US3871895A - Method for preparing smears of biological liquids - Google Patents

Method for preparing smears of biological liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
US3871895A
US3871895A US375291A US37529173A US3871895A US 3871895 A US3871895 A US 3871895A US 375291 A US375291 A US 375291A US 37529173 A US37529173 A US 37529173A US 3871895 A US3871895 A US 3871895A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
ribbon
substrate
sample
smear
tape
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US375291A
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English (en)
Inventor
Stanford L Adler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer Corp
Original Assignee
Technicon Instruments Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technicon Instruments Corp filed Critical Technicon Instruments Corp
Priority to US375291A priority Critical patent/US3871895A/en
Priority to CA198,380A priority patent/CA1014059A/en
Priority to GB2163574A priority patent/GB1464968A/en
Priority to BE144479A priority patent/BE815220A/xx
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7406780,A priority patent/NL178034C/xx
Priority to IT68880/74A priority patent/IT1011977B/it
Priority to FR7421225A priority patent/FR2235364B1/fr
Priority to AU70447/74A priority patent/AU478589B2/en
Priority to CH874174A priority patent/CH575123A5/xx
Priority to DE19742430697 priority patent/DE2430697C3/de
Priority to SE7408516A priority patent/SE400389B/xx
Priority to JP7347674A priority patent/JPS5717461B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3871895A publication Critical patent/US3871895A/en
Assigned to TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION reassignment TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: REVGROUP PANTRY MIRROR CORP.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/2813—Producing thin layers of samples on a substrate, e.g. smearing, spinning-on
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
    • Y10T436/110833—Utilizing a moving indicator strip or tape

