US3871808A - Apparatus for producing substantially uniform calendered material - Google Patents

Apparatus for producing substantially uniform calendered material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3871808A
US3871808A US217679A US21767972A US3871808A US 3871808 A US3871808 A US 3871808A US 217679 A US217679 A US 217679A US 21767972 A US21767972 A US 21767972A US 3871808 A US3871808 A US 3871808A
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Prior art keywords
roll
penultimate
rolls
ultimate
bearing
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US217679A
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English (en)
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Fred H Ancker
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Viskase Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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Publication date
Priority to JP40057226A priority Critical patent/JPS49339B1/ja
Priority to DE19651753900 priority patent/DE1753900A1/de
Priority to DE1965U0012041 priority patent/DE1629809B2/de
Priority to GB40451/65A priority patent/GB1127743A/en
Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
Priority to US217679A priority patent/US3871808A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3871808A publication Critical patent/US3871808A/en
Assigned to VISKASE CORPORATION, A CORP. OF PA. reassignment VISKASE CORPORATION, A CORP. OF PA. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NEW YORK
Assigned to CONTINENTAL BANK N.A. reassignment CONTINENTAL BANK N.A. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VISKASE CORPORATION
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/002—Opening or closing mechanisms; Regulating the pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/68—Positioning of rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/24—Calendering
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/235—Calendar

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Apparatus for the calendering of thermoplastic material comprising a series of at least three coplanar cooperating rolls, at least one of the rolls forming the gauging nip being crowned, the penultimate roll of said series being substantially more flexi' ble than the other of said rolls, and means for adjusting the separation betwen said rolls, whereby the roll clearance across said gauging nip is continuously maintainable for a given roll separating force by dcflection of said more flexible penultimate roll.
  • This invention relates to the calender processing of elastomeric and plastic materials. More particularly, this invention relates to a calender roll system which provides improved thickness uniformity in calendered film and sheeting made from elastomeric and plastic materials of widely varying melt viscosities.
  • Calendering is a continuous therrnoforming process wherein sheets or film are formed from a heat softened thermoplastic mass by squeezing said mass between one or more parallel pairs of rolls.
  • the calendering process is well known in the art and reference is made herein to general reviews of the subject by D. I. Marshall in Processing of Thermoplastic Materials, E. C. Bernhardt, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York (1962) and F. H. Ancker and H. .l. Rutherford in "The Encyclopedia of Engineering Materials and Processes, H. R. Clauser, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York (1963).
  • a calender system adapted to produce material of substantially improved thickness uniformity comprises of at least a series of three coplanar cooperating rolls, the penultimate roll of said coplanar rolls being substantially more flexible than the other of said coplanar rolls, and at least one of the rolis forming the gauging nip being crowned to provide equidistance in said gauging nip at a given roll separating force.
  • a means for continuously producing calendered material of substantially improved thickness uniformity by passing the material, in a heat softened and flowable state, through said calendering system and maintaining equidistance in the gauging nip formed between the penultimate roll and the ultimate roll by crowning at least one of the rolls forming said gauging nip to provide equidistance in said gauging nip at a given roll separating force, and maintaining equidistance in said gauging nip for other roll separating forces through commensurate adjustment of the net separating force acting on the penultimate roll.
  • FIG. I is a perspective view of the calendering process on a conventional inverted-L" calender
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the vertical roll separating forces arising in the operation of a conventional inverted-L calender
  • FIG. 3 is a graphic illustration of the compensated deflection profile obtained by conventional roll bend- FIGS. 4 through 7, respectively, are schematic illustrations of the relative positions of the calender rolls in respect of the flexible roll of the present invention in I,” inverted-L,” L" and 2" calender configurations;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration in exaggerated form of the roll system of the present invention under no load
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration in exaggerated form of the roll system of the present invention under substantially equal load
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration in exaggerated form of the roll system of the present invention illustrating the method provided by the present invention for compensating for separating forces lower than the maximum intended separating force;
  • FIG. 11 is a graphic illustration of the compensated deflection profile obtained by the present invention for a range of sheet width rations (r);
  • FIG. 12 is a graphic illustration of the effective crown adjustment obtained by varying the sheet width ration (r) for a range of roll diameter ratios;
  • FIG. 13 is a front elevation view of an embodiment of the roll system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a side elevation view of an embodiment of the roll system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration, partially in section, of an embodiment of a bearing employed to mount the flexible penultimate roll of the present invention in the appropriate bearing block;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration, partially in section, of another embodiment of a bearing employed to mount the flexible penultimate roll of the present invention in the appropriate bearing block;
  • FIG. 17 is a partial perspective view of an embodiment of a bearing mounting attaching the flexible penultimate roll of the present invention to the calender frames.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a calendering process on a conventional inverted-L calender.
