US3857772A - Electroplating apparatus for simultaneously and uniformly electroplating inside surfaces of annular bodies - Google Patents

Electroplating apparatus for simultaneously and uniformly electroplating inside surfaces of annular bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
US3857772A
US3857772A US00318649A US31864972A US3857772A US 3857772 A US3857772 A US 3857772A US 00318649 A US00318649 A US 00318649A US 31864972 A US31864972 A US 31864972A US 3857772 A US3857772 A US 3857772A
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Prior art keywords
electrolyte
annular bodies
electroplating
passage
anode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00318649A
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English (en)
Inventor
T Sasaki
M Oka
Y Washio
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Mazda Motor Corp
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Toyo Kogyo Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/04—Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies

Definitions

  • the electroplating apparatus includes an upright anode disposed within registered bores of the annular [52] s CL 204/224 R, 204/228, 204M272, bodies with its outer contour equi-distantly spaced 2O4/275 from the inside surfaces forming inbetween an electro- 51 Int.
  • the present invention relates to the art of electroplating, and more particularly to an improvement in an electroplating apparatus for simultaneously and uniformly electroplating the inside surfaces of a plurality of annular bodies, such as, cylinders of internal combustion engines.
  • One of the drawbacks concomitant with the conventional apparatus is that since the bodies to be electroplated are maintained at an equal potential the effective currents flowing between anode and each of the bodies are not an equal level. This is because the electric conductivity of the flowing electrolyte is not an equal level along the vertical line of the piled bodies due to generation of gases resulting from the electroplating operation. This fact invites inconsistency in the thickness of the electroplated layer on the inside surfaces of the annular bodies. That is, the layer thickness of the lower body has a larger value than that of the upper body. Since, therefore, the thickness of the electroplated layer should have a minimum value, the lower body has an electroplated layer of unnecessary thickness. This thickened layer must be goundlater to have a proper thickness level.
  • the electrolyte is guided to overflow the top surface of the piled annular bodies so as to be discharged into an electrolyte reservoir.
  • a hat member which covers the top sur face of the bodies, must be provided with joints for connecting a discharge tube or the like.
  • the sealing between the hat member and the discharge tube will become a cause of trouble, because the hat member must be detachably mounted on the particular top surface for installation of the assembled annular body structure. The degraded sealing will permit leakage of the electrolyte and/or the generated gases, and accordingly will produce a problem of firing or pollution.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved electroplating apparatus for simultaneously and uniformly electroplating the inside surfaces of a plurality of annular bodies.
  • Still another object is to provide an improved electroplating apparatus, in which an upright anode is disposed within registered bores of the annular bodies with its outer contour equi-distantly spaced from the inside surfaces of the annular bodies for forming inbetween an electrolyte passage, and in which adjusting means adjust at an equal level the effective electric currents flowing between the anode and each ofthe annular bodies, even when the electric conductivity of the flowing electrolyte differs along the axis of the registered bores due to generation of gases in the electrolyte.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially sectional view of an electroplating apparatus according to the present invention, taken in the vertical line;
  • FIG. 2 is a partially sectional view taken along the line 2 2 of FIG. 1.
  • an electroplating apparatus is generally designated at numeral 10, which is used to simultaneously and uniformly electroplating a plurality of annular bodies 11 such as cylinders of internal'combustion engines.
  • the annular bodies 11, which are formed with inside surfaces 12 to be electroplated, are piled one over another through an electrically insulating seat 13 in a manner to have their bores registered with each other.
  • each of the seats 13 is interposed be tween any adjacent pair of the annular bodies 11 so as to electrically insulating the bodies 11 from each other and at the same time to keep hermetically sealed joint between the adjacent pair of the bodies 11, thereby forming an upright tubular body (not numbered).
