US3874155A - Flame-retardant fiber blend - Google Patents

Flame-retardant fiber blend Download PDF

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Publication number
US3874155A
US3874155A US328043A US32804373A US3874155A US 3874155 A US3874155 A US 3874155A US 328043 A US328043 A US 328043A US 32804373 A US32804373 A US 32804373A US 3874155 A US3874155 A US 3874155A
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flame
retardant
fabrics
fibers
compound
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US328043A
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William N Knopka
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FMC Corp
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FMC Corp
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Priority to US328043A priority Critical patent/US3874155A/en
Priority to US05/385,572 priority patent/US4059546A/en
Priority to US385573A priority patent/US3874157A/en
Priority to NL7400823A priority patent/NL7400823A/xx
Priority to DE2402803A priority patent/DE2402803A1/de
Priority to IT19852/74A priority patent/IT1007113B/it
Priority to FR7402908A priority patent/FR2215491A1/fr
Priority to JP49011952A priority patent/JPS49107397A/ja
Priority to JP49011950A priority patent/JPS49102950A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3874155A publication Critical patent/US3874155A/en
Priority to US05/806,979 priority patent/US4101528A/en
Assigned to KELLOGG CREDIT CORPORATION A DE CORP. reassignment KELLOGG CREDIT CORPORATION A DE CORP. AGREEMENT WHEREBY SAID HELLER AND RAYONIER RELEASES ALL MORTGAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS HELD BY AVTEX ON APRIL 28, 1978, AND JAN. 11, 1979, RESPECTIVELY AND ASSIGNS ITS ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORT-AGAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE (SEE RECORD FOR DETAILS) Assignors: AVTEX FIBERS INC., A NY CORP., ITT RAYONIER INCORPORATED, A DE CORP., WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC. A NY CORP.
Assigned to WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. reassignment WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. AGREEMENT WHEREBY AETNA RELEASES AVTEX FROM ALL MORTAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS IN SAID INVENTIONS AS OF JANUARY 11,1979, AND ASSIGNS TO ASSIGNEE THE ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORTAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE (SEE RECORDS FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AETNA BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., A CORP. OF N.Y., AVTEX FIBERS, INC, A CORP. OF NY, KELLOGG CREDIT CORP., A CORP. OF DEL.
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/667—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing phosphorus in the main chain
    • D06M15/673—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing phosphorus in the main chain containing phosphorus and nitrogen in the main chain
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
    • C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
    • C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
    • C08G63/185—Acids containing aromatic rings containing two or more aromatic rings
    • C08G63/187—Acids containing aromatic rings containing two or more aromatic rings containing condensed aromatic rings
    • C08G63/189—Acids containing aromatic rings containing two or more aromatic rings containing condensed aromatic rings containing a naphthalene ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
    • C08G63/682—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing halogens
    • C08G63/6824—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing halogens derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/6826—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
    • C08G63/688—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing sulfur
    • C08G63/6884—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing sulfur derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/6886—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G79/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G79/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing phosphorus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G79/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G79/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing phosphorus
    • C08G79/025—Polyphosphazenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/02—Halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C08K5/03—Halogenated hydrocarbons aromatic, e.g. C6H5-CH2-Cl
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L85/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage in the main chain of the macromolecule containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L85/02—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage in the main chain of the macromolecule containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers containing phosphorus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/07—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making fire- or flame-proof filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
    • D01F2/08—Composition of the spinning solution or the bath
    • D01F2/10—Addition to the spinning solution or spinning bath of substances which exert their effect equally well in either
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
    • D01F6/84—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/08—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/207—Substituted carboxylic acids, e.g. by hydroxy or keto groups; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/21—Halogenated carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
    • D06M13/232—Organic carbonates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/507—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/53—Polyethers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/904—Flame retardant

