US387046A - Abram a - Google Patents
Abram a Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US387046A US387046A US387046DA US387046A US 387046 A US387046 A US 387046A US 387046D A US387046D A US 387046DA US 387046 A US387046 A US 387046A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- articles
- iron
- coating
- action
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 20
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002542 deteriorative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036633 rest Effects 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
- C23C8/16—Oxidising using oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. water, carbon dioxide
- C23C8/18—Oxidising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- Myinvention relates to thetrcatmentof articles of iron for the purpose of rendering them non-corrodible or non-oxidizable and capable of resisting the deteriorating action of the elements and chemical agents towhich they may be subjected in use; and my invention consists in an improved method, substantially as hereinafter more particularly set forth, of producing upon the articles a surface of the magnetic oxide ofiron.
- the next step in the method is to convert the metallic iron into the magnetic oxide
- I subject the articles to the action of an oxidizing agent, and I pref-Q erably make use of ordinary air, as this is the derstood, of course, that the articles should be uniformlyheatcd when exposed to this oxidizing agent, and I preferably carry out my methodl by utilizing the same retortor mnlilc connections, whereby the reducing and oxidizing agents maybe readily applied insuccession.
- Vhen the reducing action has been prop- 6 cles to the reducing action of the gas, which produces a coating of metallic iron, and then upon admitting the oxidizing agent it has the effect of penetrating below the surface of the material and removing a certain proportion of s the carbon in the iron beneath the coating and to produce a greater thickness of the magnetic oxide than the first operation.
- This alternate and successive-treatment may be followed until a coating of oxide of the required or desired 3 thickness is produced, and it will be observed thatat each action the surface is first uniformly reduced to the state of metallic iron, and finally converted into a continuous and uniform coat ing of magnetic oxide by the oxidizing agent.
- the coating of magnetic oxide instead of being in a series of layers correspond- 1 ing toeach successive operation, is produced as a single homogeneous layer covering every portion of the surface and interlocking with 5 the particles of. the metal upon which it rests.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Description
reins,
ABRAM A.v 'BRENEMAN, OF BROOKLYN, ANEIV YORK.
PROCESS or COATING IRON AND sneer. wars nosrrssfs OXIDE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 387,046., dated July 31, 1888.
Application filed January 10, 1888. Serial No. 260,363. (No specimens.)
To aZZ whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, ABRAM A. BRENEMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, Kings county, State'of New York,'have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Process of Coating Iron with Rustless' Oxide, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.
Myinvention relates to thetrcatmentof articles of iron for the purpose of rendering them non-corrodible or non-oxidizable and capable of resisting the deteriorating action of the elements and chemical agents towhich they may be subjected in use; and my invention consists in an improved method, substantially as hereinafter more particularly set forth, of producing upon the articles a surface of the magnetic oxide ofiron. V
It is a well-known fact that the magnetic or black oxide of iron (Fc,O,) is not oxidizable under ordinary conditions of exposure, and attempts have been made to make use of this fact in protecting articles of iron and rendering them non-corrodible under the various uses to which they are applied; and the object of my invention is to provide articles of iron with a substantial and uniform coating or surface of the magnetic oxide.
In carrying out my invention I have discovered that it is necessary to first reduce the surface of the articles to be treated to the state of metallic iron, and in doing this I may make use of various and different methods and means as, for instance, it may be done mechanically by removing the oxidized or otherwise corroded surface of the iron by brushing or sandblasts and the like, although I generally prefer to reduce the surface to the metallic state bysubje'cting the articles to the action of a reducing agent, and I preferably make use of a substance containing a hydrocarbon-ms, for instance,'any'ordinary illuininatinggas. In using this reducing agent I find it preferable to inclose the articles to be treated in a retort or niuflie and to bring the articles to a uniform heat, the degree of which will vary somewhat, according to the character of the articles to be treated; but I have generally found it best to heat the articles to about achcrry-red.
-' The next step in the method is to convert the metallic iron into the magnetic oxide, and
7 best and most available agent.
thereof.
in carrying out this step I subject the articles to the action of an oxidizing agent, and I pref-Q erably make use of ordinary air, as this is the derstood, of course, that the articles should be uniformlyheatcd when exposed to this oxidizing agent, and I preferably carry out my methodl by utilizing the same retortor mnlilc connections, whereby the reducing and oxidizing agents maybe readily applied insuccession.
Vhen the reducing action has been prop- 6 cles to the reducing action of the gas, which produces a coating of metallic iron, and then upon admitting the oxidizing agent it has the effect of penetrating below the surface of the material and removing a certain proportion of s the carbon in the iron beneath the coating and to produce a greater thickness of the magnetic oxide than the first operation. This alternate and successive-treatment may be followed until a coating of oxide of the required or desired 3 thickness is produced, and it will be observed thatat each action the surface is first uniformly reduced to the state of metallic iron, and finally converted into a continuous and uniform coat ing of magnetic oxide by the oxidizing agent. 90
In this way the coating of magnetic oxide, instead of being in a series of layers correspond- 1 ing toeach successive operation, is produced as a single homogeneous layer covering every portion of the surface and interlocking with 5 the particles of. the metal upon which it rests.
: While I have th us described what I consider the best method of carrying out my invention, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that the steps may be performed in various 100 It. will be un- 55 .for both of the essential steps of the invention 60 and providing the muffle with the necessary ways without departing from the principles What I claim is 1. The method, substantially as hereinbeforeset forth, of producing a coating of magnetic oxide upon the surfaces of articles of iron for the purpose of rendering said articles noncorrodihle, which consists in subjecting the uniformly-heated articles to the reducing aciion of a hydrocarbon andthen to the oxidizing action of air.
2. The method, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of producing a coating of magnetic oxide upon the surface of articles of iron for the purpose of rendering said articles nonaaaoes corrodible, which consists in repeatedly subjecting the uniformly-heated articles to the r 5 alternate and successive action of a reducing agent to bring the surface to the state of metallic iron, and of an oxidizing agent to produce the final coating of magnetic oxide.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name 20 to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
ABRAM A. BRENEMAN.
Witnesses:
J. S. BARKER, F. L. FREEMAN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US387046A true US387046A (en) | 1888-07-31 |
Family
ID=2456030
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US387046D Expired - Lifetime US387046A (en) | Abram a |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US387046A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2502855A (en) * | 1944-10-18 | 1950-04-04 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Preoxidation of stainless steel |
WO1999051794A1 (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-14 | Semitool, Inc. | Method for developing an enhanced oxide coating on a component formed from stainless steel or nickel alloy steel |
US20020049975A1 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2002-04-25 | Thomas William L. | Interactive wagering system with multiple display support |
-
0
- US US387046D patent/US387046A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2502855A (en) * | 1944-10-18 | 1950-04-04 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Preoxidation of stainless steel |
WO1999051794A1 (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-14 | Semitool, Inc. | Method for developing an enhanced oxide coating on a component formed from stainless steel or nickel alloy steel |
US5985048A (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-11-16 | Semitool, Inc. | Method for developing an enhanced oxide coating on a component formed from stainless steel or nickel alloy steel |
US20020049975A1 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2002-04-25 | Thomas William L. | Interactive wagering system with multiple display support |
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