US3874003A - Artificial hip joint - Google Patents

Artificial hip joint Download PDF

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Publication number
US3874003A
US3874003A US347621A US34762173A US3874003A US 3874003 A US3874003 A US 3874003A US 347621 A US347621 A US 347621A US 34762173 A US34762173 A US 34762173A US 3874003 A US3874003 A US 3874003A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
hip joint
artificial hip
ball head
artificial
femur
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US347621A
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Moser
Kurt Karpf
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Oscobal AG
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Oscobal AG
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2/4609—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of acetabular cups
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    • A61B17/1664—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip
    • A61B17/1668—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip for the upper femur
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    • A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30537—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable
    • A61F2002/30538—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable for adjusting angular orientation
    • A61F2002/3054—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable for adjusting angular orientation about a connection axis or implantation axis for selecting any one of a plurality of radial orientations between two modular parts, e.g. Morse taper connections, at discrete positions, angular positions or continuous positions
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    • A61F2/40—Joints for shoulders
    • A61F2/4014—Humeral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic humeral shafts
    • A61F2002/4037—Connections of heads to necks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2002/4619—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof for extraction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2002/4631—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor the prosthesis being specially adapted for being cemented
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/0033—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementary-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0028—Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
    • A61F2230/0058—X-shaped
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00029—Cobalt-based alloys, e.g. Co-Cr alloys or Vitallium