  • a heat softened or dough-like mass of elastomeric or plastic material is fed to the upper pair of calender rolls comprised of rolls 3 and 4, being constrained from transverse flow by a pair of guide plates 5.
  • the roll nip or bite As the molten mass passes through the clearance between rolls 3 and 4, commonly called the roll nip or bite," a rough molten sheet is formed which subsequently enters into the roll nip between rolls 3 and 2.
  • a kneading head of the thermoplastic material commonly called a bank
  • the emerging molten sheet assumes the width of the preceding bank and, upon entering the 2-] roll nip, which again is adjusted to a clearance smaller than or equal to that of the 32 roll nip, the process repeats itself.
  • v peripheral roll speed, w sheet width, and r sheet thickness the respective indices referring to the roll numbers.
  • the final sheet width and thickness is determined by the last roll nip, i.e., by the bank width and by the clearance between the ultimate roll 1 and the penultimate roll 2.
  • the last roll nip will, therefore, hereinafter be referred to as the gauging nip.
  • thermoplastic bank exerts a force on the adjacent rolls, commonly referred to as a roll separating force.
  • the roll separating force is given by the approximate relationship:
  • n apparent melt viscosity of the molten mass at given processing conditions v peripheral roll speed (assuming the peripheral roll speeds of adjacent rolls equal), d roll diameter, w the sheet width on the exit side of the roll nip which is equal to the bank width, I1 the clearance between the adjacent rolls, and H the diameter of the kneading bead or bank which forms on the entrance side of the roll nip.
  • This separating force exerted on the rolls by the bank is responsible for thickness variations, both in the longitudinal direction as well as in the transverse direction of the calendered sheet.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the above situation as it arises in a conventional inverted-L calender, wherein the penultimate roll 2 is subject to a separating force (F,) from the gauging nip 2-] and an opposing force (F,) from the preceding roll nip 3-2 (horizontal and gravitational force components have been omitted for the sake of simplicity). If (F,) approaches (F,), the net force on the penultimate roll 2 vanishes and the roll is free to float within the clearance of its bearing; consequently, thickness control is lost.
  • F separating force
  • This situation is conventionally remedied by reducing the sheet width (w,) by reducing the width of the bank formed in front of the 3-2 nip, i.e., increasing the thickness of the sheet formed by the 3-2 nip.
  • the separating force (F,) acting on the penultimate roll 2 is thereby reduced (equation 3) forcing said penultimate roll 2 up into equilibrium position against the upper side of its bearing.
  • the floating problem can also be alleviated mechanically by means of light auxiliary bearings, usually called zero-clearance or pullback" devices attached to the roll necks to hydraulically or by a spring action force the necks of the penultimate roll 2 against the side of their main bearings away from the gauging nip.
  • Transverse thickness variations are much more problematical. Transverse thickness variations are caused by the deflection of the gauging rolls as they are subjected to the roll separating forces from the calendering bites. To compensate for these deflections, one, usually the ultimate roll 1, or sometimes both of the gauging rolls are commonly given a slightly convex surface contour referred to generally as a convex roll "camber or crown.” This crown or increase in diameter progressively from the ends to the center of the roll is made to compensate for the roll deflection caused by the roll separating force of a given material having a particular melt viscosity and being calendered at a specific temperature, speed and thickness. As seen in equation 3, such a crown is basically capable of offering accurate correction only at a given set of conditions.
  • Roll crossing is a deliberate misalignment of the axes of the gauging rolls, which increases the roll clearance at the roll ends while it maintains it at the middle of the roll as, for example, described in U.S. Pat No. 2,965,920. This phenomenon is comparable to the formation of a roll crown.
