US3879148A - Grazing light reflector for roadway pavement markers - Google Patents

Grazing light reflector for roadway pavement markers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3879148A
US3879148A US452997A US45299774A US3879148A US 3879148 A US3879148 A US 3879148A US 452997 A US452997 A US 452997A US 45299774 A US45299774 A US 45299774A US 3879148 A US3879148 A US 3879148A
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Prior art keywords
roadway
sheet
surface area
reflector
grazing light
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US452997A
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English (en)
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Ludwig Eigenmann
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3M Co
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Individual
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Assigned to MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY reassignment MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: EIGENMANN, LUDWIG
Assigned to MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY reassignment MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: EIGENMANN, LUDWIG
Assigned to MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY reassignment MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: EIGENMANN, LUDWIG
Assigned to MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY reassignment MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: EIGENMANN, LUDWIG
Assigned to MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY reassignment MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: EIGENMANN, LUDWIG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/553—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members
    • E01F9/565—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members having deflectable or displaceable parts
    • E01F9/573—Self-righting, upright flexible or rockable markers, e.g. resilient flaps bending over
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/576—Traffic lines
    • E01F9/578—Traffic lines consisting of preformed elements, e.g. tapes, block-type elements specially designed or arranged to make up a traffic line

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT There is described a retro-reflecting device designed to be structurally associated to traffic delineating signs and markers formed by tapes or layers on roadway pavements.
  • the device improves the nighttime visibility of the sign or marker, by retro-reflecting grazing I 6 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures GRAZING LHGHT REFLECTOR FOR ROADWAY PAVEMENT MARKERS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION a.
  • the Field of the Invention This invention relates to the field of traffic regulating sign or markers formed on or applied to roadway pavements, such as to delineate traffic lanes and the like. and more particularly of the reflection means designed to be associated to such markers for improving their nighttime visibility, especially in rainy weather, when the essentially sole source of light is provided by the light beams emitted by a vchicles headlamps.
  • this invention has for its specific field the art of improving the visibility by motorists of markers and signs associated to a roadway pavement and forming part of the roadable surface area, when such markers or signs are illuminated by light rays emitted in a direction forming a small or extremely small angle with generally planar roadable area, the visibility at distance of the thus illuminated marker or sign being provided essentially only by those light rays which are retro-reflected essentially along their own incident rays, towards the source of light (the headlamps) and therefore towards the motorists eyes.
  • Such type of illumination by light rays forming the said small or very small angle with the roadable surface in commonly termed by grazing light in the art. Therefore, the expression grazing light, as made use of as this specification proceeds and in the appended claims, in view of the objects and scope of the invention, is intended to encompass light beams and rays which impinge on a given part of a roadable surface, in a direction forming a small angle with said surface, alike the light emitted by a vehicle headlamps system impinges on a location or area of a roadable surface some tenths of meters at least ahead of the vehicle.
  • Three dimensional high visibility traffic delineation means have been heretofore proposed, such as various traffic buttons have been proposed as lane separators, and cast elongated pyramids or raised bars are used for channelizing the traffic.
  • a substantial approach has been proposed and described by the present applicant in his U.S.A. Pat. No. 3,399,607 and British Pat. Specification No. 1,032,813. Reference is herein made to this prior patent literature for best knowledge of the prior art, to which this invention provides a substantial improvement.
  • these and other prior art means comprise stationary markers arranged along the delineation to be made visible and forming, at suitable selected locations and intervals on said delineation, more or less sharply protruding reliefs having exposed side surfaces which at least in part can be impinged by grazing (relatively to the overall planar roadable surface) light, at a reasonably small angle of incidence, that is an angle well greater than that of impingement of the light rays upon neighbouring locations of the adjacent roadable surface.
  • Said markers can be made of a tough hard plastic or resinous binder having embedded therein retroreflective glass spheres or beads.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved grazing light reflector as above, which is particularly adapted for being structurally associated to traffic delineation forming tape materials, say during the factory production of said known materials, so that by applying on and securing these tape materials on a road surface, the thus formed traffic delineation will be provided with the desired visibility improving means, without further operations, and ready for immediate service.