Definitions

  • A61F l/00 tools for fixing the socket in the pelvis in a proper po- [58] Field of Search....3/ 1; 128/92 C, 92 CA, 92 R, sition particularly determined by bores taking up said 128/92 BA, 92 BB, 83 pins, and the ball head may be located in different positions on a pin of the femur shank and is secured [56] References Cited from unintentional twisting once it is mounted thereon UNITED STATES PATENTS final p 2,719,522 10/1955 Hudack 128/92 CA 21 Claims, 17 Drawing Figures PATENTEDAPR 1 I975 EHL .llllll-llll-Illllll' ll/ 2 I I ARTIFICIAL HIP JOINT BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • the present invention concerns an artificial hip joint.
  • artificial hip joints The purpose of artificial hip joints is the replacement of natural hip joints in order to return freedom of movement to a person with a diseased hip joint.
  • Conventional artificial femur heads have a capitulum in contact with the acetabulum and a shank portion intended for insertion into the medullar cavity of the femur; a demountable joint being provided between the capitulum and the shank part.
  • Another known embodiment comprises a rod-like portion and an enlarged portion and a ball head which is intended to be provided on the top of the remainder femur by a supporting surface and the center of the ball head is disposed externally of the longitudinal axis of the stem.
  • the ball head is provided on a neck part and the plane through the center of the ball head and the supporting surface, viewed in the direction of the narrow side of the artificial joint to the center plane of the flat stem, subtends an angle, and that the supporting surface on the underside of the neck member, viewed in the direction of the wide side of the artificial joint, is arranged perpendicularly to the said plane through the middle of the ball head, whilst the lower rod-like part of the shank is approximately twice as long as its enlarged part.
  • the ball In conventional artificial joints, the ball is mounted on a cylindrical part. If, for any reason, the ball does not run freely in the socket, attrition occurs on account of the friction of the ball on the pin of the shank and is considerable because of the relatively small diameter of the pin leading rapidly to an unsteady connection. Furthermore, in a subsequent operation for replacing the artificial joint, there are often difficulties in extracting the rooted or cemented-in artificial joint, so that the operation takes a long time, a feature which has extremely harmful consequences on the patient.
  • total artificial hips are also known in which both parts of the joint, that is to say, both the ball and the socket, can be replaced.
  • both parts of the joint that is to say, both the ball and the socket.
  • difficulties arise which should not be neglected, since, due to the strong forces arising with the loading of the joints, the originally good joint surfaces become deformed or even damaged.
  • the resultant bad qualities or frictional characteristics of the joint make movement difficult, causing pain and the surrounding tissues may, due to the resultant products of attrition, tend to produce corresponding reactions and this may lead to the artificial joints having to be replaced in a further operation.
  • the plastics material socket was cemented into the pelvis.
  • the outer radius of the plastics material socket depends on the structure of the skeleton, just as its wall thickness depends on the loads to be expected. The consequence of this is that the inner radius and, therefore, the radius of the ball, are small, whereby, after a certain lapse of time the socket becomes worn out from friction, since the resultant forces exceed the resistance of the surface of the plastics material socket, and this naturally necessitates the replacement of the joint.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a total artificial hip joint having none of the disadvantages of conventional joints of this kind.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a hip joint which can be adjusted to the given conditions of the skeleton.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to construct an artificial hip joint in which all the individual parts are inserted into the body in a predetermined position.
  • a further object to be achieved by means of the present invention is to provide an artificial hip joint which can be easily and rapidly inserted.
  • Another object of the present invention is to indicate a method of operating for inserting the artificial hip joint.
  • an artificial hip joint comprising an artificial femur head with a femur body and ball head and a joint socket, in which the ball head is located on a pin of the femur shank and is secured against unintentional twisting by means of pegs which engage in depressions in the collar of the femur shank, and the joint socket has two pins which determine and secure its position in the pelvis.
  • a preferred embodiment of the artificial hip joint of the present invention is characterised in that the ball head has a ball neck extension on which the pegs are disposed.
  • the most important advantages of the present invention reside in the feature that it is possible to comply within very wide limits with the given conditions of the skeleton, since it is possible to copy the direction of the bones, medially, laterally, posteriorly and anteriorly, so that the ball head is mounted on the pins of the artificial femur head in the appropriate corresponding position.
  • the two pins of the socket are protected from small movements which could lead to subsequent loosening.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through part of a skeleton with inserted artificial joints, the right hip joint being replaced by an artificial femur head and a left hip joint by a total artificial hip according to the present invennon;
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the artificial femur head with a mounted ball head of this invention
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the artificial femur shank shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a section through a joint socket of the pres ent invention
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the socket shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is an alternative embodiment of the upper part of an artificial femur shank with an alternative mounting of the ball head according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows a view of a rasp used for shaping the medullar cavity in the femur shank
  • FIG. 8a shows a milling cutter associated with the rasp according to FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 9 is a section through a socket inserting device with mounted socket
  • FIG. 10 is a section through a drill gauge for drilling two holes in the acetabulum, in which the pins of the joint socket engage;
  • FIG. 10a is a plan view of the drill gauge according to FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 1 shows a pelvis l3 and two femurs 14 and 15, in which shanks 16 and 17 of artificial femur heads are inserted'in the medullar cavities 56 and 57.
  • the artificial femur heads are positioned on the surfaces 22 and 23 of the remaining part of the femurs by bearing surfaces 18 and 19 of collars 20 and 21.
  • the left side of FIG. 1 shows a right hip joint in which a ball head 24 extends directly into the natural socket 25 of the joint and co-operates therewith.
  • the right side of FIG. 1 shows a left hip joint which is replaced by a total artificial hip, since the natural socket is replaced by an artificial socket 26.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 shows in more detail how the artificial femur head is constructed.
  • the length of the shank 16 can be adapted in accordance with the dimension of the skeleton and the forces involved.
  • the bearing surface 18 has been considerably enlarged on the medial side.
  • the lateral reinforcement 27 on the shank minimises twisting in the femur 14.