  • This tubular body rests on a base plate 14 and is assembled into a block by means of elongated bolts 15 which are held at the corners of the base plate 14.
  • On the top surface of the tubular body more specifically, are mounted an annular head disc 16 and a packing 17 both formed with registered bores, through which the bolts 15 upwardly extend.
  • the uppermost ends of the bolts 15 are threaded so that they are nutted up by corresponding hanging members 18 after a hat 19 has been placed on the packing 17 with its brim portion being fastened to the bolts 15.
  • the hat 19 is hermetically mounted on the upper surface of the tubular body through the head disc 16 and the packing 17, thereby providing a unitary structure assembled with the tubular body and the base plate 14.
  • cathodic conductor 22 In the outer vicinity of the tubular body is a vertically disposed cathodic conductor 22, hereinafter called cathode formed with an upper projection 21. It
  • the cathode 22 has a predetermined intrinsic resistance, as will be discussed later.
  • This cathode 22 is electrically connected with each of the annular bodies 11 through a fastening bolt 23.
  • the location of the fastening bolts 23 may be anywhere with respect to the annular bodies 11, but they should be equi-distantly spaced from any adjacent coleagues.
  • two guide pipes 24 are inserted into corresponding bores formed in both the base plate 14 and the head disc 16.
  • Indicated at numeral 28 is an operating handle acting to mount the projection 21 of the cathode 22 on a cathode plate 29 for rendering electrically conductive the connection between the cathode 22 and the cathode plate 29.
  • This operating handle 28 is electrically connected with the negative terminal of an energy source (not shown) so as to apply a negative potential to the annular bodies 11.
  • an upright anode 31 Disposed within the registered bores 12 of the tubular body is an upright anode 31 which is mounted on the apparatus main body 25 in a manner to upwardly extend into the chamber of the hat 19 through the bore 16a of the head disc 16.
  • This anode 31 is made of highly conductive material and is electrically connected with a positive terminal of the energy source by way of an anode plate 33.
  • the anode 31 has its outer contour equi-distantly spaced from the inside surfaces 12 of the tubular body, thereby forming inbetween an electrolyte passage 35 in which an electrolyte is forced to flow.
  • the outer surface of the anode 31 may preferably be coated with some suitable material 34 having a high conductivity and a sufficient resistance to the attacking of the flowing electrolyte.
  • One of the materials suitable for this purpose is lead.
  • the anode 31 is not solid but has another electrolyte passage 36 formed therein and defined by an electrolyte pipe 37 which has a sufficient resistance to the attacking of the electrolyte.
  • This electrolyte pipe 37 has its upper end extending into the chamber of the hat 19, thus offering to the electrolyte passage 36 a fluid communication with the electrolyte passage 35 in the particular chamber.
  • the lower end of the electrolyte pipe 37 is, on the other hand, communicated with an electrolyte reservoir (not shown) by way of a discharge pipe 38.
  • a detergent-air passage 39 for supplying therethrough a detergent or air to the chamber of the hat 19 and to the two electrolyte passages 35 and 36.
  • the detergent thus introduced acts to clean the chamber and the passages 35 and 36, while the introduced air acts partly to dilute gases remaining in the chamber and partly to scavenge the chamber and the passages.
  • the detergent-air passage 39 has an outlet port 43 of nozzle shape extending into the chamber.
  • a change-over or two-way valve 41 which changes the connection thereof with a detergent supply and with an air supply, respectively, through pipe branches 42a and 42b.
  • the detergent-air passage 39 under discussion may be divided into two pipelets (not shown) each for detergent and air introductions. Then, the change-over valve 41 may be dispensed with.
  • Indicated at numeral 44 is an electrolyte supply pipe through which an electrolyte is supplied to the electrolyte passage 35 by way of an electrolyte inlet port 25a formed in the apparatus main body 25, as shown.
  • the electrolyte supply pipe 44 is as customary provided with a valve (not shown) for allowing and inhibitting the electrolyte supply to the passage 35.
  • the inlet port 25a is bypassed to an electrolyte-detergent discharge pipe 45 which is provided with a change-over or twoway valve 46. By controlling this change-over valve 46, an electrolyte and/or detergent remaining in the passage 35 and the inlet port 250 are selectively discharged through pipe branches 45a and 45b.
