US3857961A - Method for producing foie gras by induction of hyperphagia in geese - Google Patents

Method for producing foie gras by induction of hyperphagia in geese Download PDF

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Publication number
US3857961A
US3857961A US00273671A US27367172A US3857961A US 3857961 A US3857961 A US 3857961A US 00273671 A US00273671 A US 00273671A US 27367172 A US27367172 A US 27367172A US 3857961 A US3857961 A US 3857961A
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Prior art keywords
injection
hyperphagia
dopamine
geese
goose
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US00273671A
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English (en)
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P Auffray
F Gallouin
Fessart D Albe
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
    • A61D7/00—Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Primary Examiner-Hyman Lord Attorney, Agent, or Firm--Burgess, Dinklage & Sprung 5 7 ABSTRACT A method for producing foie gras by induction of hyperphagia in animals, particularly in geese.
  • It comprises the administration of an effective amount of an anti-catecholamine substance in the cerebrospinal fluid of the animal.
  • anti-catecholamine substances notably permits the induction of an hepatic hypersteatosis in animals.
  • a particularly advantageous field of application of the invention is that of the manufacture of so-called foie gras, that is to say, the livers of crammed animals, and notably geese.
  • hypothalamic structures In mammals, two hypothalamic structures are involved in the regulation of the ingestion of food; they are the lateral area known as the hunger center" and the ventromedial nucleus deemed as being the satiety center.
  • aphagia see S. E. FELDMAN, S. LARSSON, M. K. DlMlCK and S. LEPKOVSKY, Aphagia in chickens Am. J. Physiol; 191; 1957, pp.259261 and C. J. SMlTH
  • hyperphagia see S. LEPKOVSKY, Body composition of male chickens, Poultry Sc. 45, 1966, pp.582588
  • the substances known by the name of anticholamine substances are compounds which withstand the formation of catecholamines, sympathomimetic amines derived from catechol or limiting this formation.
  • the catecholamines include products such as adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine.
  • hydroxy-6-dopamine or 6-OH DOPA may be mentioned, among others, as being suited to be used according to the invention.
  • a particularly suitable method for administering the said anticatecholamine substance into the cerebrospinal fluid of the animal consists in an injection into the said fluid, preferably with a previously anesthetized animal; but any other mode of administration known to a man skilled in the art for supplying the said active substance into the cerebrospinal fluid may be used.
  • an anticatecholamine substance is effected into the third ventricle or in the region of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the animal.
  • the hyperphagia obtained according to the invention is absolutely comparable, and most often superior, to that provided by the destruction of the hypothalamic ventromedial complex of the animal and, apart from the advantages mentioned hereinabove, can be obtained after only one administration or one injection of an anti-catecholamine substance according to the invention.
  • anti-catecholamine substances to be administered according to the invention can easily be determined by routine tests.
  • the minimum dose is obviously not critical. Only the maximum dose has to be determined as being the upper limit beyond which notable disorders are observed in the animal.
  • the optimal amount of 6-OH DOPA to be administered by intraventricular injection is about 250 ug in the case of the goose to provide the hyperphagia induced according to the invention.
  • the maximal dose is about 300 ug.
  • the rate of 6-OH DOPA used isadvantageously in the range of 30 to 150 ug, preferably from 45 to ,ug.
  • a particularly advantageous industrial result obtained by the method of the invention is the production of goose foie gras.
  • geese treated according to the invention are geese of the Landaise breed, genetically suited for the production of foie gras.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Landaise breed geese were anesthetized by a continuous intravenous perfusion of a l/SO solution of Pentothal" in distilled water. The head of the animal was placed in a stereotaxis apparatus derived from the Horsley and Clarke apparatus, and the goose was maintained by the acoustic duct and the beak.
  • Hydroxy-6-dopamine was injected into the third ventricule at a rate of 10 microliters in 5 minutes, using a trocart connected to a precision micropump by a catheter.
  • Control animals were also prepared in the same manner but replacing hydroxy-6-dopamine by physiological saline solution.
  • the amount of food taken per animal and per day was measured over a period of 35 days.
  • the complete, balanced feed supplied consisted of 74% maize. 15% soybean meal, 3% fish meal, mineral salts as oligo-elements and all the necessary vitamins.
  • the geese were sacrificed, i.e. slaughtered, at the end of the experiment, the livers being thereafter removed and weighed.
  • a dose of hydroxy-6-dopamine smaller than 150 ug administered by intraventicular, injection only produced low levels of hyperphagia which did not last for longer than 10 days.
  • a dose of about 250 pg per animal was observed to be particularly advantageous. In this case, food intake was double and even three times that of the control animals.
  • the weight of the livers taken from the animals 35 days after the injection varied from 350g to 900g (average 580g) depending on the animal.
  • the weight of the livers of the control animals lies in the range of 80 to 160g (average 130g).
  • a higher dose than 300 ,ug can cause serious disorders: doses of 500 ug of hydroxy--dopamine were injected to 8 geese; 6 geese died and 2 showed very pronounced hyperphagia.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Landaise" breed geese were prepared as described in Example 1 and hydroxy-6-dopamine was administered to them by injection into the hypothalamic ventromedial complex.
  • a first injection of l5ug hydroxy-6-dopamine per animal was administered in the hypothalamic ventromedial complex.
  • a further dose of 45p.g hydroxy--dopamine was administered in the same manner. The geese then showed significant hyperphagia.
  • the livers obtained from animals sacrificed 35 days after the last injection weighed from 220 to 550g (average 380g) whereas the livers of control geese subjected to the treatment described in Example 1 only weighed from 80 to 160g (average g).
  • a method for obtaining foie gras by induction of hyperphagia in geese which comprises the administration of an anti-catecholamine substance into the cerebrospinal fluid of the goose in an amount not more than about 300 p. g to induce hyperphagia.
  • a method according to claim 1, wherein the mode of administration is an injection into the cerebrospinal fluid of a previously anesthetized goose.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
US00273671A 1971-07-21 1972-07-20 Method for producing foie gras by induction of hyperphagia in geese Expired - Lifetime US3857961A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7126768A FR2146640A5 (enExample) 1971-07-21 1971-07-21