Definitions

  • polyester fibers which has good physical properties and high flame-retardancy are most critical for yarn and fabric blends of polyester fibers and cellulosic fibers.
  • Polyestercellulosic fiber blends provide textile fabrics having the highly desirable wear characteristics of polyester fabrics with highly desirable comfort characteristics of cellulosic fabrics.
  • Polyester fibers are thermoplastic and when exposed to a flame, burn and melt away from the flame, thus extinguishing themselves. If polyester fibers are blended with flammable cellulosic fibers and exposed to a flame, the polyester is more likely to continue burning even when melting since the burning cellulose fiber continuously ignites it.
  • polyester fibers are blended with flameretardant cellulosic fibers and the blend ignited, the flame-retardant cellulosic fibers burn only in the area of flame contact. However. the flame-retardant cellu losic fiber prevents the polyester fiber from shrinking and dripping away from the flame and the polyester continues to burn.
  • Polyesters as employed herein have reference to fiberforming polymers of glycols and dicarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, and combinations thereof.
  • the organic halogen compound is heat stable up to a temperature of at least the melt temperature of the polyester resin and preferably to at least 300C. At the ignition temperature of the polyester resin, bromine or chlorine is liberated from the compound to provide flame-retardancy. If desired, more than one bromine or chlorine compound can be employed in combination as long as the total halogen content is at least 40% based on the weight of the total halogenated compounds employed. It is preferred that the organic halogen compound or compounds are present in the composition in an amount sufficient to provide from at least 5 up to about 25% halogen, more preferably from about 10 to about 20%, based on the weight of the polyester resin. Aromatic bromine compounds are preferred based on their generally better flame-retardant performance.
  • halogen compounds useful for this invention are included in the following formula:
  • X is chlorine or bromine
  • Y is -R, -OR, or -OROR
  • R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to l0 carbon atoms, an aryl radical having from 6 to 24 atoms, an aralkyl radical having from 6 to 16 atoms and the halides thereof
  • R is an alkylene radical having from l to 6 carbon atoms
  • n and m are positive integers satisfying the expression 6 m a l, 5 2 n z 0.
  • halogen compounds useful for this invention include polybrominated diphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polybrominated diphenyl carbonates, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic-imide, tetrabromobisphenol A difatty acid ester, tetrabromobisphenol S di-fatty acid ester, hexabromobenzene, polybrominated poly (pentaerythritol) (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,700,625), polybrominated carbonates containing neopentyl groups (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,688,001), brominated polyethers (see U.S. Pat.
  • the compounds are used alone or in combination to supply the required amount of halogen for the composition.
  • the compounds contain at least by weight of bromine or chlorine in order to permit the incorporation of less of the organic halogenated compound in the polyester resin composition for optimum flame-retardancy and physical properties.
  • a metal compound from the group including antimony oxides, e.g., antimony trioxide; antimony salts of a-hydroxycarboxylic or a, B-dicarboxylic acid, zinc oxide and alumina, is also included in the resin composition, if desired, in an amount sufficient to provide improved flame-retardancy, generally in amounts ranging from about 3% to about 60%, preferably 7 to 35% ofthe metal, based on the weight of the halogen present. Combinations of these compounds are also employed either alone or on supports, e.g., a mixture of antimony trioxide and alumina on silica gel.
  • flameretarding materials which will not detrimentally affect the polyester, can be used in conjunction with the halogen compound in amounts sufficient to improve the flame-retardant property of the fibers.
  • flameretardant phosphorous compounds useful for this invention include polyphosphonates (see W. R. Sorenson and T. W. Campbell, Preparative Methods of Polymer Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Wiley Interscience, New York, pages U.S.), organic phosphine oxide- Lewis acid complexes (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,600,350), pentaerythritol phosphites (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,412,051), cyclic phosphites and phosphates (see U.S. Pat.