  • Roll bending consists of application of bending forces to a pair of auxiliary bearings located on the roll necks outside of the regular bearings as, for example, described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,6l l ,l50. Roll bending is usually applied to the ultimate roll although it is sometimes applied to both of the gauging rolls.
  • a change over from one type of product to another requires costly and time-consuming changes in basic roll crowns, either by roll honing, i.e., grinding the rolls to the desired crown which, due to the exact requirements for perfect roll concentricity, cannot be done frequently without seriously affecting the accuracy of the rolls, or otherwise by replacement of the large and bulky calender rolls which is extremely cumbersome and costly.
  • the present invention overcomes the limitations which have heretofore existed by providing a simple crown adjustment system which obviates the need for external correction such as roll crossing or roll bending by harnessing the internal forces acting on the calender rolls.
  • a substantially more flexible, crowned calender roll as the penultimate roll interposed be tween conventional cylindrical ultimate and antepenultimate calender rolls, the axes of all of said rolls being substantially coplanar and forming a cooperating threeroll system.
  • Equidistant roll clearance is continuously maintained in the gauging nip between the penultimate and ultimate roll by crowning the penultimate roll to match the deflection of the ultimate roll when said penultimate roll is undeflected and said ultimate roll is at its maximum deflection, and, for lower separating forces, equidistance across the gauging nip is maintained by offsetting the deflection of the ultimate roll with the effective crown of the more flexible penultimate roll, i.e., the undeflected crown minus the deflection of the penultimate roll caused by commensurate adjustment of the net separating force acting upon it.
  • the plane formed by the axes of said three rolls can have any inclination in space and if any preceding rolls are used before said conventional antepenultimate roll such other roll or rolls can have any geometric arrangement in space.
  • the flexibility of a calender roll varies inversely with its flexural rigidity, i.e., the product El, wherein E is the modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus for the roll material and l is the moment of inertia of a circular cross-section of the main body of the roll taken with respect to a cross-sectional diameter.
  • the useful range of higher flexibility of the penultimate roll of the present invention corresponds to a flexural rigidity ratio or El product ratio of the penultimate roll to the ultimate roll of between about 0.03 and 0.75.
  • a flexural rigidity ratio of the penultimate roll to the ultimate roll between about 0.10 and 0.40 has been found to be the general optimum range for the calendering of thermoplastics; however, other thermoplastics, elastomers or processing conditions may make it desirable to select other optima.
  • a roll diameter of the penultimate roll corresponding to about 60 to 70 percent of the diameter of the ultimate roll is thus sufficient to bring the flexibility of the penultimate roll into the optimum range of the flexural rigidity ratio described above when the penultimate roll is made from the same material as the ultimate roll.
  • FIGS. 4 through 7 various calender train configurations are shown schematically illustrating the relative position of the calender rolls in respect to the smaller diameter, more flexible penultimate roll of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an I calender configuration; FIG. 5, an "inverted-L” calender configuration; FIG. 6, and L calender configuration; and FIG. 7, a 2" calender configuration.
  • the various embodiments of calender train configuration shown in FIGS. 4 through 7 are comprised of an ultimate roll 10, and antepenultimate roll 12 spaced from and parallel with said ultimate calender roll 10, a penultimate roll 14 having a smaller diameter than either the ultimate or antepenultimate rolls, interposed between the opposed surfaces of said ultimate and antepenultimate rolls and being coextensive therewith, the axes of said calender rolls l and 12 being substantially coplanar with that of the penultimate roll 14.
  • One or more preceding rolls, such as rolls l6 and 18 in FIGS. through 7, can also be employed in any or all of the calender train configurations contemplated within the present invention.
  • Said preceding rolls l6 and 18 are spaced from the antepenultimate roll 12 and are adapted to cooperate therewith.
  • Banks of kneading molten or dough-like elastomeric or plastic material 20 are shown in front of each roll nip.
  • the gauging nip 22 is formed by the opposed surfaces of the ultimate calender roll to and the penultimate roll 14.
  • the molten or dough-like mass 24 emerges from the gauging nip 22 as a continuous film or sheet having a substantially uniform thickness profile and is thereafter cooled and passed to wind-up or cutting in conventional fashion.
  • FIGS. 8 through 10 wherein the roll crowns and roll deflections are illustrated schematically in an exaggerated manner.