Definitions

  • Further steps include introducing a relatively small quantity of the aforementioned substance between the aforementioned ribbon surface portion and the substrate at the substance-applying station to spread by capillarity in a direction transversely of the ribbon, and moving the substrate in a direction to smear the substance on the substrate.
  • smears be prepared by a spinning process, and apparatus for carrying out such process has been commercially available.
  • the process is one of centrifuging on a microscope slide a volume of biological fluid such as blood for a period sufficient to spread the specimen over a portion of the slide.
  • a volume of biological fluid such as blood
  • This may be a drawback as previously indicated.
  • Another drawback in such use of spinners ' is that an excess of aliquid specimen such as blood is spun off the slide to spray the environment such as ambient air and also splatter the inner wall surface of the spinner.
  • Such blood specimens may carry infectious diseases, and hence the required cleanup operation of such spinners after use may be hazardous.
  • One object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for preparing superior smears of biological substances for microscopic examination. Another object is to provide method and apparatus for preparing smears of the quality characterized above which is readily automated. Still another object is to provide such technique and apparatus which has a futher advantage that any excess of biological specimens not adhering to the substrate for the smear may be easily confined and collected for simple disposal and greater safety for users of the apparatus.
  • a method and apparatus for preparing a smear of a biological fluid substance on a substrate utilizing a ribbon having relatively small openings in at least one surface thereof which openings are of substantially uniform size and are arranged substantially uniformly both longitudinally and transversely of the ribbon throughout at least a portion of the ribbon.
  • the method contemplates the steps of supporting the substrate for movement and supporting the ribbon by a support in close proximity to the substrate at a substance-applying station, for a run of the ribbon past a portion of the substrate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of apparatus for the preparation and treatment of smears of biological liquids or suspensions on a substrate and embodying the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view illustrating the substance-applying station of the apparatus
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 taken on line 3-3 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but showing a later step in the operation of the apparatus; and 7
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, broken plan view illustrating a smear prepared in accordance with the invention on a substrate therefor.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings there is shown a source 10 of biological fluid samples.
  • the samples may be a series of different discrete blood samples, each of which samples being separately supported and confined in a cup 12 of a series of cups supported on a motor-driven turntable 14 of a sampler.
  • a conventional movable probe 16 provided on support 18 for movement of the probe into the cup then indexed therewith foraspiration of the sample and then into the liquid within a wash receptacle 20 for aspiration of the wash liquid before the probe 16 enters the next sample cup after movement of the turntable 14.
  • the probe 16 Aspirates air and the resultant sample stream flowing from the probe 16 is segmented by segments of air and wash liquid which segmentation of the sample stream preserves the integrity of the different samples, all of which is conventional in continuous-flow wetchemical analysis equipment of the automated type.
  • the segmented stream flowing from the probe 16 is conveyed therefrom through the coupled inlet end of a compressible pump tube 22 under the action of a pump 24 which may be of conventional peristaltic type.
  • the pump tube 22 has the outlet end thereof connected to the inlet end of a metal tube 26 of cannula size having a free outlet end and provided-with a stationary support as by a bracket 28.
  • a similar tube 30 having an inlet end along side and preferably flush with the outlet end of the tube 26 as shown.
  • a compressible pump tube 32 which tube extends through a pinch valve 34 which is electrically operated.
  • the compressible tube 32 extends from the valve 34 through the pump 24.
  • the construction and arrangement is such that when the pinch valve 34 is open the sample stream discharged by the tube 26 flows into the tube 30 for flow through the pump 24 for disposal as to waste or, if desired, to some other analysis station (not shown) for an additional and different type of analysis of each sample.
  • the tube 26 is washed between samples by the wash segments of the stream.
  • the operation of the motor-driven turntable l4 and the movements of the probe 16 associated with the sampler are controlled as shown from a programmer 35 through a lead 36, and the operation of the valve 34 is controlled from the programmer 35 through a lead 38.
  • the control of the valve 34 is such that, for a time period during the flow of each sample from the tube 26, the valve 34 is closed so that there is no aspiration through the tube 30 and a volume of the liquid specimen drops by gravity from the discharge end of the tube 26 at the substance-applying station of the apparatus, designated generally at 40.
  • the aspirated volume of each sample may be of the order of approximately 160 microliters, and the volume of sample dispensed at the substance-applying station 40 to fall freely from the discharge end of the tube 26 may be of the order of approximately 27 microliters.
  • This dispensed volume may be in the form of a droplet of blood.
  • the dispensed volume of sample falls on a ribbon 42, the volume falling in the illustrated form on a portion of the ribbon 42 backed by a platen 44.
  • the platen 44 which has an arcuate surface over which the ribbon 42 runs when driven, is mounted in fixed position by a suitable support not shown.
  • the platen 44 may be structured as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 so that the greater part thereof is of cylindrical form.
  • the platen may take the form ofa stationary rod.
  • the portion of the ribbon 42 backed by the platen 44 cooperates with a substrate to receive the biological smear, which substrate is shown as being continuous and is structured of a tape 46 which lies in a path over a tape support 48 below the platen 44.
  • the ribbon 42 is supplied from a suitably supported supply spool .50 and is guided, when driven, by guides 52 and 54.
  • a motor-driven take-up spool 56 is provided for the ribbon 42 and the spool is preferably housed in a box cover 58 and is disposable therewith to very effectively inhibit contamination to the user by any infectious diseases which may be carried by that portion of each blood specimen remaining on the ribbon 42 after the preparation of smears from those samples.
  • the driving motor of the spool 56 is controlled by a lead 60 from the programmer 35.
  • the preferred operation of the apparatus is such that after the deposit on the ribbon 42, while the pinch valve 34 is open and the tape 46 is stationary, the ribbon 42 is driven a distance sufficient to carry the sample,'which may have some flow on the ribbon, to a position extending between the ribbon 42 and the tape 46 as shown'in FIG. 4.
  • the ribbon 42 carrying the sample preferably has contact with the tape 46 although if relatively thick smears are desired the ribbon 42 may be out of contact with the tape 46.
  • the ribbon 42 having a thickness of approximately 0.002 inch, may be structured of metal but it has been found more convenient and less expensive to form it of non-metallic fibers which may be woven or non-woven.
  • a ribbon woven of nylon fibers has been found to be more than adequate for the purpose with the warp and weft fibers thereof forming interstices in the ribbon of approximately 50 by 50 microns.
  • the substrate tape 46 is approximately five-eighth inch in width the nylon ribbon may be approximately onehalf inch in width, the length of the cylindrical portion of the platen 44 being-somewhat less than the width of the ribbon.
  • the ribbon overlaps portions of tapered ends (FIG. 3) of the platen 44.
  • the platen may have a diameter of approximately threeeighth inch, if cylindrical.
