US3881319A - Apparatus for driving board drains underground - Google Patents

Apparatus for driving board drains underground Download PDF

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Publication number
US3881319A
US3881319A US403069A US40306973A US3881319A US 3881319 A US3881319 A US 3881319A US 403069 A US403069 A US 403069A US 40306973 A US40306973 A US 40306973A US 3881319 A US3881319 A US 3881319A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
board
board drain
mandrel
drain
capping means
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US403069A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kotaro Katagiri
Masayuki Saito
Jiro Saito
Kiyoshige Nishibayashi
Tatsuyuki Matsuo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shin Etsu Chemical Co Ltd
Zeon Kasei Co Ltd
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Shin Etsu Chemical Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Assigned to SHINETSU CHEMICAL CO., LTD.; reassignment SHINETSU CHEMICAL CO., LTD.; CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SHINETSU CHEMICAL COMPANY
Assigned to ZEON KASEI CO.,LTD.: A CORP. OF JAPAN reassignment ZEON KASEI CO.,LTD.: A CORP. OF JAPAN ASSIGNMENT OF 1/2 OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST Assignors: SHIN-ETSU CHEMICAL CO., INC.
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
    • E02D3/103—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains by installing wick drains or sand bags
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes

Definitions

  • Fig.6 Fig-7 APPARATUS FOR DRIVING BOARD DRAINS UNDERGROUND FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention relates to improvements in the method of driving underground board drains, such as card boards and synthetic boards, for the consolidation of soft-clay soils.
  • card boards are driven into the ground usually by the following steps: (I) a card board drain is guided into a hollow mandrel vertically sustained on the ground to its full length from a reel of the card board stock by way of a feed means comprising a pair of back rolls provided at top of the mandrel, (2) the mandrel is driven underground to a desired depth with the card board held by the back rollers (3) the mandrel proper is thoroughly pulled up above the ground, leaving the card board behind in the soil, while the back rollers are rotated, and thereafter (4) the card board is cut off by an auto-cutter about 30 cm above the ground surface.
  • the lowest end of the mandrel is liable to break when, for instance, it hits on a hard object like rock during the driving operation, and the card board feeding mechanism tends to suffer failure or breakdown since it is rather complicated.
  • muddy water tends to force into the hollow mandrel, to cause to bond the card board to the inner surface of the mandrel, resulting to make it hard to leave the card board in the soil when the mandrel is pulled up.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a method of driving a board drain undergound, whereby the board drain is enclosed in a hollow mandrel, drive therewith together and, securely, remains unmoved as is when the mandrel is then pulled out of the ground.
  • Another object of the present invention is to effectively prevent any muddy water from entering into the hollow mandrel during the driving operation.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to proved a method wherein the provision of a pair of back rollers of the above-described conventional apparatus can be dispensed with.
  • the above and other objects are accomplished in accordance with the method of this invention comprising the steps of inserting a board drain into a hollow mandrel, driving the mandrel underground to a desired depth, and then pulling out the mandrel, leaving the board drain behind in the soil.
  • the mandrel is provided, prior to drive, on its lowest end with a cap to which the bottom end of the board drain is fixed and which is designed to remain in the soil after the mandrel has been pulled out of the ground.
  • the most preferred type of the cap is a sort of trough of a bilge-like sectional shape, having centrally on its upper surface an anchor means for fixing the board drain, and when the mandrel is pulled up the longitudinal edges of the cap cut into the soil, to make the cap left as is in the soil with the board drain secured thereto.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the end portion of a hollow mandrel including a cap made of plastic material.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a typical cap used in the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 consists of schematic drawings showing the driving conditions of the hollow mandrel for the purpose of illustrating the driving steps according to the method of the present invention
  • FIGS. 4 to 10 show different embodiments of the cap, where each of FIGS. 4 to 7 is a front view with different external surface patterns and each of FIGS. 8 to 10 is a side view with different anchoring or fixing means.
  • reference numeral 1 designates a hollow mandrel, 2 a board drain, 3 a cap, and 4 a packing adapted to ensure the prevention of ingress of mud or water into the mandrel from its open end during the driving operation.
  • This packing is not always required in the present invention and is used at need.
  • the board drain used here is one that is capable of effectuating perfect drainage in the consolidation of the soil and can also maintain its high draining performance until completion of the required consolidation.
  • the board drain is along strip, for example, 3 mm thick and mm wide and made from a material which remains noncorrosive when left in the soil for a long time and which has a sufficient water permeability and high wet strength, for example, a kind of thick craft paper, reinforced with resin to improve its water resistance, or a porous sheet made from sintered polyvinyl chloride powder, or a chemical board made from a polymer of polypropylene type.
  • FIG. 2 shows a typical example of the cap used in the method of the invention. It is a trough-shaped structure 5 having a bilge-like sectional shape, with an anchoring means 6, prvided at the center of the upper surface of the cap, for fixing therein the lowest end of the board drain.
  • a board drain 2 is introduced into a hollow mandrel 1 such that the fore end of the board drain is slightly projected out from the extreme end of the mandrel, and fixed to the cap 3.
  • the cap 3 is then inserted into the end opening of the mandrel 1 (FIG. 3(A)), ready for driving underground in a known manner.
  • the mandrel has been driven to a desired depth (FIG 3(3))
  • it is pulled up, leaving the board drainholding cap behind in the soil (FIG. 3(C))