  • the other ester units are usually derived from other diacids and diols and include, for example, terephthalic acid, bibenzoic acid, sulfoisophthalic acid, diphenoxyalkane dicarboxylic acids, malonic acid, glutaric acid, and the like; hydroxyalkoxybenzoic acids, adipic acid, and alkylene glycols having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, gem-dialkyl glycols, bis(hydroxymethyl)cyc1ohexane, diethylene glycol and the like.
  • the diacids and/or diols can be halogenated to provide additional flame-retardant properties for the resin.
  • polyester and copolyester resins used for this invention are those having an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.2 and preferably 0.4 (determined in a 60 weight phenol and 40 weight tetrachloroethane solution) at 30C.
  • the polyester resin of the fiber blend of this invention can have incorporated therein various additives for improving the resin properties including, for example, heat and ultraviolet light stabilizers, antioxidants, antistatic agents, plasticizers, dyes, pigments and the like along with the flame-retardant.
  • the physical mixture of polyester resin and flameretardant material is conventionally prepared by mixing the resin, the halogen containing organic compound and, preferably, a metal oxide to obtain a substantially homogeneous product.
  • the constituents can be premixed by tumbling, rolling or other mixing means and when fibers are produced by melt extrusion, a more homogeneous mass results during the processing.
  • the halogen containing compound, metal oxide or both can be injected into the polyester melt prior to spinning into fibers.
  • Polyester fibers or filaments are usually formed by melt extrusion of the resin composition through a multihole spinneret in a conventional manner.
  • the as-spun yarn is then conventionally oriented to produce textile yarn of the continuous filament or staple fiber type.
  • Flame-retardant cellulosic fibers preferably include cotton, rayon or cellulose acetate fibers which have been combined, impregnated or coated with flameretardant chemicals which provide substantially permanent flame-retardant properties therefor without degrading the physical properties of the fiber. That is, the cellulosic fibers or fabrics produced therefrom should be capable of withstanding periodic washing or cleaning with conventional dry cleaning solvents without losing much of their flame-retardant properties. Many flame-retardant treatments for cellulosic fibers are known and several have been found to produce substantially permanent fiame-retardancy. It is preferred,
  • One preferred form of this invention involves the use of the flame-retardant regenerated cellulose filaments or fibers described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,455,713. These fibers have been found to have excellent physical properties and permanent flame-retardancy. In brief, they are regenerated cellulose filaments having dispersed therein a substantially water-insoluble, liquid phosphonitrilate polymer having the general formula wherein R and R are the same or different alkyl or alkenyl radicals having from one to six carbon atoms and n is an integer of at least three.
  • These filaments are preferably prepared by incorporating a flame-retarding amount of the phosphonitrilate polymer in filament-forming viscose, and spinning and regenerating filaments.
  • the flameretardant cellulosic fibers are cellulose acetate fibers prepared by incorporating compounds such as tris- (2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate or similar compounds as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,321,330 into the acetate spinning dope and wet or dry spinning the fibers.
  • the blended or combined flame-retardant polyester and cellulosic fibers are used in various fiber and fabric constructions including, for example, spun staple yarns,
  • the flame-retardant polyester fibers and cellulose fibers described herein can also be blended with or combined in a fabric with normally flame-retardant fibers including, for example, glass fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, asbestos fibers, metal fibers, modacrylic fibers such as available under the trademark Dynel and Vere], and aromatic ring polyamide fibers such as available under the trademark Nomex.
