meniscus. When such a meniscus passes either of the photometer chambers 8 and 10 a total reflection of the supplied light takes place which will be indicated as a distinct level change of the outgoing signal.
  • the sample fluid to be examined always flows in one and the same direction. Furthermore, the sucking-in of the sample liquid and also the removal of this liquid is achieved entirely by the use of controllable subpressures.
  • the apparatus does not comprise any piston pumps or any valves, which elements are of such a kind that difficulties with regard to sealing or contamination almost always are present.
  • subpressure in the subpressure chamber shall have such a magnitude with relation to the surrounding pressure i.e. the pressure on the liquid surface of the liquid 1 that the pressure difference between said lastnamed pressure and the subpressure in the chamber 15 is sufficient for forcing the liquid up through the channel system to the upper opening of the damping capillary tube 14.
  • a subpressure prevails outside the upper opening of the damping capillary tube 14 in relation to the pressure of the surrounding.
  • the same result can also be achieved if the pressure outside the opening of the damping capillary tube 14 is the same as in the surrounding, in which case the liquid surface of the liquid 1 has to be subjected to a corresponding overpressure.
  • the invention covers also an embodiment of that kind.
  • the pressure difference between the pressure on the liquid surface of the liquid 1 and the pressure in the chamber 15 is in the order of 120 millimeters water column.
  • this pressure difference is not critical but a variation on some tenths millimeter water column may be tolerated without any harm to the function of the apparatus.
  • With suitable dimensioning of the capillary tube 14 it can also be achieved that the liquid remains in the channel system even if the sample tube 2 is removed. After the measurement has been finished the liquid is sucked away as described above by increasing the subpressure.
  • the apparatus may accordingly be used also in those cases when the different sample liquids are supplied manually, since it is only necessary to keep a tube with sample liquid under the pipette tube in order to start an analysis.
  • the capillary tube 14 forms the top of the channel system.
  • the capillary tube 14 consists of a vertical and straight tube.
  • the free end of the capillary tube 14 which opens into the subpressure chamber 15 may be situated at a lower level. It is even possible that this free end may be substantially at the same level as the liquid surface of the liquid 1.
  • FIG. 3 An example of this design of the capillary tube 14 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the design of the capillary tube 14 according to FIG. 3 may preferably be used in case various liquids having different specific gravity are to be examined in the apparatus.
  • the capillary tube In the apparatus according to FIG. 1 it is necessary to give the capillary tube an inner diameter which is suitable with regard to the liquid in question which is to be examined in order to keep the upper liquid surface at the free end of the capillary tube 14. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, however, this inner diameter of the capillary tube 14 is not so critical.
  • the conveying of tube with sample liquids, inserting of pipette tubes, measurement, recording of the measurement results and setting of the subpressures may be controlled in a known manner so that the desired working cycles are obtained.
  • a photometer chamber unit in which a liquid to be analyzed is sucked into a photometer chamber, said unit comprising a channel system with a pipette tube for insertion into a liquid, and at least one photometer chamber whichis to be passed by light
  • the channel system is one single unbranched channel from the pipette through the photometer chamber, and at the end of the unbranched channel system remote from the pipette tube the channel system ends with a vertical damping capillary tube which extends into and opens into a chamber and constitutes a continuation of said single unbranched channel, and means are provided for achieving a first lower pressure difference between the pressure in the chamber and the pressure on the liquid around the pipette tube for sucking liquid into the channel system only until it reaches the upper end of said capillary tube in said chamber, and for achieving a second higher pressure difference between the pressure in the chamber and the pressure on the liquid. around the pipette tube for emptying the liquid from the channel system and into the chamber.
  • the photometer chamber in the channel system between the pipette tube and the capillary tube consists of a diametrical hole in a circular body, and each end of the hole is connected with an axial recess in the mantle surface of the body and the body is sealingly surrounded by a tube of transparent material.
  • optical fibre bundles are located coaxial with the diametrical hole for the conduit of light to and from the photometer chamber, and a collecting lens is inserted between the optical fibre bundle for the supply of light and the wall of the transparent tube.
  • a light guiding rod is inserted in the body in the same plane as the photometer chamber and perpendicular to said chamber, and an optical fibre bundle is located outside the transparent tube coaxial with said rod.