  • the new grazing light reflector of the invention comprises, in combination with a traffic delineation providing layer having an upper planar face forming part of the roadable area, an at least partially pliable component having a first portion fixedly secured to said upper face, a second upwardly resiliently biased portion maintained by a biasing force in a first position projecting above said planar face, retroreflecting means comprising reflectorized beads on said second portion to retro-reflect grazing light rays impinging on said second portion when in its said first position, and a third intermediate portion pliably connecting said first portion to said second portion so that said second portion can be lowered in a second position essentially co-planar with said upper face when a downwardly directed force greater than said biasing force is applied to said second portion.
  • the said downwardly directed force is that applied by a vehicle wheel passing over the reflector, or by a road way sweeper machine, or by a snowplow or other mechanism which, when travelling over a roadway pavement, might impinge on any body which upwardly projects from such pavement.
  • the reflector comprises a second portion consisting of an essentially flat tab including the said retroreflecting means, having a lower edge adjacent to said first portion and downwardly swingable about said lower edge until laid flat on said upper face.
  • said reflector is made of resiliently pliable sheet material at its said lower edge and the said biasing force is provided by the resiliency of said sheet material.
  • the said first portion, second portion and intermediate portion are formed by concentric outer, inner and intermediate parts ofa pliable sheet material having the said retro-reflecting means secured to at least said inner part, said outer part being secured to the said upper face of the traffic delineation, and the said inner part being upwardly biased by a resilient buffer located therebelow so that said inner part when in its said first position sharply bulges above said upper face.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are perspective diagrammatical fragmentary views of a lane delineating tape material secured on a roadway pavement and associated to visibility improving grazing light reflectors arranged according to said preferred and respectively to said modified embodiment of the invention;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are somewhat diagrammatical sectional views of said embodiments, taken in the planes indicated at Ill-III in FIG. 1 and respectively at lV-IV in FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C diagrammatically and crosssectionally illustrate the essential steps of a procedure for forming a reflector such as illustrated in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional exploded view of the components of the reflector of FIG. 4, before its assembling with the tape material.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 there is fragmentarily shown a roadway pavement having a roadable surface 10 and having a lane delineation (or other traffic regulating sign) forming tape material secured thereon.
  • This tape material has evidently an upper face, indicated at 12, which actually forms a part of the roadable area open to traffic.
  • the tape material comprises two juxtaposed and integrally connected layers 14 and 16, the lower one ensuring the best bond with the surface 10 of the roadway pavement, and the upper one being the most desirably weather and traffic resisting composition to provide an efficient and durable delineation.
  • the reflector comprise a flat and thin tab-like portion which, when not subject to externally applied forces, is upwardly and nearly vertically extended from a first or base portion 22 juxtaposed on and fixedly secured (by localized hot melt or by means of known solvents or adhesives) to the upper face 12 of the traffic delineation.
  • the reflector is positioned on and secured to traffic delineation so that the flat faces of its tab portion 20 form essentially right angles with the average direction of the expected impinging grazing light.
  • said tab portions 20 are arranged perpendicularly of the length of the traffic delineation, if the same provides a traffic lane dividing line, for example.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a number of reflectors each extended cross-wise of the sign forming tape or layer to provide the greatest retro-reflective area for a given height of the reflector.
  • the showing of FIG. 1 provides the best visualization of the arrangement and of the retro-reflecting action of the reflector. It has been found that reflectors provided with properly reflectorized tab portions from 10 to 20 millimeters high and from to I20 millimeters wide (that is well less than the average width of currently provided traffic lane delineations) ensure a more than suitable visibility by retro-reflection when spaced, along the delineation, at even two meters intervals. Of course, well shorter intervals can be provided, but two short intervals, such as of half of a meter or less, do not lead to a further increased brilliancy, because at distance the reflectors apparently overlap each other at the driver sight.
  • the tab portion 20 is (a) swingably connected at the base portion 22 so that such tab portion can be swung down flat as shown at 20a in FIG. 3, (b) so thin (such as two millimeter thick, for example) that does not form a noticeable bulge or relief over the surface 12, when laid down flat, and (c) upwardly resiliently biased by a force provided by the elastic nature of the components forming the lower edge of same tab.