  • the yarn or fabrics of this invention will generally contain from about to about 90, preferably about 20 to about 80 weight of the flame-retardant polyester fibers and about 90 to about 10, preferably about 80 to about 20 weight of the flame-retardant cellulosic fibers.
  • EXAMPLE A resin composition or mixture A was prepared by dry mixing 139.2 grams of poly(ethylene-2,6- naphthalene dicarboxylate) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.42 with 9.0 grams of octabromobiphenyl (6.5% based on the weight of the polyester, 5.0% bromine based on the weight of the resin) and 1.8 grams of anti mony trioxide (20% based on the weight of the octabromobiphenyl).
  • This mixture was charged to a 150 cc. vertical cone reactor equipped with a 10 hole spinneret at the bottom. The mixture was heated at 290295C. with stirring for minutes, pressurized under p.s.i. of nitrogen and spun into a yarn of 254 denier per 10 filaments.
  • the yarn was drawn at a ratio of 5.0 to 1.0 with the input godet and the platens at 121C. and the output godet at ambient temperature.
  • the yarn was designated yarn A.
  • This drawn yarn was plied with a flame-retardant regenerated cellulose yarn to provide a yarn blend of 50 parts by weight of polyester and 50 parts by weight of flame-retardant regenerated cellulose (rayon).
  • a knitted fabric of this yarn blend was designated Fabric A.
  • a polyethylene terephthalate yarn containing the same amount of octabromobiphenyl and antimony trioxide was prepared as mixture B.
  • This mixture was charged to the same 150 cc. vertical cone reactors-spinning unit. The mixture was heated at 280C. with stirring for 15 minutes, pressurized under nitrogen and spun into a yarn of 258 denier per 10 filaments. The yarn was drawn at a temperature of 121C. and at a ratio of 3.96 to 1.0. (70% of breakdraw ratio). This yarn was designated yarn B.
  • a yarn blend of this polyester yarn B was prepared in the same manner as above to provide a yarn of 50 parts by weight of polyester and 50 parts by weight of flame-retardant rayon.
  • a knitted fabric of this yarn blend was designated Fabric B.
  • the flame-retardant regenerated cellulose yarn referred to above in both cases was prepared in accordance with the teaching of US. Pat. No. 3,455,713 to Godfrey and provided regenerated cellulose filaments having about 15% of liquid polymer of di-n-propyl phosphonitrilate dispersed therein.
  • the yarn blends were each knitted to a fabric of the same construction on a Lawson knitting machine.
  • the flammability of the test fabrics were quantitatively determined using the flammability testing apparatus as defined by the United States Department of Commerce Standard FF 3-71.
  • the fabrics Table l Fabric Vertical Flammability LOI Test (3 second bone dry) A 3 samples, I sec. AF, 25.7
  • organic bromine compound is selected from the group consisting of polybromodiphenyl ether and polybromodiphenyl.
  • a metal compound selected from the group consisting of antimony oxides, antimony salts of a-hydroxycarboxylic or a,B-dicarboxylic acid, zinc oxide and alumina and mixtures thereof in an amount sufficient to further improve the flameretardant property of the polyester fiber.
  • polyester resin is the homopolymer of ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate.
  • flame-retardant cellulosic fibers are cellulose acetate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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US328043A 1973-01-30 1973-01-30 Flame-retardant fiber blend Expired - Lifetime US3874155A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US328043A US3874155A (en) 1973-01-30 1973-01-30 Flame-retardant fiber blend
US05/385,572 US4059546A (en) 1973-01-30 1973-08-03 Textile fiber blend comprising cellulosic fibers and ethylene 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate-halogenated comonomers copolyester fibers
US385573A US3874157A (en) 1973-01-30 1973-08-03 Flame-retardant fiber blend
NL7400823A NL7400823A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-01-30 1974-01-22
DE2402803A DE2402803A1 (de) 1973-01-30 1974-01-22 Flammhemmende, zellulosefasern enthaltende garne und textilien
IT19852/74A IT1007113B (it) 1973-01-30 1974-01-25 Fibra mista ritardante la fiamma
FR7402908A FR2215491A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-01-30 1974-01-29
JP49011952A JPS49107397A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-01-30 1974-01-30
JP49011950A JPS49102950A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-01-30 1974-01-30
US05/806,979 US4101528A (en) 1973-01-30 1977-06-16 Copolyesters of ethylene 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate and halogenated comonomers

