US3878425A - Vacuum - tight carbon bodies - Google Patents

Vacuum - tight carbon bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
US3878425A
US3878425A US391459A US39145973A US3878425A US 3878425 A US3878425 A US 3878425A US 391459 A US391459 A US 391459A US 39145973 A US39145973 A US 39145973A US 3878425 A US3878425 A US 3878425A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
carbon
rhenium
gas
vacuum
impermeable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US391459A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Katz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19722244267 external-priority patent/DE2244267C3/de
Application filed by Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3878425A publication Critical patent/US3878425A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
    • C04B37/006—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of metals or metal salts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/124—Metallic interlayers based on copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/125—Metallic interlayers based on noble metals, e.g. silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/36—Non-oxidic
    • C04B2237/363—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/72—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/84—Joining of a first substrate with a second substrate at least partially inside the first substrate, where the bonding area is at the inside of the first substrate, e.g. one tube inside another tube

Definitions

  • a vacuum-tight body composed of at least two carbon [51] Int. Cl. H01j 1/02; HOlj H14; H01] H38; members which are joined to one another with a layer HOlj 19/30; l-lOlj 19/06 of a gas-impermeable solder material selected from [58] Field of Search ..29/472.7, 472.5, the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au, and alloys thereof 220/2.1 T; 313/317, 352, 354, 355 in direct contact with a rhenium layer on adjoining carbon surfaces.
  • the body may form a collector which forms part of a vessel wallin a high capacity electric [56] References Cited discharge vessel.
  • a coating of a metal, particularly copper, is an extraorindarily suitable material for obtaining gastightness for vacuum purposes. Copper is non-magnetic and thus does not interfere with magnetic fields, it is ductile so as to easily allow adjustment of parts thereof, etc. However, copper has a relatively low melting point of 1084 C. and is undesirably influenced when, for example, a highly focused electron beam impinges on a coating thereof positioned on a body of low thermal conductivity.
  • a carbon body when a carbon body has its inner surface coated with copper and forms the inner wall ofa collector. such as in a traveling wave tube, the inner surface is very sensitive to sudden and high localized rises in temperature. If, on the other hand, the carbon body has its outer surface coated with copper, such outer surface has such a low radiation ability in comparison with an uncovered carbon surface that only a fraction of the total power dissipation is obtained from that otherwise possible.
  • the invention provides a gas-impermeable carbon body which is characterized by a high reflection property and an insensitivity to high localized thermal stresses.
  • FIGURE is an elevated cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • a protective layer of rhenium is applied to the adjacent surfaces of the carbon members prior to soldering such surfaces together with a metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au, alloys thereof and similar metals.
  • the process embodiment of the invention is advanta geously carried out in such a manner that the portions of the carbon members which form the joining or sealing surfaces are soldered together in a vacuum or protective gas atmosphere while having solder positioned therebetween.
  • the process may also be carried out by combining the other portions of an electric discharge vessel at the same time the carbon members are sealed together.
  • solders having the same or different melting temperatures may be used at the various surfaces being soldered.
  • a carbon cylinder 1 is provided with a' closed end, as at base 4.
  • the inner surface of the cylinder 1 is coated with a rhenium layer 3, as by a reducing deposition process which provides a solid protective layer of rhenium on the carbon surface.
  • a second carbon cylinder 2, likewise having a closed end as at base 5 concentrically fits within the cylinder 1.
  • the outer surface of cylinder 2 is provided with a rhenium coating 3'. The cylinder 2 fits fairly snugly within the cylinder 1 so that the adjacent surfaces of the cylinders are readily solderable.
  • a solder supply such as a relatively thick Cu-disc 6, is placed at a select location (such as between the bases 4 and 5) between adjacent surfaces of the cylinders.
  • a metal cylinder 7 which forms a part of a discharge vessel wall.
  • the two carbon cylinders are soldered together in a vacuum or a protective gas atmosphere by melting the solder. i.e. copper, and causing the molten solder, as by capillary forces and/or the pressure exerted by the inner cylinder 2, to flow into contact with all adjacent solderable surfaces between the cylinders and form a gas-impermeable metal layer 8 joining such cylinders to one another via the rhenium layers.
  • fluidized solid material may be caused to flow from an outside reservoir arranged at a suitable height, for example, by its own weight, into the space or separating line between the cylinders or a portion of the solder may be provided from an outside source and a portion provided between the cylinders.
  • the solder is preferably a pure metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, similar metals and their alloys.
  • select portions of solder are positioned at various solderable surfaces and each of the solder portions may be composed of different solder materials having differing soldering temperatures for joining or soldering the different surfaces.
  • the plurality of solder portions may also be composed of identical solder materials or of solder materials having substantially identical soldering temperatures.
  • a carbon body may be produced having a small cavity for the absorption of a beam current with an inner surface which can withstand a high temperature, above the melting point of the solder since a temperature gradient occurs throughout the body wall and the temperature drops below the melting point of the solder, which in the case of Cu is l084 C.. before reaching the gas-impermeable metal layer and yet the body has a high radiation ability since its outer surface is uncoated carbon.
  • a gas-impermeable member comprising a collector electrode which forms a housing wall portion in a high capacity electric discharge vessel, said member being comprised of at least two substantially permanently joined body members composed of carbon and having adjacent contacting surfaces;
  • a layer of a metal solder composed of a metal selected from the group consisting of Cu. Ag, Au and alloys thereof on said rhenium layers whereby a gas-impermeable seal is defined between said carbon body members.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
US391459A 1972-09-08 1973-08-24 Vacuum - tight carbon bodies Expired - Lifetime US3878425A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19722244267 DE2244267C3 (de) 1972-09-08 Gasundurchlässiger Kohlekörper und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3878425A true US3878425A (en) 1975-04-15