  • the roll system is shown under no load and the two cylindrical rolls, the ultimate roll 10 and the antepenultimate roll 12, and also the crowned flexible penultimate roll 14 are shown in their undeflected states.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the situation wherein the two opposing roll separating forces acting on the flexible penultimate roll are approximately equal in magnitude, i.e., F P In this situation, the flexible penultimate roll remains substantially undeflected.
  • the crown of the penultimate roll (y,,) is made to perfectly match the deflection of the ultimate roll resulting from separating force F the resulting film will energe with a perfectly flat transverse thickness profile. It is readily apparent, however, that either one or both of the rolls l0 and 14 forming the gauging nip must be provided with a crown such that the gauging nip is equidistant at the maximum roll separating force.
  • the flexible penultimate roll 14 is provided with such a crown while the other rolls are kept cylindrical.
  • the present invention provides means for continuously maintaining an equidistant roll clearance in the gauging nip between rolls to and 14 by imparting a crown preferably to the penultimate roll 14 essentially equivalent to the deflection of the ultimate roll 10 when the calender is operated at the maximum intended separating force Pm, e.g., at high melt viscosities, formation of thin films, high calendering speed and the like.
  • equidistance in the gauging nip is continuously maintained by increasing the clearance between the penultimate roll 14 and the antepenultimate roll 12, i.e., by decreasing the sheet width ratio w lw about the penultimate roll 14 as shown in FIG. 10.
  • H6. 11 graphically illustrates the deviation between the roll deflection resulting from a uniform load (calendering bank in the gauging nip) compensated by a centered, partial load (calendering bank in the preceding nip) for a range of sheet width ratios Wu/W hereinafter designated as (r).
  • the curves are shown on the same scale as the similar curve for the bending correction in FIG. 3, Le. again neglecting the roll necks in the calculation.
  • sheet width ratios (r) in the range of about 0.2 to l.() at least a 50 percent decrease in the deflection is obtained over the roll bending or roll crossing corrections.
  • the difference in the deflection is at least fivefold smaller than was the case for roll bending or roll crossing corrections.
  • the penultimate roll be more flexible than the ultimate roll.
  • the net force available for deflection of the penultimate roll F can be obtained by the approximate relationship assuming isothermal conditions.
  • F roll separating force in the gauging nip, w sheet width on the penultimate roll, w sheet width on the ultimate roll, and n is the exponent in the empirical power law expression for the viscosity of non- Newtonian melts, i.e.,
  • FIG. 12 is a graphical representation of equation (7) for a range of roll diameter ratios, again using the value of n 0.70 for plasticized poly( vinyl chloride).
  • FIGS. 13 through 17 one mode of operation of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 13 through 17.
  • the roll system consists of four rolls, preferably three cylindrical calender rolls: the ultimate roll 10, the antepenultimate roll 12, the offset roll 16, and a smaller diameter penultimate roll 14 interposed between the ultimate roll 10 and the antepenultimate roll 12.
  • the calender rolls are suspended in two opposing side frames 19 by means of bearing blocks 36 and 37.
  • the bearing block 37 for the penultimate roll 14 is suspended in a fixed position as described more fully hereinbelow.
  • the roll bites or roll clearances are adjusted by movement of bearing blocks 36 for rolls 10, 12 and 16 by means of adjusting screws 34.
  • the rolls are driven fron an external power supply (not shown), the torque being transferred through splined joints between the drive shafts 26 and the roll shafts 28.
  • heating and cooling media (not shown) are circulated through the rolls through rotary unions 30.
  • auxiliary pair of bank guides 42 between the penultimate roll 14 and the ultimate roll 10.
  • a normal clearance bearing 43 is employed for the penultimate roll 14 and two slim, auxiliary hydraulically or spring-loaded bearings 44 are used as pull-backs to force the roll neck 28 into stable position against the top of the main bearing 43, i.e., in the direction away from the guaging nip.
  • the use of two pull-back bearings 44 close to and one on each side of the main bearing prevents the pull-backs from having any appreciable roll bending effect on the penultimate roll.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a second mounting wherein a preloaded roller bearing 45 is mounted on the roll neck 28 with a zero-clearance fit.