  • the ribbon 42 having the aforementioned interstices therein is not woven. for example, or is of a laminated structure, it is important that at least the surface of the ribbon 42 which receives the sample thereon have openings in the last mentioned surface of approximately the same size as the aforementioned interstices, which if they are not through holes, at least provide relatively small recesses or pockets, hereinafter referred to as openings, in the last-mentioned surface of the ribbon 42 for a purpose which will be made clear hereinafter/Such. openings may be provided by a textured ribbon surface. These through or blind openings in the ribbon 42 should be evenly distributed across the ribbon and have the same spacing with reference to one another in their arrangement lengthwise of the ribbon 42 at least in each region of the surface on which each sample portion is introduced.
  • the tape substrate 46 is advanced on the tape support 48 in the direction of the arrow causing the biological substance extending between the ribbon 42 and the subtrate tape 46 to be smeared on the latter lengthwise thereof.
  • the substrate tape 46 moves below the ribbon surface having through or blind openings therein, the boundaries of the openings tend to retard the displacement of heavier cellular material transversely of the substrate tape 46, which otherwise would have an irregular and non-uniform disposition on the substrate tape 46.
  • the substrate tape may be conveniently supplied from a supply roll 64 and passed between a pair of guide rolls 66 prior to passage over the tape support 48 which, in the illustrated form, is shown as being horizontally arranged.
  • Rolls 68 and 70 cooperate with one another and with the substrate tape passing therebetween.
  • the roll 70 is driven by a motor, not shown, controlled from the programmer 35 through a lead 71.
  • the rolls 68 and 70 have only edge contact with the substrate tape 46 so as to avoid contact with the smear on the tape 46.
  • the smear prepared in the aforementioned manner has a cellular gradient extending lengthwise of the smear which gradient is less in the direction to the right of the apparatus as viewed in FIG. 1. Because of the substantially uniform celldistribution of the specimen transeversely of the ribbon 42 at the substance-applying station 40 any particular trasverse section of the smear has substantially uniform transverse cellular distribution. As the smear has the aforementioned gradient lengthwise thereof, the smear has a plural layer of cellular material throughout a portion thereof and also has a portion thereof coated with a monolayer of cellular material. Such a smear may have at least five times the useful area for microscopic examination as conventional slides prepared manually.
  • the tape under the action of the drive roll 70 travels a distance of approximately 6 inches in the illustrated form.
  • the travel of the tape past the substance-applying station 40 terminates under the control of the programmer 35 as aforesaid.
  • the programmer 35 then initiates and later terminates through lead 60 a second advance of the ribbon 42 to bring a second portion thereof below the outlet of the sample discharge tube 26 and the apparatus is then in condition to commence the next cycle of operation to prepare a similar smear on substrate tape 46 of a portion of the next following sample, under the control of the programmer 35.
  • the first such smear on the substrate tape 46 passes under a dryer 72 ofa blower type which dries such smear on the tape 46.
  • a dryer 72 ofa blower type Spaced to the left of the tape rolls 68 and 70 as viewed in FIG. 1 are tape rolls 74 and 76 cooperating with one another and with the tape 46 therebetween.
  • the roll 76 may be driven continuously but at a much slower driving rate than the previously described roll 70.
  • the tape 46 carrying such smears thereon is passed through the compartments of a container 78.
  • the compartments of container 78 may be three in number and each compartment is filled with a liquid which is isolated therein.
  • the tape is guided sequentially through the compartments through a series of guide rollers, certain of such rollers being indicated at 80 and others being indicated at 82.
  • the substrate tape may be formed conveniently of a plastic material such as Mylar. Acetate is the preferred material for the substrate tape 46.
  • the tape 46 carrying such smears of different blood specimens may be coded (not shown) in any conventional manner to identify the source of each blood specimen.
  • Such tape carrying such blood smears and issuing from the rolls 68 passes first into a staining solution in compartment 84 of the container 78.
  • Such tape passes to compartment 86 containing buffer solution which, like the solution of the staining bath, is a conventional solution.
  • compartment 86 the tape then travels into compartment 88 containing a wash solution for the blood'smears.
  • the substrate tape then passes under a dryer 90 of the blower type to dry the substrate tape carrying such smears, prior to entry of the tape 46 between the rolls 74 and 76.
  • the solenoid-operated cutter element 94 is operated from the programmer 35 through lead 96.
  • the severed tape portions bearing the respective blood smears may be collected in any suitable fashion. In the illustrated form, the severed tape portions fall by gravity for vertical stacking in a bin-like receptacle 98.
  • the tape-carried treated smears may be stacked at a rate of about one a minute which production rate substantially exceeds that of any other known process of preparing and treating biological smears.
  • the film For microscopic examination of such treated biological smears on an acetate film substrate, the film is placed on a microscope slide with the smear side down and the treated smear with optical immersion oil between the smear and the slide. No glass cover slip is required, and this facilitates the assembly of the smear carrying film with the slide for microscopic examination.
  • a cover slip is required as Mylar has birefractive properties. If Mylar film is used as a substrate, the film is placed with the smear side up on a glass slide with optical immersion oil between the film and the slide. A cover slip is placed over the smear with optical immersion oil between it and the smear.
  • smears prepared in accordance with the invention is the high degree of reproducibility of smears of the same specimen, say a blood specimen, under similar operating conditions such as temperature and viscosity of the specimen. There is also a high degree of uniformity between the character of smears from different blood specimens.
  • a method of preparing a smear on a substrate element, utilizing a ribbon element comprising:
  • troduction of said sample comprises applying it on said ribbon element at said sample-applying station and advancing said ribbon element.
  • step of spreading said sample comprises spreading of said sample by capillarity between said ribbon and substrate elements at said sample-applying station.
  • said sample is one ofa series of such samples, said substrate element having sequential smear-receiving portions, and advancing said ribbon and substrate elements periodically for sequential introduction of said samples between sequential portions of said ribbon element and said sequential smear-receiving portions of said substrate element.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
US375291A 1973-06-29 1973-06-29 Method for preparing smears of biological liquids Expired - Lifetime US3871895A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US375291A US3871895A (en) 1973-06-29 1973-06-29 Method for preparing smears of biological liquids
CA198,380A CA1014059A (en) 1973-06-29 1974-04-29 Method and apparatus for preparing smears of biological liquids
GB2163574A GB1464968A (en) 1973-06-29 1974-05-15 Method and apparatus for preparing smears of biological liquids
BE144479A BE815220A (fr) 1973-06-29 1974-05-17 Preparation de frottis de liquides biologiques
NLAANVRAGE7406780,A NL178034C (nl) 1973-06-29 1974-05-21 Werkwijze voor het aanbrengen van een veeg van een te onderzoeken biologisch vloeistofmonster op een substraat.
IT68880/74A IT1011977B (it) 1973-06-29 1974-06-14 Procedimento e dispositivo per la preparazione degli strisci di flui di biologici per l esame microsco pico o simil
FR7421225A FR2235364B1 (it) 1973-06-29 1974-06-19
AU70447/74A AU478589B2 (en) 1973-06-29 1974-06-25 Method and apparatus for preparing smears of biological liquids
CH874174A CH575123A5 (it) 1973-06-29 1974-06-26
DE19742430697 DE2430697C3 (de) 1973-06-29 1974-06-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen einer Flüssigkeitsprobe auf einen mikroskopischen Objektträger
SE7408516A SE400389B (sv) 1973-06-29 1974-06-27 Forfarande och apparat for beredning av biologiska prov
JP7347674A JPS5717461B2 (it) 1973-06-29 1974-06-28