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US328043A US3874155A (en) 1973-01-30 1973-01-30 Flame-retardant fiber blend

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US05/385,572 Continuation-In-Part US4059546A (en) 1973-01-30 1973-08-03 Textile fiber blend comprising cellulosic fibers and ethylene 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate-halogenated comonomers copolyester fibers
US05/806,979 Continuation-In-Part US4101528A (en) 1973-01-30 1977-06-16 Copolyesters of ethylene 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate and halogenated comonomers

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JP (1) JPS49102950A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE2402803A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2215491A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
IT (1) IT1007113B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NL (1) NL7400823A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4046724A (en) * 1973-12-17 1977-09-06 Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha Fireproof polyester composition
US4059546A (en) * 1973-01-30 1977-11-22 Avtex Fibers Inc. Textile fiber blend comprising cellulosic fibers and ethylene 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate-halogenated comonomers copolyester fibers
US4092299A (en) * 1976-06-23 1978-05-30 Monsanto Company High draw ratio polyester feed yarn and its draw texturing
US4174328A (en) * 1978-08-16 1979-11-13 Velsicol Chemical Corporation Flame retarded non-woven textile material comprised of flame retardant and vinyl chloride latex
US5073581A (en) * 1989-04-13 1991-12-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Spinnable dopes for making oriented, shaped articles of lyotropic polysaccharide/thermally-consolidatable polymer blends
US5208105A (en) * 1984-10-05 1993-05-04 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flame-retarded composite fiber
US5313774A (en) * 1989-05-24 1994-05-24 Teijin Limited Blended synthetic short fiber yarn fabric
US5348796A (en) * 1984-10-05 1994-09-20 Kanegafuchi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flame-retarded composite fiber
AU678046B2 (en) * 1993-08-09 1997-05-15 Eastman Chemical Company Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid containing polymer/halogen compound compositions having reduced fluorescence
US5760161A (en) * 1997-02-10 1998-06-02 Albemarle Corporation Process for making unsaturated, thermosetting, brominated phthalic anhydride/polyol polyester resins
WO2006008738A1 (en) * 2004-07-19 2006-01-26 Bromine Compounds Ltd. Synthesis of aromatic polyhalogenated halomethyl compounds
US20060201128A1 (en) * 2002-07-31 2006-09-14 Christian Paire Fireproof composite yarn comprising three types of fibers
EP3094676A4 (en) * 2014-01-17 2018-01-24 QED Labs Inc Articles with improved flame retardancy and/or melt dripping properties
US11124900B2 (en) * 2019-02-26 2021-09-21 Donghua University Method for preparing flame-retardant cellulosic fibers

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2456724C3 (de) * 1974-11-30 1982-04-08 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Schwerentflammbares Mischgarn sowie dessen Verwendung für Textilbahnen daraus

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US3110547A (en) * 1961-07-26 1963-11-12 Du Pont Polymerization process
US3265762A (en) * 1962-10-24 1966-08-09 Du Pont Segmented linear copolyesters of 2, 5-disubstituted terephthalic acids
US3480582A (en) * 1966-02-17 1969-11-25 American Cyanamid Co Fire-resistant fiber blends
US3483157A (en) * 1967-10-16 1969-12-09 Eastman Kodak Co Method of preventing rearrangement of blocked copolyesters
US3558557A (en) * 1966-10-10 1971-01-26 Sandoz Ltd Copolyesters,their production and uses
US3572397A (en) * 1968-12-27 1971-03-23 Uniroyal Inc Noncombustion-supporting fabric
US3732683A (en) * 1971-03-25 1973-05-15 Fmc Corp Regenerated cellulose filaments containing a flame-retardant phosphonitrilate polymer and an organic phosphate salt to reduce filament to metal friction
US3744534A (en) * 1972-04-12 1973-07-10 Us Army Protective clothing fabric
US3763644A (en) * 1972-05-09 1973-10-09 Eastman Kodak Co Flame retardant textiles
US3775374A (en) * 1972-06-05 1973-11-27 Du Pont Thermoplastic copolyetheresters based on 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid
US3794617A (en) * 1972-03-15 1974-02-26 Emery Industries Inc Copolyester fiber compositions having improved flame retardant properties