  • the heating oil used for the penultimate roll is separately circulated through the roller bearing to maintain the roll neck and the inner bearing races 51 and the outer bearing races 52 at equal temperatures and at the same time serve as bearing lubricant.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates the bearing housing 37 mounted on stiff, laminar steel springs 46, which are attached to the calender frames 19.
  • This self-aligning spring mounting has enough flexibility in a horizontal direction to accommodate the thermal expansion of the penultimate roll, yet has considerable stiffness in the vertical direction to securely position the penultimate roll.
  • the operation of the calender roll system of the present invention is simple and lends itself to either manual or automatic correction of the thickness profile fo the material being calendered.
  • the crown of the penultimate roll is made to perfectly match the deflection of the ultimate calender roll under a selected maximum load F,,,.
  • the particular load of a given material F can be readily measured by load cells acting through the adjusting screws 34 for the ultimate roll.
  • one recording instrument 35 can be calibrated in separating force in the gauging nip F (increasing scale) as well as in required crown correction for uniform thickness profile (decreasing scale).
  • Another recording instrument 57 can be calibrated in net force on the penultimate roll F and actual crown correction (both increasing scales).
  • the calender can be conveniently started up with even film width, i.e., r 1, F 0, until a film of the desired thickness emerges from the gauging nip. If F P the film will be perfectly flat, but if F is less than P the film will be thinner at the center than at the edges.
  • the first instrument 55 will directly show the required correction and the adjusting screws for the antepenultimate roll can, therefore, be turned, opening the roll nip between said antepenultimate roll and the penultimate roll, until the same value is read on both instruments 55 and 57 indicating that the effective crown on the penultimate roll corresponds to the deflection of the ultimate roll under load F Alternatively, this can be done automatically by a motordriven screw-down or the like for the antepenultimate roll electrically directed from the two load indicators.
  • the present invention provides a wide extension of the range of film thicknesses and melt viscosities which can be calendered with accurate gauge control on a given calender; a simple crown adjustment system which obviates external corrections such as roll crossing or roll bending. allows the use of easily maintainable, cylindrical rolls as the regular calender rolls; and reduces the overall size and cost of the calender apparatus. Moreover, due to the wide range of crown corrections made possible by the present invention, it is now possible to employ larger calender roll faces than have heretofore been considered economically feasible.
  • calendering apparatus for the production of thermoplastic film having at least three coplanar, cooperating calender rolls suspended in bearing mountings in opposed side frames, the improvement which comprises a crowned penultimate roll interposed between cylindrical ultimate and antepenultimate rolls to form the three rolls of said coplanar system, said penultimate roll being crowned to provide an equidistant gauging nip when said penultimate roll is undeflected and said ultimate roll is at its maximum deflection and having a flexural ridigity ratio in respect to said ultimate roll of between about 0.03 and 0.75, means for adjusting the separation of said rolls, bearings for said penultimate roll comprised of a main normal clearance bearing disposed about each neck of said roll and two auxiliary adjustable bearings proximate to and disposed about each side of each of said main bearings providing pullback means adapted to force said roll necks into a stable position against each of said main bearings; and bearing housings for said penultimate roll being attached to the
  • calendering apparatus for the production of thermoplastic film having at least three coplanar, cooperating calender rolls suspended in bearing mountings in opposed side frames, the improvement which comprises a crowned penultimate roll interposed between cylindrical ultimate and antepenultimate rolls to form the three rolls of said coplanar system, said penultimate roll being crowned to provide an equidistant gauging nip when said penultimate roll is undeflected and said ultimate roll is at its maximum deflection and having a flexural rigidity ratio in respect to said ultimate roll of transfer medium thereby maintaining the roll necks and said bearings at equal temperatures; and bearing housings for said penultimate roll being attached to the opposed side frames through self-aligning spring mountings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US217679A 1964-09-22 1972-01-13 Apparatus for producing substantially uniform calendered material Expired - Lifetime US3871808A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP40057226A JPS49339B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-09-22 1965-09-20