  • the cap attached to the lowest end of the board drain can be thrust into earth when the mandrel is drawn up and the board drain remains as is in the soil. Further, since the board drain is given a downward pull when the mandrel is raised up, the mechanism for feeding the board drain into the mandrel synchroneously with the upward pull of the mandrel as necessitated in the conventional method is no more required. Furthermore, according to the invention, it is possible to effectively prevent muddy water from entering into the mandrel when it is driven underground. It is another characteristic of the invention that the end portion of the mandrel is protected from possible damage by any hard rock by means of the cap during the driving operation.
  • the underside configuration of cap 3 is not limitted to the one having a central sharp ridge 8 as shown in FIG. 2, but it may be of a general curvature. However, the one having a sharp ridge substantially along the center line of the underside as shown in FIG. 2 is preferred because such configuration allows easier and smoother driving of the mandrel into earth.
  • the exter nal surface of the cap shown in FIG. 2 is smooth but it is prefereed to provide thereon raised streaks or stripes of various patterns, longitudinally or transversely, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, to thereby increase the external surface area of the cap and, consequently, enhance cohesion between the cap and the soil, thus making it more propitious for the cap to be left in the soil behind the mandrel withdrawn.
  • the cap 3 is configured such as to aptly enclose the lower end portion of the mandrel l, as shown in FIG. I.
  • FIG. 8 shows different embodiments of the anchoring means.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 8 consists of a realtively thick tongue and a thiner one, arranged in parallel, face to face. In this case, since the thiner tongue is easy to be bended, the insertion of the board drain between the two tongues is more facilitated.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 comprises tow tongues, one of which is vertically longer than the other.
  • This combination of tongues also permits easy insertion of the board drain.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 proposes only one piece of tongue, to which the board drain is simply attached so as to overlap each other and then fastened by a fastening machine.
  • the caps used in the present invention can be made of various types of synthetic resin material and molded, for example, by the injection molding.
  • the resin material is preferably selected from the viewpoint of me chanical strength and workability, from the group of polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride.
  • the product is advantaged by that, due to the elastic material, its configuration can be subject to change along that of the end of the mandrel to which it is attached, as the driving operation is performed, consequently any resistance against penetration of the mandrel into the soil is greatly lessened to allow a smooth driving operation, and further, the configuration thus changed can be restored to its original shape when the mandrel is pulled up, resulting to make the side walls of the cap easily cut into the earth.
  • Apparatus for insertion of board drains into soft clay soils comprising a board drain, a hollow mandrel and a capping means, said hollow mandrel having at least one open end, said capping means having means for securing said board drain thereonto, said capping means surrounding the open end of said mandrel to protect it from entry of foreign matter when the mandrel, capping means and board drain are driven into the soil, and said capping means being provided with two diverging edged wings on opposing sides, said wings ex tending outwardly from the lower end of said hollow mandrel so as to anchor said capping means and said board drain in the soil by cutting the soil when said hollow mandrel is pulled up.
  • the means for securing the board drain to said capping means comprises a pair of tongues spaced from each other, said tongues being mounted in said capping means, said board drain being mounted between said tongues, and means for securing said board drain to said tongues.
  • said means for securing said board drain to said capping means comprises a tongue mounted on said capping means, said board drain being mounted adjacent one 6 face of said tongue, and fastening means for securing 8.
  • board drain is made of sintered porous polyvinyl chlo- 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
US403069A 1972-10-05 1973-10-03 Apparatus for driving board drains underground Expired - Lifetime US3881319A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10012172A JPS564683B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-10-05 1972-10-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3881319A true US3881319A (en) 1975-05-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US403069A Expired - Lifetime US3881319A (en) 1972-10-05 1973-10-03 Apparatus for driving board drains underground

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3881319A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS564683B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE805728A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA974784A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL179600C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4745979A (en) * 1985-02-14 1988-05-24 Kazuko Morimoto Method and apparatus for driving drain board
US4854774A (en) * 1986-03-28 1989-08-08 Streichenberger Antonius Process for implantation of aquatic artificial substrates, structures for the implantation, and device for operating the process
US4872782A (en) * 1987-04-07 1989-10-10 Rodolphe Streichenberger Artificial substrates for marine biomass enhancement and wave energy absorption
EP0822295A4 (en) * 1995-04-15 1998-07-15 Jong Chun Kim EQUIPMENT FOR CREATING A DRAINAGE WITH SOFT GROUND REINFORCEMENT, AND METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ARRANGING THE DRAINAGE
US20040213636A1 (en) * 2003-04-22 2004-10-28 Russell Michael Hamilton Ground anchor drainage apparatus and a method of installation of ground drainage apparatus
US20130279984A1 (en) * 2011-10-14 2013-10-24 Dean Tomlinson Pneumatic anchoring system for wick drains
CN104895048A (zh) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-09 天津大学 用于间歇式透气真空预压排水的盖帽
CN104929105A (zh) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-23 天津大学 用于间歇式透气真空预压排水的排水板
CN104929104A (zh) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-23 天津大学 一种间歇式通气真空预压排水系统
US20220056656A1 (en) * 2020-08-24 2022-02-24 American Piledriving Equipment, Inc. Wick drain shoe assemblies, systems, and methods
US20230392335A1 (en) * 2022-04-08 2023-12-07 Keller North America, Inc. Segmental method for installing wick drains