  • the reflector is essentially formed of a transparent highly resilient, stress resistant and wear resistant fiber reinforced resinous sheet material.
  • the reflector of FIG. 3 can be prepared as shown in FIGS. 5A to SC.
  • a planar smooth surface such as provided by a glass or a polytetrafluoroethylene plate or sheet 40
  • a woven or non-woven fabric 42 is laid and then an impregnating resinous layer 44 is doctored thereon,
  • the fabric is made of well pliable and high resistance fibers, such as polyamide fibers, and the resin is selected among those very resilient and wear resistant and preferably having a refractive index equal or very near to that of the fibers, so that such fibers will disappear in the fiber reinforced sheet structure obtained by curing the resin.
  • a commercial polyurethane resin is suitable for providing such structure.
  • the sheet 42, 44 Prior to complete curing of the resin, the sheet 42, 44 is detached from the plate 40, turned downwise and applied over a die forming support 50 (FIG. 58) so grooved that a bent center portion of the sheet can be fitted, leaving a space 52 in which a reflectorizing flat assembly 54 of height less than the deepness of said space 52 is forced.
  • Such assembly preferably consists of a thin reflecting plate 56, such as of aluminum, having monolayers 58 of commercially available transparent resinous or glass beads are applied.
  • monodirectionally retro-reflecting reflectors say for use along one-way roads, can be more economically provided with assemblies 54 having one monolayer 58.
  • the structure is then pressed into a clamping die in the cross-sectional configuration shown in FIG. SC to provide an unitary structure.
  • the lower edge part 60 of the tab portion 20 does not include the reflectorizing assembly and therefore is resiliently pliable. Such part acts either as a hinge for abatement of the retroreflecting tab portion as shown at 20a in FIG. 3, and as a resilient means for applying to such abated tab por tion a biasing force capable to return the same in its first nearly upright position.
  • the very reflectorizing means are completely enclosed into a wear resistant transparent envelope and therefore a both efficient and durable reflector is provided.
  • the modified reflector of FIGS. 2 and 4 has, in service, a general character of a known traffic button. because it forms a reflectorized bulge 30 protruding well above the upper face 12 of the traffic delineation. or other sign on the roadway pavement 10. Such bulge is however capable to flatten down in flush with the said upper face 12, when downly urged by a substantial force and then in return in its bulging configuration when such force has been discontinued.
  • the reflector preferably consists of a disk of reinforced pliable wear and weather resistant sheet material such as that made as described with reference to FIG. 5A, and consisting of the above described reinforcing fabric 42 in a resinous layer 44, of polyamide fibers and respectively of polyurethane resins.
  • a monolayer 46 of beads is secured, preferably at its center portion only (a complete coating is however convenient in the case of mass production of the sheet material 42, 44, 46 in continuous ribbon form).
  • the reflectorization can be provided by properly pigmenting the impregnating resins.
  • light diffusive or light reflective fillers such as titanium dioxide of aluminum flakes, can be added to the resin.
  • the sheet is secured at its outer portion 36 to the delineation 12, about a resilient plug or buffer 34, of rubber or of a rubbery plastic, preferably seated into a bore 48 punched out from the layer l4, 16, which provides the upwardly directed biasing force which causes the center portion 32 of the pliable sheet to provide the retro-reflecting bulge 30.
  • the layer 46 of beads is preferably protected by a transparent protective layer. such as of polyurethane.
  • a combination comprising a partially pliable component formed of a transparent fiber-reinforced resinous sheet and adapted to be bendable at its center.