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US375291A US3871895A (en) 1973-06-29 1973-06-29 Method for preparing smears of biological liquids

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US3871895A true US3871895A (en) 1975-03-18

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US (1) US3871895A (it)
JP (1) JPS5717461B2 (it)
BE (1) BE815220A (it)
CA (1) CA1014059A (it)
CH (1) CH575123A5 (it)
FR (1) FR2235364B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1464968A (it)
IT (1) IT1011977B (it)
NL (1) NL178034C (it)
SE (1) SE400389B (it)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2650166A1 (de) * 1975-12-19 1977-06-23 Technicon Instr Verfahren und vorrichtung zum uebertragen einer an der oberflaeche eines substrats anhaftenden substanz auf eine aufnahmeoberflaeche eines traegerelements
US4084541A (en) * 1975-04-22 1978-04-18 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Dyeing and decolorization apparatus for use in a blood serum analyzer of an electrophoretic type
US4096824A (en) * 1976-07-09 1978-06-27 Smithkline Corporation Slide smearing device
WO1985005691A1 (en) * 1984-05-25 1985-12-19 University Of Strathclyde Apparatus for microscopic examination
US20020185161A1 (en) * 1996-03-18 2002-12-12 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Device for cleaning pipette probes or stirrers
WO2005064309A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-07-14 Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for efficient thin film fluid
US7374907B1 (en) * 2000-04-07 2008-05-20 John Voneiff System and method for automatically processing tissue samples
JP2015505052A (ja) * 2011-12-28 2015-02-16 アボット・ラボラトリーズＡｂｂｏｔｔ Ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｉｅｓ 塗抹標本自動作製装置
US9469871B2 (en) 2011-04-14 2016-10-18 Corporos Inc. Methods and apparatus for point-of-care nucleic acid amplification and detection