Publications (1)

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US3857961A true US3857961A (en) 1974-12-31

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US00273671A Expired - Lifetime US3857961A (en) 1971-07-21 1972-07-20 Method for producing foie gras by induction of hyperphagia in geese

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US (1) US3857961A (enExample)
BG (1) BG21001A3 (enExample)
CA (1) CA993260A (enExample)
FR (1) FR2146640A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1370862A (enExample)
HU (1) HU172313B (enExample)
IL (1) IL39959A (enExample)
IT (1) IT1029520B (enExample)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060286151A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-12-21 Robert Bender Production of foie gras
CN110934099A (zh) * 2019-11-08 2020-03-31 上海海洋大学 一种利用da受体抑制河蟹打斗的方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8604134D0 (en) * 1986-02-19 1986-03-26 Glaxo Group Ltd Veterinary preparations

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Ives, Domestic Geese and Ducks, 1947, Published by Orange Judd Publishing Company, Inc., pages 121 129, inclusive. *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060286151A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-12-21 Robert Bender Production of foie gras
WO2007000665A3 (en) * 2005-04-27 2007-05-31 Robert Bender Production of foie gras
CN110934099A (zh) * 2019-11-08 2020-03-31 上海海洋大学 一种利用da受体抑制河蟹打斗的方法
CN110934099B (zh) * 2019-11-08 2021-09-24 上海海洋大学 一种利用da受体抑制河蟹打斗的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA993260A (en) 1976-07-20
IT1029520B (it) 1979-03-20
GB1370862A (en) 1974-10-16
HU172313B (hu) 1978-08-28
BG21001A3 (bg) 1976-01-20
IL39959A0 (en) 1972-09-28
FR2146640A5 (enExample) 1973-03-02
IL39959A (en) 1975-10-15

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