  • the collar 20 is provided in its rear portion with a bore 28 serving to secure the possibly separated trochanter major in position again by means of anscienceling. Alternatively, in the event of infection, an extracting device can be engaged in this bore.
  • the collar 20 is provided with four depressions 29 on its side opposite to the shank 16 and the bearing surface 18, shown in plan in FIG. 3 and in a side elevation in FIG. 2.
  • the artificial femur shank 16 has, at the point of intersection of the depressions 29, a tapered pin 30, the axis 58 of which normally forms an angle of 126 with the axis of the shank.
  • the surface of the shank 16 is smooth or sand-blasted.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a hip socket 26 constructed in accordance with the present invention. Its shape, which is adapted as far as possible to that of the natural socket, is clearly shown.
  • Two pins 31 and 32 are provided which accurately secure the socket 26 in holes in the acetabulum and, may be considered as a special feature.
  • the two pins are each provided with a groove 34 through which excess cement can flow out during the cementing-in process.
  • Radially extending ribs 33 also serve to secure the position of the socket 26 in the pelvis 13.
  • the inner surface 35 of the socket 26 is not damaged in'any way by the use of the hip joint. Hence any replacement of the cemented-in socket 26, with all its disadvantages is completely unnecessary, except in the case of infections.
  • FIG. 2 shows another ball head 36 with a symmetrical neck extension 64 and a bore 65 which is slipped on the taper pin 30 of the femur shank.
  • FIG. 7 shows a ball head 37 with an asymmetrical neck extension 66 and a decentred bore 67, the axis 68 of which subtends, with the center line 69 of the ball head 37, an angle of between 5 and 15.
  • FIGS. 6a,b,c,d,e and f show the various basic directions of the axes of the hip joint which may be considered with the same artificial femur head, and also with a single total artificial hip without replacing any cemented-in artificial part. It is sufficient if the ball head 36, shown in FIG. 2, by means of which the normal direction shown in FIGS. 6a and 6d is achieved, is replaced by the ball head 37 shown in FIG. 7, a feature which can be realised without difficulty, since both ball heads 36 and 37 are simply slipped on the taper pin 30. The lateral direction, FIG. 6b, is obtained if the ball head 37 is slipped on the pin 30 so that the centre 61 of the ball is disposed above the axis 38 of the pin.
  • the medial direction, FIG. 6c is obtained if the same ball head 37 is slipped on the pin 30 so that the centre 61 of the ball is below the axis 58 of the pin.
  • the anterior and posterior directions are obtained with the same ball head 37 if the latter, as shown in FIGS. 6e and 6f, are slipped on the taper pin 30 sothat the centre 61 of the ball is disposed behind or in front of the axis 58 of the pin.
  • the artificial femur shank 16, shown in FIG. 2 is cemented-in, as is the socket 26.
  • cementingin involves undesirable side effects, heat development with the setting of the cement, monomer separation and also longterm effects which have not yet been completely explained, is is a great advantage if the use of bone cement can be abandoned.
  • the shank 16 is initially rasped approximately to the thickness A.
  • the residual bone material is rasped away by the teeth 39 of the shank 40 so that this material collects in the depressions between the teeth 39, a feature which may lead to adhesion of the artificial femur shank.
  • the artificial shank then becomes firmly rooted in the femur.
  • this artificial femur shank 40 corresponds in all other requirements to that according to FIGS. 2 and 3, since otherwise the replaceability of the individual ball heads would be placed in question.
  • the artificial hip joint of the present invention represents an artificial hip on a building block system, in which only the ball heads have to be replaced in order to obtain the most natural positions of the femur possible. It is obvious that extreme conditions of the bones can be further compensated by suitably adapted artificial femur shanks and sockets.
  • a rasp as shown in FIG. 8, is required, comprising a rasp member 41 and a handle slipped and fixed on a pin.
  • the medullar cavity 56 of the femur 14 is shaped with the rasp 41.
  • This rasp 41 should preferably have the same dimensions as the artificial femur shank 16, or thickness A of the shank 40.
  • the handle is removed and the rasp 60 left in the medullar cavity so that the surface B is flush with the stump of the femur neck.
  • the pin now projects above the bone.
  • the stump of the femur neck is milled accurately plane using a milling cutter as shown in FIG. 80 by way of this pin, and the correct anglefor the bearing surface 18 of the artificial shank is also accurately obtained thereby.
  • FIG. shows the drill gauge of the present invention for drilling the holes in the acetabulum. It has a spherical end 49, the shape of which approximately matches the shape of the socket part 26. After the introduction of the drill gauge in the initially milled acetabulum it is brought to the correct position (45 to the axis of the body and l020 anteversion) and fixed by means of the two small pins 52 and 53 which are axially displaceable and have points 62 and 63, which are hammered into the acetabulum. The depth of penetration of the pin is accurately determined by the stops 54, 55.
  • the two holes for receiving the pins 21 and 22 of the socket 26 are drilled in the acetabulum in this position by a special spiral drill through the holes C in the drill gauge.
  • the spiral drill is also provided with a stop so that the necessary drilling depth can be accurately observed. The position of the socket 26 is thus accurately determined.
  • a socket inserting device 42 may also be used with advantage, this device having a spherical end 43 of the shape of the inner surface 35 of the socket 26, or, in the form of the ball head 24, on which end 43 the socket 26 can be clamped. This is effected by means of an elastic holder 44 slipped over an edge 45 of the socket 26.
  • the handle 46 is pressed in the direction of the pelvis or towards the end 43, so that the socket 26 is pressed firmly into the acetabulum, the result of which is that the two pins 31 and 32 engage in the prepared holes in the acetabulum.
  • a part 48 is then drawn towards the handle 46 against the bias of a spring 47.
  • the holder 44 is removed from the end 43 so that it releases the edge 45 of the socket 46.
  • the socket 26 is thus inserted in the pelvis and the inserting device can be withdrawn.
  • the ball head 36 or 37 selected and positioned according to the condition of the skeleton, can be slipped on the taper pin 30. The actual insertion of the artificial hip joint is thus completed.
  • An artificial hip joint comprising an artificial femur head having a femur shank and ball head mounted thereon, and a socket, said femur shank having a support pin projecting from an upper end thereof and a collar about the base of said pin, said ball head having a bore which is disposed on said pin of the femur shank and is secured from unintentional twisting by pegs projecting axially at a face of the ball head for cooperative engagement with depressions in said collar of the femur shank, said bore of the ball head having an axis offset from a diameter line of the ball head, whereby said ball head may be disposed on said pin and fixed by said pegs and'depressions in various relative angular positions for selection of various positions of said ball head relatively to said femur shank.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
US347621A 1972-04-06 1973-04-04 Artificial hip joint Expired - Lifetime US3874003A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH485472A CH552383A (de) 1972-04-06 1972-04-06 Schenkelkopfprothese.