  • the assembled block with piled annular bodies 11 to be electroplated is fastened to the apparatus main body 25. Then, by manual handling of the operating handle 28, the projection 21 of the cathode 22 is electrically connected with the cathode plate 29. In the meanwhile, the valve mounted in the electrolyte supply pipe 44 is opened, and the two change-over valves 46 and 41 are closed. At this stage, an electrolyte is pumped into the electrolyte passage 35 by way of the supply pipe 44 and the inlet port 25a. As a result, the electrolyte passage 35 is filled with the incoming electrolyte.
  • the effective electric currents flowing between the anode 31 and each of the annular bodies 11 are adjusted at an equal level by compensating the electric conductivity of the electrolyte in the passage 35 differs along the axis of the tubular body.
  • the cathode 22 has a predetermined intrinsic resistance of considerable value, and the negative potential to be applied to any of the annular bodies 11 is smaller than that to the overlying body 11 by a value-determined the distance between the two adjoining fastening bolts 23.
  • the intrinsic resistance of the cathode 22 is preset at a suitable value, then the resultant negative potential drop between any adjacent annular bodies 11 will compensate the increase in conductivity of the electrolyte wetting each of the inside surfaces 12 thereof due to the decrease in. existance of the generated gases. With this condition being satisfied, the thickness of the obtained electroplated layer on the inside surfaces 12 of the annular bodies 11 is equal along the axis of the tubular body.
  • the valve in the electrolyte supply pipe 44 is closed, and the changeover valve 46 in the discharge pipe 45 is turned to have communication with the pipe branch 45b.
  • the change-over valve 41 in the pipe 39 is changed to have comunication with the pipe branch 42!; so as to introduce pressurized fresh air therethrough.
  • the air thus introduced scavenge the passage 36, the chamber in the hat 19 and the passage 35, in other words, the air discharges an electrolyte remaining in the latter passage 35 in to the electrolyte reservoir (not shown) through the pipes 45 and 45b.
  • valve 41 is changed to have communication with the detergent reservoir (not shown) through the pipe 42a, and at the same time the valve 46 is changed to have communication with the detergent reservoir through the pipe 45a, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a detergent is pumped into the pipe 39 and injected into the chamber in the hat 39 through the nozzle 43. The detergent thus injected falls down in the passage 35 while cleaning the electroplated inside surfaces 12 of the annular bodies 11, and finally is returned to the detergent reservoir.
  • the present electroplating apparatus is free from any joint or hose provided at the hat for discharging the remaining electrolyte remaining in the passages of the apparatus. Asa result, free emission of noxious gases generated in the apparatus is prevented, which might otherwise invite firing.
  • the apparatus itself can be made highly compact, providing for a simplified handling when in operation.
  • An electroplating apparatus for simultaneously and uniformly electroplating the inside surfaces of a plurality of annular bodies placed upon one another so that their central bores are registered comprising: an upright anode about which said annular bodies are to be placed with the inner surfaces equi-distantly spaced from the outer surface of said anode to thereby define therebetween an annular passage; a plurality of seats respectively separating adjacent ones of said annular bodies to electrically insulate the same from each other; means for forcing an electrolyte through said passage; an elongated cathode conductor for applying a negative potential to said annular bodies; said cathode conductor being substantially vertical and constituting a single member having a considerable intrinsic resistance, said cathode conductor having individual means along its length to apply a different negative potential to each of said annularbodies with the negative potential increasing in the direction of flow of the electrolyte, so that the effective electric current flowing between said anode and the respective annular body is substantially equal even though the electric conductivity of the electrolyte
  • said individual negative potential applying means includes a plurality of fastening bolts connecting said single member to said annular bodies and equidistantly spaced from each other for building up a potential drop therebetween determined by the intrinsic resistance of said single member.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
US00318649A 1971-12-25 1972-12-26 Electroplating apparatus for simultaneously and uniformly electroplating inside surfaces of annular bodies Expired - Lifetime US3857772A (en)