  • first flat portion juxtaposed on and firmly secured to the upper planar surface of the layer superimposed on the roadway including a first flat portion juxtaposed on and firmly secured to the upper planar surface of the layer superimposed on the roadway, a second flat tab-like portion connected to and extending upwardly from said first portion and having an outer surface area when said component is bent at its center and having a lower edge, a resiliently pliable intermediate hinged portion located at said lower edge of said second portion and connecting said first portion to said second portion and operative to allow said second portion to assume with respect to said first portion a first position in which at least a portion of said outer surface area of said second portion is positioned to receive impinging grazing light and to assume a second position in which said outer surface area and said second portion are substantially coplanar with the upper planar surface of the layer on the roadway, and retroreflective means secured to at least part of said outer surface area of said second portion above said intermediate portion and being formed of at least one monolayer of transparent beads and a reflective sheet which back said beads so as to
  • a combination comprising a partially pliable component including a first flat circular portion juxtaposed on and firmly secured to the upper planar surface of the layer superimposed on the roadway, a second portion formed of a substantially planar pliable sheet having an outer surface area including a circular portion concentric with said first flat circular portion, a pliable intermediate portion connecting said first portion to said second portion and operative to allow said second portion to assume with respect to said first portion a first position in which said circular portion of said outer surface area of said second portion is positioned to receive impinging grazing light and to assume a second position in which said outer surface area and said second portion are substantially coplanar with the upper planar surface of the layer on the roadway, and retro-reflective means formed with a monolayer of reflectorized beads

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
US452997A 1973-03-21 1974-03-19 Grazing light reflector for roadway pavement markers Expired - Lifetime US3879148A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT21912/73A IT1045336B (it) 1973-03-21 1973-03-21 Materiale retroriflettente associabile a strisce elastoplastiche e simili per segnaletica stradale orizzontale per esaltarne la vis filita sotto luce radente

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US3879148A true US3879148A (en) 1975-04-22

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US (1) US3879148A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2414044A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2222489B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1465585A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1045336B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7403698A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3954346A (en) * 1974-12-09 1976-05-04 Miller George W Safety strip
US4050834A (en) * 1976-02-04 1977-09-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Internally powered traffic control device
US4080085A (en) * 1976-02-04 1978-03-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Traffic lane delineator system
US4129397A (en) * 1976-11-10 1978-12-12 Ludwig Eigenmann Road surface marking prefabricated tape material, having retroreflective composite elements associated thereto
US4145112A (en) * 1977-07-14 1979-03-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Low-profile raised retroreflective sheeting
US4146635A (en) * 1976-04-15 1979-03-27 Ludwig Eigenmann Anti-skid, wear- and stress-resisting road marking tape material
DE2927267A1 (de) * 1978-07-07 1980-01-17 Eigenmann Ludwig Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung einer rueckstrahlenden verkehrsregelungs-strassenoberflaechenmarkierung
US4288487A (en) * 1978-04-07 1981-09-08 Ludwig Eigenmann Method of forming surface markings on roadway areas, and roadway areas produced thereby
US4388359A (en) * 1982-04-23 1983-06-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Embossed pavement-marking sheet material
EP0100524A1 (en) * 1982-07-27 1984-02-15 Ludwig Dr. Eigenmann Horizontal road marking material and method and apparatus for laying down said road marking material on the road surface
US4462711A (en) * 1981-05-26 1984-07-31 Garner J Harlan Reflective road marker
USRE31669E (en) * 1976-04-15 1984-09-11 Anti-skid, wear- and stress-resisting road marking tape material
US4521129A (en) * 1983-06-17 1985-06-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Elastomeric pavement marker having improved configuration
US4534673A (en) * 1983-04-11 1985-08-13 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Elastomeric pavement marker