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US3874003A true US3874003A (en) 1975-04-01

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US (1) US3874003A (de)
CH (1) CH552383A (de)
DE (1) DE2220304C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2179166B1 (de)
SE (1) SE7304737L (de)

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US5007936A (en) * 1988-02-18 1991-04-16 Cemax, Inc. Surgical method for hip joint replacement
US5062854A (en) * 1988-10-07 1991-11-05 Pfizer Hospital Products Group Prosthetic device and method of implantation
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WO1992003991A1 (en) 1990-09-04 1992-03-19 Mikhail Wassef E Michael Femoral stem prosthesis with preapplied cement mantle
US5124106A (en) * 1991-03-25 1992-06-23 Zimmer, Inc. Method of making a femoral rasp
US5147408A (en) * 1988-10-07 1992-09-15 Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. Prosthetic device and method of implantation
US5169401A (en) * 1991-12-20 1992-12-08 Zimmer, Inc. Surgical reamer assembly
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US20030187514A1 (en) * 2002-03-26 2003-10-02 Mcminn Derek James Wallace Hip joint prosthesis
US20040030401A1 (en) * 2002-05-22 2004-02-12 Michel Hassler Conical coupling and prosthesis comprising such a coupling
US20040153063A1 (en) * 2003-02-04 2004-08-05 Harris Brian R. Acetabular impactor
US20050075735A1 (en) * 2000-04-10 2005-04-07 Berelsman Brian K. Method and apparatus for adjusting height and angle for a radial head
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US10390846B2 (en) 2002-06-10 2019-08-27 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Apparatus for and method of providing a hip replacement
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US11202668B2 (en) * 2016-01-11 2021-12-21 Kambiz Behzadi Prosthesis installation
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US11241248B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2022-02-08 Kambiz Behzadi Bone preparation apparatus and method
US11331069B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2022-05-17 Kambiz Behzadi Invasive sense measurement in prosthesis installation
US11375975B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2022-07-05 Kambiz Behzadi Quantitative assessment of implant installation
US11399946B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2022-08-02 Kambiz Behzadi Prosthesis installation and assembly
US11717310B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2023-08-08 Kambiz Behzadi Bone preparation apparatus and method
US11751807B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2023-09-12 Kambiz Behzadi Invasive sense measurement in prosthesis installation and bone preparation
US11969336B2 (en) 2018-10-08 2024-04-30 Kambiz Behzadi Connective tissue grafting
US11974876B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2024-05-07 Kambiz Behzadi Quantitative assessment of prosthesis press-fit fixation
US11974877B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2024-05-07 Kambiz Behzadi Quantitative assessment of implant bone preparation

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2179166A1 (de) 1973-11-16
DE2220304C3 (de) 1975-10-30
CH552383A (de) 1974-08-15
SE7304737L (de) 1973-10-08
DE2220304A1 (de) 1973-10-18
DE2220304B2 (de) 1975-03-27
FR2179166B1 (de) 1976-06-11

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