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US790910A (en) * 1904-09-22 1905-05-30 A A Cohill Device for facilitating driving hollow piles or pipes.
US1085430A (en) * 1911-08-07 1914-01-27 Moritz Kahn Shoe for piles made of concrete or other plastic material.
US1275470A (en) * 1913-08-05 1918-08-13 Francis L Pruyn Apparatus for setting piles.
US2577252A (en) * 1939-01-25 1951-12-04 Kjellman Walter Drainage method and device
US3797252A (en) * 1972-09-01 1974-03-19 Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd Method for installing a drain material in a water-containing poor subsoil
US3797251A (en) * 1971-08-31 1974-03-19 Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd Drain material for use in a water-containing poor subsoil and a method for installing said drain material therein

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US790910A (en) * 1904-09-22 1905-05-30 A A Cohill Device for facilitating driving hollow piles or pipes.
US1085430A (en) * 1911-08-07 1914-01-27 Moritz Kahn Shoe for piles made of concrete or other plastic material.
US1275470A (en) * 1913-08-05 1918-08-13 Francis L Pruyn Apparatus for setting piles.
US2577252A (en) * 1939-01-25 1951-12-04 Kjellman Walter Drainage method and device
US3797251A (en) * 1971-08-31 1974-03-19 Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd Drain material for use in a water-containing poor subsoil and a method for installing said drain material therein
US3797252A (en) * 1972-09-01 1974-03-19 Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd Method for installing a drain material in a water-containing poor subsoil

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4745979A (en) * 1985-02-14 1988-05-24 Kazuko Morimoto Method and apparatus for driving drain board
US4854774A (en) * 1986-03-28 1989-08-08 Streichenberger Antonius Process for implantation of aquatic artificial substrates, structures for the implantation, and device for operating the process
US4872782A (en) * 1987-04-07 1989-10-10 Rodolphe Streichenberger Artificial substrates for marine biomass enhancement and wave energy absorption
EP0822295A4 (en) * 1995-04-15 1998-07-15 Jong Chun Kim EQUIPMENT FOR CREATING A DRAINAGE WITH SOFT GROUND REINFORCEMENT, AND METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ARRANGING THE DRAINAGE
US20040213636A1 (en) * 2003-04-22 2004-10-28 Russell Michael Hamilton Ground anchor drainage apparatus and a method of installation of ground drainage apparatus
US7033109B2 (en) * 2003-04-22 2006-04-25 Platipus Anchors Holdings Limited Ground anchor drainage apparatus and a method of installation of ground drainage apparatus
US20130279984A1 (en) * 2011-10-14 2013-10-24 Dean Tomlinson Pneumatic anchoring system for wick drains
US8985898B2 (en) * 2011-10-14 2015-03-24 Dean Tomlinson Pneumatic anchoring system for wick drains
CN104895048A (zh) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-09 天津大学 用于间歇式透气真空预压排水的盖帽
CN104929105A (zh) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-23 天津大学 用于间歇式透气真空预压排水的排水板
CN104929104A (zh) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-23 天津大学 一种间歇式通气真空预压排水系统
US20220056656A1 (en) * 2020-08-24 2022-02-24 American Piledriving Equipment, Inc. Wick drain shoe assemblies, systems, and methods
US11352759B2 (en) * 2020-08-24 2022-06-07 American Piledriving Equipment, Inc. Wick drain shoe assemblies, systems, and methods
US20230392335A1 (en) * 2022-04-08 2023-12-07 Keller North America, Inc. Segmental method for installing wick drains
US12385205B2 (en) * 2022-04-08 2025-08-12 Keller North America, Inc. Segmental method for installing wick drains

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7313653A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-04-09
CA974784A (en) 1975-09-23
JPS4957623A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-04
BE805728A (fr) 1974-02-01
JPS564683B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1981-01-31
NL179600C (nl) 1986-10-01
NL179600B (nl) 1986-05-01

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: SHINETSU CHEMICAL CO., LTD.; 6-1, OTEMACHI 2-CHOME

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SHINETSU CHEMICAL COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004097/0339

Effective date: 19821116

Owner name: ZEON KASEI CO.,LTD.: A CORP. OF JAPAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF 1/2 OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SHIN-ETSU CHEMICAL CO., INC.;REEL/FRAME:004097/0337

Effective date: 19820120