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JP47003011A JPS5238970B2 (it) 1971-12-25 1971-12-25

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4083767A (en) * 1976-07-13 1978-04-11 Vladimir Isaakovich Suslin Apparatus for electrochemical machining of workpieces
US4441976A (en) * 1980-10-29 1984-04-10 Centro Ricerche Fiat S.P.A. Device for electrolytic surface treatment of mechanical workpieces
US4601802A (en) * 1984-07-31 1986-07-22 The Upjohn Company Apparatus for internally electropolishing tubes
US4705611A (en) * 1984-07-31 1987-11-10 The Upjohn Company Method for internally electropolishing tubes
US4826582A (en) * 1985-08-05 1989-05-02 Framatome Surface treatment process and device for heat exchangers
US4869798A (en) * 1987-10-27 1989-09-26 Flachglas Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for the galvanic reinforcement of a conductive trace on a glass pane
US5411652A (en) * 1993-12-15 1995-05-02 Allied-Signal Inc. Optimum conversion chamber
WO2004001178A2 (en) * 2002-06-21 2003-12-31 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Method and apparatus for downhole pipe or casing repair
US20050194257A1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2005-09-08 Tom Januszek Electroplating system and method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5148729A (ja) * 1974-10-24 1976-04-27 Noge Denki Kogyo Kk Bubunmetsukinohoho

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU231995A1 (ru) * Устройство для хромирования деталей
US1982009A (en) * 1931-11-30 1934-11-27 Paul E Mckinney Means for electroplating the interior surfaces of hollow articles
US2431949A (en) * 1943-11-24 1947-12-02 Gen Motors Corp Apparatus for electroplating the inside of bearing shells and the like
US3117071A (en) * 1960-10-24 1964-01-07 Federal Mogul Bower Bearings Plating rack
GB1042059A (en) * 1963-07-12 1966-09-07 Harold Martin Harmer Improvements relating to the electro-deposition of metals
US3514389A (en) * 1967-09-09 1970-05-26 Nsu Motorenwerke Ag Apparatus for producing a wear-resistant surface on a workpiece

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU231995A1 (ru) * Устройство для хромирования деталей
US1982009A (en) * 1931-11-30 1934-11-27 Paul E Mckinney Means for electroplating the interior surfaces of hollow articles
US2431949A (en) * 1943-11-24 1947-12-02 Gen Motors Corp Apparatus for electroplating the inside of bearing shells and the like
US3117071A (en) * 1960-10-24 1964-01-07 Federal Mogul Bower Bearings Plating rack
GB1042059A (en) * 1963-07-12 1966-09-07 Harold Martin Harmer Improvements relating to the electro-deposition of metals
US3514389A (en) * 1967-09-09 1970-05-26 Nsu Motorenwerke Ag Apparatus for producing a wear-resistant surface on a workpiece

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4083767A (en) * 1976-07-13 1978-04-11 Vladimir Isaakovich Suslin Apparatus for electrochemical machining of workpieces
US4441976A (en) * 1980-10-29 1984-04-10 Centro Ricerche Fiat S.P.A. Device for electrolytic surface treatment of mechanical workpieces
US4601802A (en) * 1984-07-31 1986-07-22 The Upjohn Company Apparatus for internally electropolishing tubes
US4705611A (en) * 1984-07-31 1987-11-10 The Upjohn Company Method for internally electropolishing tubes
US4826582A (en) * 1985-08-05 1989-05-02 Framatome Surface treatment process and device for heat exchangers
US4869798A (en) * 1987-10-27 1989-09-26 Flachglas Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for the galvanic reinforcement of a conductive trace on a glass pane
US5411652A (en) * 1993-12-15 1995-05-02 Allied-Signal Inc. Optimum conversion chamber
WO2004001178A2 (en) * 2002-06-21 2003-12-31 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Method and apparatus for downhole pipe or casing repair
WO2004001178A3 (en) * 2002-06-21 2004-04-08 Wenlin Zhang Method and apparatus for downhole pipe or casing repair
US20060163075A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2006-07-27 Wenlin Zhang Method and apparatus for downhole pipe or casing repair
US20050194257A1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2005-09-08 Tom Januszek Electroplating system and method
WO2005095678A2 (en) * 2004-03-08 2005-10-13 Kc Jones Plating, Inc. Electroplating system and method
WO2005095678A3 (en) * 2004-03-08 2006-01-26 Kc Jones Plating Inc Electroplating system and method
US20080116062A1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2008-05-22 Tom Januszek Electroplating system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4870633A (it) 1973-09-25
DE2263680B2 (de) 1977-12-22
DE2263680C3 (de) 1978-08-24
JPS5238970B2 (it) 1977-10-01
DE2263680A1 (de) 1973-07-05

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