DE19651753900 DE1753900A1 (de) 1964-09-22 1965-09-21 Verfahren zum herstellen kalandrierten folien mit sehr gleichmaessiger filmstaerke
DE1965U0012041 DE1629809B2 (de) 1964-09-22 1965-09-21 Kalander zum herstellen von folien aus thermoplastischen stoffen
GB40451/65A GB1127743A (en) 1964-09-22 1965-09-22 Apparatus and method for producing substantially uniform calendered material
US217679A US3871808A (en) 1964-09-22 1972-01-13 Apparatus for producing substantially uniform calendered material

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US39818264A 1964-09-22 1964-09-22
US87069869A 1969-10-13 1969-10-13
US217679A US3871808A (en) 1964-09-22 1972-01-13 Apparatus for producing substantially uniform calendered material

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US3871808A true US3871808A (en) 1975-03-18

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US (1) US3871808A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS49339B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE1629809B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1127743A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2407809A1 (fr) * 1977-11-07 1979-06-01 Missenard Pierre Installation de calandrage pour feuilles thermoplastiques
FR2523883A1 (fr) * 1982-03-25 1983-09-30 Bruss Polt I Procede de fabrication de fibres metalliques a partir de particules spheriques d'une poudre metallique et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
US4596523A (en) * 1984-07-04 1986-06-24 Fred Whitehead Calendar or roll assembly
US5295803A (en) * 1992-02-21 1994-03-22 Bridgestone Corporation Device for controlling thickness of sheet in calendering
US5364257A (en) * 1993-10-07 1994-11-15 Yeh Ten F Middle sole sloping machine with length/width adjustable rolls
US5505605A (en) * 1993-10-07 1996-04-09 Yeh; Tien-Fu Middle sole sloping machine with length/height adjustable rolls
US5597592A (en) * 1993-10-07 1997-01-28 Yeh; Tien-Fu Middle sole sloping machine with length/height adjustable rolls
US5707660A (en) * 1992-10-09 1998-01-13 Signode Corporation Apparatus for producing oriented plastic strap
US5755156A (en) * 1995-06-13 1998-05-26 Voith Sulzer Finishing Gmbh Calendar including a roller with a ductility factor F greater than or equal to 4
WO2003013257A1 (en) * 2001-08-07 2003-02-20 Bernardo Concetta Dough forming apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI64902C (fi) * 1976-03-30 1984-02-10 Wiik & Hoeglund Foerfarande foer kompensering av valsboejningen i en kalander

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2815531A (en) * 1955-11-30 1957-12-10 Mckiernan Terry Corp Open side multiple roll calender
US2970339A (en) * 1957-09-12 1961-02-07 John M Hausman Calender roll having adjustable crown

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2815531A (en) * 1955-11-30 1957-12-10 Mckiernan Terry Corp Open side multiple roll calender
US2970339A (en) * 1957-09-12 1961-02-07 John M Hausman Calender roll having adjustable crown

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2407809A1 (fr) * 1977-11-07 1979-06-01 Missenard Pierre Installation de calandrage pour feuilles thermoplastiques
FR2523883A1 (fr) * 1982-03-25 1983-09-30 Bruss Polt I Procede de fabrication de fibres metalliques a partir de particules spheriques d'une poudre metallique et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
US4596523A (en) * 1984-07-04 1986-06-24 Fred Whitehead Calendar or roll assembly
US5295803A (en) * 1992-02-21 1994-03-22 Bridgestone Corporation Device for controlling thickness of sheet in calendering
US5707660A (en) * 1992-10-09 1998-01-13 Signode Corporation Apparatus for producing oriented plastic strap
US5364257A (en) * 1993-10-07 1994-11-15 Yeh Ten F Middle sole sloping machine with length/width adjustable rolls
US5505605A (en) * 1993-10-07 1996-04-09 Yeh; Tien-Fu Middle sole sloping machine with length/height adjustable rolls
US5597592A (en) * 1993-10-07 1997-01-28 Yeh; Tien-Fu Middle sole sloping machine with length/height adjustable rolls
US5755156A (en) * 1995-06-13 1998-05-26 Voith Sulzer Finishing Gmbh Calendar including a roller with a ductility factor F greater than or equal to 4
WO2003013257A1 (en) * 2001-08-07 2003-02-20 Bernardo Concetta Dough forming apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1629809B2 (de) 1977-10-27
GB1127743A (en) 1968-09-18
JPS49339B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-07
DE1629809A1 (de) 1971-01-28
DE1753900A1 (de) 1977-04-14

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