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
US426588A 1972-12-20 1973-12-20 Photometer chamber unit Expired - Lifetime US3881826A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7216663A SE375154B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-12-20 1972-12-20

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US3881826A true US3881826A (en) 1975-05-06

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US426588A Expired - Lifetime US3881826A (en) 1972-12-20 1973-12-20 Photometer chamber unit

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US (1) US3881826A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS49126378A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2212041A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1442792A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1002261B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE375154B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4586818A (en) * 1982-10-27 1986-05-06 Laboratorium Prof. Dr. Rudolf Berthold Measuring station for a photometer
FR2609804A1 (fr) * 1987-01-15 1988-07-22 Bussotti Belinda Cuve a circulation double destinee a la photometrie d'absorption
EP0333939A3 (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-11-15 G.J.J. Drs. Beukeveld Capillary flow cell for optically analysing fluids, and apparatus comprising said cell
US5844686A (en) * 1995-09-21 1998-12-01 Eppendorf-Netheler-Hinz, Gmbh System for pipetting and photometrically evaluating samples
DE10016023A1 (de) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-18 Glukomeditech Ag Optische Vorrichtung zur gleichzeitigen Mehrfachmessung mittels Polarimetrie und Spektrometrie sowie Verfahren zur Regelung/Überwachung physikalisch-chemischer und biotechnischer Prozesse mittels dieser Vorrichtung
WO2004055567A1 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-07-01 Amersham Biosciences Ab Optical multiplexer for liquid samples in a conduit
EP1446651A2 (en) * 2001-11-07 2004-08-18 Varian, Inc. A manifold device comprising a plurality of flow cells and fiber-optic probes for dissolution systems, and method
US20180080873A1 (en) * 2015-03-17 2018-03-22 Konica Minolta, Inc. Detection device
US20240226872A9 (en) * 2022-10-20 2024-07-11 Cytek Biosciences, Inc. Removable circular nozzle for flow cytometers

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03123255U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1991-02-21 1991-12-16

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3418053A (en) * 1964-08-28 1968-12-24 Technicon Instr Colorimeter flow cell
US3689164A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-09-05 Vickers Ltd Apparatus including a multiple conduit path system for handling liquids to be tested
US3799683A (en) * 1971-11-13 1974-03-26 Bodenseewerk Perkin Elmer Co Flow-through sample cells which determine their own fill level

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3418053A (en) * 1964-08-28 1968-12-24 Technicon Instr Colorimeter flow cell
US3689164A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-09-05 Vickers Ltd Apparatus including a multiple conduit path system for handling liquids to be tested
US3799683A (en) * 1971-11-13 1974-03-26 Bodenseewerk Perkin Elmer Co Flow-through sample cells which determine their own fill level

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4586818A (en) * 1982-10-27 1986-05-06 Laboratorium Prof. Dr. Rudolf Berthold Measuring station for a photometer
FR2609804A1 (fr) * 1987-01-15 1988-07-22 Bussotti Belinda Cuve a circulation double destinee a la photometrie d'absorption
EP0333939A3 (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-11-15 G.J.J. Drs. Beukeveld Capillary flow cell for optically analysing fluids, and apparatus comprising said cell
US5844686A (en) * 1995-09-21 1998-12-01 Eppendorf-Netheler-Hinz, Gmbh System for pipetting and photometrically evaluating samples
DE10016023A1 (de) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-18 Glukomeditech Ag Optische Vorrichtung zur gleichzeitigen Mehrfachmessung mittels Polarimetrie und Spektrometrie sowie Verfahren zur Regelung/Überwachung physikalisch-chemischer und biotechnischer Prozesse mittels dieser Vorrichtung
DE10016023C2 (de) * 2000-03-31 2003-01-30 Glukomeditech Ag Durchfluss-Messküvette und deren Verwendung
EP1446651A2 (en) * 2001-11-07 2004-08-18 Varian, Inc. A manifold device comprising a plurality of flow cells and fiber-optic probes for dissolution systems, and method
WO2004055567A1 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-07-01 Amersham Biosciences Ab Optical multiplexer for liquid samples in a conduit
US20060231780A1 (en) * 2002-12-17 2006-10-19 Owe Salven Optical multiplexer for liquid samples in a conduit
US7301166B2 (en) 2002-12-17 2007-11-27 Ge Healthcare Bio-Sciences Ab Optical multiplexer for liquid samples in a conduit
US20180080873A1 (en) * 2015-03-17 2018-03-22 Konica Minolta, Inc. Detection device
US10267735B2 (en) * 2015-03-17 2019-04-23 Konica Minolta, Inc. Surface plasmon-field enhanced fluorescence detection device
US20240226872A9 (en) * 2022-10-20 2024-07-11 Cytek Biosciences, Inc. Removable circular nozzle for flow cytometers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1442792A (en) 1976-07-14
IT1002261B (it) 1976-05-20
FR2212041A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-19
DE2363210B2 (de) 1976-08-05
JPS49126378A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-03
SE375154B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-07
DE2363210A1 (de) 1974-07-11

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