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4027623A (en) * 1975-06-23 1977-06-07 Technicon Instruments Corporation Sample mixer and spreader
JPS5931064U (ja) * 1982-08-23 1984-02-27 スタンレー電気株式会社 液晶表示素子試験装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3462286A (en) * 1963-07-16 1969-08-19 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method of coating webs with photographic emulsions or other liquid compositions utilizing an electric field
US3493447A (en) * 1963-12-04 1970-02-03 Peter Adrian Rock Method of and apparatus for preparation of specimens for microscopic examination
US3526536A (en) * 1967-08-28 1970-09-01 Scott Paper Co Process and apparatus for bead coating a web
US3667896A (en) * 1968-10-21 1972-06-06 Miles Lab Applying film of stain to tissue mounted on a moving slide
US3701337A (en) * 1969-12-29 1972-10-31 Honeywell Inc Printing apparatus
US3705048A (en) * 1970-11-06 1972-12-05 Perkin Elmer Corp Clinical spinner
US3796594A (en) * 1970-10-30 1974-03-12 Gen Electric Stain coated slides for differentially staining blood

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3462286A (en) * 1963-07-16 1969-08-19 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method of coating webs with photographic emulsions or other liquid compositions utilizing an electric field
US3493447A (en) * 1963-12-04 1970-02-03 Peter Adrian Rock Method of and apparatus for preparation of specimens for microscopic examination
US3526536A (en) * 1967-08-28 1970-09-01 Scott Paper Co Process and apparatus for bead coating a web
US3667896A (en) * 1968-10-21 1972-06-06 Miles Lab Applying film of stain to tissue mounted on a moving slide
US3701337A (en) * 1969-12-29 1972-10-31 Honeywell Inc Printing apparatus
US3796594A (en) * 1970-10-30 1974-03-12 Gen Electric Stain coated slides for differentially staining blood
US3705048A (en) * 1970-11-06 1972-12-05 Perkin Elmer Corp Clinical spinner

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084541A (en) * 1975-04-22 1978-04-18 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Dyeing and decolorization apparatus for use in a blood serum analyzer of an electrophoretic type
US4120262A (en) * 1975-12-19 1978-10-17 Technicon Instruments Corporation Apparatus for transferring a plurality of smears
DE2650166A1 (de) * 1975-12-19 1977-06-23 Technicon Instr Verfahren und vorrichtung zum uebertragen einer an der oberflaeche eines substrats anhaftenden substanz auf eine aufnahmeoberflaeche eines traegerelements
US4096824A (en) * 1976-07-09 1978-06-27 Smithkline Corporation Slide smearing device
WO1985005691A1 (en) * 1984-05-25 1985-12-19 University Of Strathclyde Apparatus for microscopic examination
US7300525B2 (en) * 1996-03-18 2007-11-27 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Device for cleaning pipette probes or stirrers
US20020185161A1 (en) * 1996-03-18 2002-12-12 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Device for cleaning pipette probes or stirrers
US7374907B1 (en) * 2000-04-07 2008-05-20 John Voneiff System and method for automatically processing tissue samples
WO2005064309A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-07-14 Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for efficient thin film fluid
US20090253592A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2009-10-08 Kram Brian H Method and apparatus for treating a biological sample with a liquid reagent
US7615371B2 (en) 2003-12-23 2009-11-10 Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for treating a biological sample with a liquid reagent
US9469871B2 (en) 2011-04-14 2016-10-18 Corporos Inc. Methods and apparatus for point-of-care nucleic acid amplification and detection
JP2015505052A (ja) * 2011-12-28 2015-02-16 アボット・ラボラトリーズＡｂｂｏｔｔ Ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｉｅｓ 塗抹標本自動作製装置
US9903794B2 (en) 2011-12-28 2018-02-27 Abbott Laboratories Automated smear making apparatus
US10048174B1 (en) 2011-12-28 2018-08-14 Abbott Laboratories Automated smear making apparatus
US11067485B2 (en) 2011-12-28 2021-07-20 Abbott Laboratories Automated smear making apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1011977B (it) 1977-02-10
SE7408516L (it) 1974-12-30
SE400389B (sv) 1978-03-20
BE815220A (fr) 1974-11-18
NL178034B (nl) 1985-08-01
GB1464968A (en) 1977-02-16
JPS5039195A (it) 1975-04-11
JPS5717461B2 (it) 1982-04-10
CA1014059A (en) 1977-07-19
NL178034C (nl) 1986-01-02
NL7406780A (it) 1974-12-31
DE2430697B2 (de) 1976-03-25
FR2235364A1 (it) 1975-01-24
DE2430697A1 (de) 1975-01-09
CH575123A5 (it) 1976-04-30
FR2235364B1 (it) 1978-01-13
AU7044774A (en) 1976-01-08

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AS Assignment

Owner name: TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:REVGROUP PANTRY MIRROR CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004912/0740

Effective date: 19871231