US4552089A (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-11-12 Mahoney Thomas P Road warning emergency system and method of utilizing same
US4573763A (en) * 1984-12-18 1986-03-04 Eagle Industries, Inc. Three-dimensional flexible reflectors
US4626127A (en) * 1983-04-11 1986-12-02 May David C Elastomeric pavement marker
US4815818A (en) * 1984-12-18 1989-03-28 Eagle Industries, Inc. Three-dimensional flexible reflectors
US4972229A (en) * 1982-05-28 1990-11-20 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Copying magnification setting device for an electrophotographic copying apparatus
US5393166A (en) * 1993-05-10 1995-02-28 Target Recycling Inc. Reflective marker from recyclable material
WO1997033045A1 (en) * 1996-03-06 1997-09-12 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Resilient road marker and method of installation
US5782577A (en) * 1996-08-07 1998-07-21 Stephens; Dan Roadway median stripe protective method
US5835271A (en) * 1995-06-29 1998-11-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Encased retroreflective elements and method for making
WO1999004095A1 (en) * 1997-07-16 1999-01-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Pleated retroreflective barricade sheeting
US6062766A (en) * 1997-08-04 2000-05-16 Quixote Corporation Raised pavement marker
US6305874B1 (en) * 1999-05-20 2001-10-23 U.S. Philips Corporation Road-marking complex and system for marking roads
US6511256B1 (en) * 1999-05-27 2003-01-28 Avery Dennison Corporation Pavement marker with improved daytime visibility and fluorescent durability
US20030123930A1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2003-07-03 Jacobs Gregory F. Matrix element magnetic pavement marker and method of making same
US20030123931A1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2003-07-03 Khieu Sithya S. Matrix element pavement marker and method of making same
US6764249B2 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-07-20 Mary Anna Jane Stone Temporary pavement marker
US7037033B1 (en) * 2000-08-08 2006-05-02 Attar Adil H Process of manufacturing one-piece reflective pavement marker and method of making
US7077600B1 (en) * 2005-09-15 2006-07-18 Whinery Christopher S Multiple sensory road marking tape
US20080166181A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2008-07-10 Charles Pilate Temporary striping system for roadways
RU2359000C2 (ru) * 2007-03-26 2009-06-20 Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Технопласт" (ЗАО "Технопласт") Термопластичный состав для маркировки дорожного полотна
USD860845S1 (en) * 2017-08-03 2019-09-24 Trafco Industries, Inc. Temporary flexible pavement marker
US11110695B2 (en) 2012-05-30 2021-09-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Marking tape, method of applying and method of manufacturing the marking tape

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4092081A (en) * 1977-07-05 1978-05-30 Hpc, Inc. Roadway/traffic delineator
FR2412653A1 (fr) * 1977-12-26 1979-07-20 Eigenmann Ludwig Bande prefabriquee avec elements a pouvoir retroreflechissant eleve pour la signalisation routiere dite horizontale et son procede de realisation
BR8401650A (pt) * 1983-04-11 1984-11-20 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Marcador elastomerico de pavimentacao
EP0161332B1 (en) * 1984-04-10 1989-02-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Elastomeric pavement marker
CH671986A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1987-12-24 1989-10-13 Eigenmann Ludwig

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US1833124A (en) * 1929-03-08 1931-11-24 Rand William Marchant Traffic sign
US2838408A (en) * 1955-01-28 1958-06-10 Prismo Safety Corp Glass compositions
US3011412A (en) * 1957-04-11 1961-12-05 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Safety marking system
US3556637A (en) * 1968-06-27 1971-01-19 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reflex-reflecting aggregate and markers prepared therefrom

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1833124A (en) * 1929-03-08 1931-11-24 Rand William Marchant Traffic sign
US2838408A (en) * 1955-01-28 1958-06-10 Prismo Safety Corp Glass compositions
US3011412A (en) * 1957-04-11 1961-12-05 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Safety marking system
US3556637A (en) * 1968-06-27 1971-01-19 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reflex-reflecting aggregate and markers prepared therefrom

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3954346A (en) * 1974-12-09 1976-05-04 Miller George W Safety strip
US4050834A (en) * 1976-02-04 1977-09-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Internally powered traffic control device
US4080085A (en) * 1976-02-04 1978-03-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Traffic lane delineator system
US4146635A (en) * 1976-04-15 1979-03-27 Ludwig Eigenmann Anti-skid, wear- and stress-resisting road marking tape material
USRE31669E (en) * 1976-04-15 1984-09-11 Anti-skid, wear- and stress-resisting road marking tape material