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3110547A (en) * 1961-07-26 1963-11-12 Du Pont Polymerization process
US3265762A (en) * 1962-10-24 1966-08-09 Du Pont Segmented linear copolyesters of 2, 5-disubstituted terephthalic acids
US3480582A (en) * 1966-02-17 1969-11-25 American Cyanamid Co Fire-resistant fiber blends
US3558557A (en) * 1966-10-10 1971-01-26 Sandoz Ltd Copolyesters,their production and uses
US3483157A (en) * 1967-10-16 1969-12-09 Eastman Kodak Co Method of preventing rearrangement of blocked copolyesters
US3572397A (en) * 1968-12-27 1971-03-23 Uniroyal Inc Noncombustion-supporting fabric
US3732683A (en) * 1971-03-25 1973-05-15 Fmc Corp Regenerated cellulose filaments containing a flame-retardant phosphonitrilate polymer and an organic phosphate salt to reduce filament to metal friction
US3794617A (en) * 1972-03-15 1974-02-26 Emery Industries Inc Copolyester fiber compositions having improved flame retardant properties
US3744534A (en) * 1972-04-12 1973-07-10 Us Army Protective clothing fabric
US3763644A (en) * 1972-05-09 1973-10-09 Eastman Kodak Co Flame retardant textiles
US3775374A (en) * 1972-06-05 1973-11-27 Du Pont Thermoplastic copolyetheresters based on 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4059546A (en) * 1973-01-30 1977-11-22 Avtex Fibers Inc. Textile fiber blend comprising cellulosic fibers and ethylene 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate-halogenated comonomers copolyester fibers
US4046724A (en) * 1973-12-17 1977-09-06 Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha Fireproof polyester composition
US4092299A (en) * 1976-06-23 1978-05-30 Monsanto Company High draw ratio polyester feed yarn and its draw texturing
US4174328A (en) * 1978-08-16 1979-11-13 Velsicol Chemical Corporation Flame retarded non-woven textile material comprised of flame retardant and vinyl chloride latex
US5506042A (en) * 1984-10-05 1996-04-09 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flame-retarded bedding product
US5208105A (en) * 1984-10-05 1993-05-04 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flame-retarded composite fiber
US5348796A (en) * 1984-10-05 1994-09-20 Kanegafuchi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flame-retarded composite fiber
US5503916A (en) * 1984-10-05 1996-04-02 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flame-retarded clothing
US5503915A (en) * 1984-10-05 1996-04-02 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flame retarded interior good
US5073581A (en) * 1989-04-13 1991-12-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Spinnable dopes for making oriented, shaped articles of lyotropic polysaccharide/thermally-consolidatable polymer blends
US5313774A (en) * 1989-05-24 1994-05-24 Teijin Limited Blended synthetic short fiber yarn fabric
AU678046B2 (en) * 1993-08-09 1997-05-15 Eastman Chemical Company Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid containing polymer/halogen compound compositions having reduced fluorescence
US5760161A (en) * 1997-02-10 1998-06-02 Albemarle Corporation Process for making unsaturated, thermosetting, brominated phthalic anhydride/polyol polyester resins
US20060201128A1 (en) * 2002-07-31 2006-09-14 Christian Paire Fireproof composite yarn comprising three types of fibers
WO2006008738A1 (en) * 2004-07-19 2006-01-26 Bromine Compounds Ltd. Synthesis of aromatic polyhalogenated halomethyl compounds
US20070205403A1 (en) * 2004-07-19 2007-09-06 Bromine Compounds Ltd. Synthesis of Aromatic Polyhalogenated Halomethyl Compounds
US7601774B2 (en) 2004-07-19 2009-10-13 Bromine Compounds Ltd. Synthesis of aromatic polyhalogenated halomethyl compounds
EP3094676A4 (en) * 2014-01-17 2018-01-24 QED Labs Inc Articles with improved flame retardancy and/or melt dripping properties
US11306414B2 (en) 2014-01-17 2022-04-19 Qed Labs Inc. Articles with improved flame retardancy and/or melt dripping properties
US11124900B2 (en) * 2019-02-26 2021-09-21 Donghua University Method for preparing flame-retardant cellulosic fibers

Also Published As

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JPS49102950A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-09-28
NL7400823A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-08-01
DE2402803A1 (de) 1974-08-01
FR2215491A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-08-23
IT1007113B (it) 1976-10-30

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Effective date: 19800326