Family

ID=5855858

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US391459A Expired - Lifetime US3878425A (en) 1972-09-08 1973-08-24 Vacuum - tight carbon bodies

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3878425A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2198909B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1397852A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT993112B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4350744A (en) * 1980-12-12 1982-09-21 United Technologies Corporation Metallic solder composite bonding
US4358512A (en) * 1980-12-12 1982-11-09 United Technologies Corporation Metal-composite bonding
US4398659A (en) * 1980-12-12 1983-08-16 United Technologies Corporation Metal-composite bonding
US5209388A (en) * 1991-09-26 1993-05-11 Allied-Signal Inc. Process for bonding carbonaceous bodies
US10094498B2 (en) * 2014-03-13 2018-10-09 Frederick M. Mako, JR. Method for joining ceramics to ceramics or ceramics to metals, and apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19838553B4 (de) 1998-08-25 2010-08-12 Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) Gmbh Faraday-Auffänger zur Messung von Ionenströmen in Massenspektrometern

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US896429A (en) * 1906-12-22 1908-08-18 Winthrop Chanler Electrode for electric furnaces.
US2154278A (en) * 1936-10-16 1939-04-11 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Carbon exterior anode
US2599179A (en) * 1949-07-14 1952-06-03 Kellogg M W Co Furnace electrode
US2835967A (en) * 1952-11-05 1958-05-27 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Method of producing a solderable metallic coating on a ceramic body and of solderingto the coating
US3591822A (en) * 1967-12-13 1971-07-06 Siemens Ag Electric discharge vessel electrode structure of pyrolytic carbon discs

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE916087C (de) * 1936-03-20 1954-08-02 Aeg Verfahren zum vakuumdichten Verbinden von Keramikteilen
US3122424A (en) * 1961-12-13 1964-02-25 King L D Percival Graphite bonding method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US896429A (en) * 1906-12-22 1908-08-18 Winthrop Chanler Electrode for electric furnaces.
US2154278A (en) * 1936-10-16 1939-04-11 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Carbon exterior anode
US2599179A (en) * 1949-07-14 1952-06-03 Kellogg M W Co Furnace electrode
US2835967A (en) * 1952-11-05 1958-05-27 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Method of producing a solderable metallic coating on a ceramic body and of solderingto the coating
US3591822A (en) * 1967-12-13 1971-07-06 Siemens Ag Electric discharge vessel electrode structure of pyrolytic carbon discs

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4350744A (en) * 1980-12-12 1982-09-21 United Technologies Corporation Metallic solder composite bonding
US4358512A (en) * 1980-12-12 1982-11-09 United Technologies Corporation Metal-composite bonding
US4398659A (en) * 1980-12-12 1983-08-16 United Technologies Corporation Metal-composite bonding
US5209388A (en) * 1991-09-26 1993-05-11 Allied-Signal Inc. Process for bonding carbonaceous bodies
US10094498B2 (en) * 2014-03-13 2018-10-09 Frederick M. Mako, JR. Method for joining ceramics to ceramics or ceramics to metals, and apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2198909A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-04-05
FR2198909B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-05-13
GB1397852A (en) 1975-06-18
IT993112B (it) 1975-09-30
DE2244267B2 (de) 1976-02-19
DE2244267A1 (de) 1974-03-28

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