USRE31291E (en) * 1976-11-10 1983-06-28 Road surface marking prefabricated tape material, having retroreflective composite elements associated thereto
US4129397A (en) * 1976-11-10 1978-12-12 Ludwig Eigenmann Road surface marking prefabricated tape material, having retroreflective composite elements associated thereto
US4145112A (en) * 1977-07-14 1979-03-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Low-profile raised retroreflective sheeting
US4288487A (en) * 1978-04-07 1981-09-08 Ludwig Eigenmann Method of forming surface markings on roadway areas, and roadway areas produced thereby
DE2927267A1 (de) * 1978-07-07 1980-01-17 Eigenmann Ludwig Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung einer rueckstrahlenden verkehrsregelungs-strassenoberflaechenmarkierung
US4462711A (en) * 1981-05-26 1984-07-31 Garner J Harlan Reflective road marker
US4388359A (en) * 1982-04-23 1983-06-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Embossed pavement-marking sheet material
US4972229A (en) * 1982-05-28 1990-11-20 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Copying magnification setting device for an electrophotographic copying apparatus
US5115274A (en) * 1982-05-28 1992-05-19 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Copying magnification setting device for an electrophotographic copying apparatus
EP0100524A1 (en) * 1982-07-27 1984-02-15 Ludwig Dr. Eigenmann Horizontal road marking material and method and apparatus for laying down said road marking material on the road surface
US4626127A (en) * 1983-04-11 1986-12-02 May David C Elastomeric pavement marker
US4534673A (en) * 1983-04-11 1985-08-13 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Elastomeric pavement marker
US4521129A (en) * 1983-06-17 1985-06-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Elastomeric pavement marker having improved configuration
US4552089A (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-11-12 Mahoney Thomas P Road warning emergency system and method of utilizing same
US4573763A (en) * 1984-12-18 1986-03-04 Eagle Industries, Inc. Three-dimensional flexible reflectors
US4815818A (en) * 1984-12-18 1989-03-28 Eagle Industries, Inc. Three-dimensional flexible reflectors
US5393166A (en) * 1993-05-10 1995-02-28 Target Recycling Inc. Reflective marker from recyclable material
US5835271A (en) * 1995-06-29 1998-11-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Encased retroreflective elements and method for making
WO1997033045A1 (en) * 1996-03-06 1997-09-12 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Resilient road marker and method of installation
US6050742A (en) * 1996-03-06 2000-04-18 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Pavement marker
US5782577A (en) * 1996-08-07 1998-07-21 Stephens; Dan Roadway median stripe protective method
WO1999004095A1 (en) * 1997-07-16 1999-01-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Pleated retroreflective barricade sheeting
US6062766A (en) * 1997-08-04 2000-05-16 Quixote Corporation Raised pavement marker
US6305874B1 (en) * 1999-05-20 2001-10-23 U.S. Philips Corporation Road-marking complex and system for marking roads
US6511256B1 (en) * 1999-05-27 2003-01-28 Avery Dennison Corporation Pavement marker with improved daytime visibility and fluorescent durability
US7037033B1 (en) * 2000-08-08 2006-05-02 Attar Adil H Process of manufacturing one-piece reflective pavement marker and method of making
US20030123930A1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2003-07-03 Jacobs Gregory F. Matrix element magnetic pavement marker and method of making same
US20030123931A1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2003-07-03 Khieu Sithya S. Matrix element pavement marker and method of making same
US6764249B2 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-07-20 Mary Anna Jane Stone Temporary pavement marker
US7077600B1 (en) * 2005-09-15 2006-07-18 Whinery Christopher S Multiple sensory road marking tape
US20080166181A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2008-07-10 Charles Pilate Temporary striping system for roadways
RU2359000C2 (ru) * 2007-03-26 2009-06-20 Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Технопласт" (ЗАО "Технопласт") Термопластичный состав для маркировки дорожного полотна
US11110695B2 (en) 2012-05-30 2021-09-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Marking tape, method of applying and method of manufacturing the marking tape
USD860845S1 (en) * 2017-08-03 2019-09-24 Trafco Industries, Inc. Temporary flexible pavement marker
USD977355S1 (en) * 2017-08-03 2023-02-07 Trafco Industries, Inc. Temporary flexible pavement marker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2222489A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-18
FR2222489B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-01-07
GB1465585A (en) 1977-02-23
NL7403698A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-09-24
DE2414044A1 (de) 1974-10-03
IT1045336B (it) 1980-05-10

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