US3853675A - Materials adapted to exhibit varying visual appearances - Google Patents

Materials adapted to exhibit varying visual appearances Download PDF

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Publication number
US3853675A
US3853675A US00213706A US21370671A US3853675A US 3853675 A US3853675 A US 3853675A US 00213706 A US00213706 A US 00213706A US 21370671 A US21370671 A US 21370671A US 3853675 A US3853675 A US 3853675A
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Prior art keywords
light
layer
sheet material
transmitting
layers
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US00213706A
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English (en)
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C Edwards
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De la Rue International Ltd
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Rue T Int Ltd De
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/06—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by transmitted light, e.g. transparencies, imitations of glass paintings
    • B44F1/066—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by transmitted light, e.g. transparencies, imitations of glass paintings comprising at least two transparent elements, e.g. sheets, layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
    • B32B23/04—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/08—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects characterised by colour effects
    • B44F1/10—Changing, amusing, or secret pictures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
    • B32B2305/026—Porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/418—Refractive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
    • Y10T428/24868—Translucent outer layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24934—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including paper layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/266—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension of base or substrate

Definitions

  • Fieid 232 408 and between the layers and in substantially intimate 161/4O9 3 40/l 5 contact therewith a partially light-transmitting layer is 1 6 1 6 herein defined, the colors of the light-transmitting laye'rs being so selected that when either face of the ma- 56]
  • References Cited terial is viewed by transmitted light from a source of a substantially white light, the color observed is differ- UNITED STATES PATENTS ent from that observed wheneither layer alone is 1,947,516 7 2/1934 Broadman .1 154/40 viewed in like manner.
  • the said materials have utility in areas such as, for example, the construction of playthings, advertising and promotional media, printed articles generally, teaching, the conveyance of information, the identification of articles, and as artists or artistic materials per se.
  • a sheet material comprises at least two superimposed differently colored light-transmitting non-fibrous organic polymer layers and between each adjacent pair of the layers and in substantially intimate contact therewith is a substantially planar partially light-transmitting layer as hereinafter defined, the colors of the light-transmitting layers being so selected that when either face of the material is viewed by transmitted light, from a source of substantially white light, the color observed is different from that observed when either layer alone is viewed in like manner.
  • a partially light-transmitting layer it is meant a layer which serves partially to reflect and partially to,
  • the ratio of the intensity of the transmitted light to the reflected light being dependent upon the angle of incidence of the light and being a maximum when the angle of incidence is normal to the partially transmitting layer.
  • the partially light-transmitting layer maybe any suitable layer having the properties defined above and may comprise for example, a fibrillated plastics layer, a layer of tissue or similarly structured paper, an alpha cellulose or similar paper, a layer of particulate matter in spaced distribution, a' layer of transparent material having a surface finish adapted to confer a high degree of reflectance-upon the incidence thereupon of nonnormal light rays (for example, a transparent film printed on both sides with an ink containing discrete particles of a white highly refractive pigment such as titanium dioxide) or a web or mesh of textile fabric.
  • the partially transmitting layer may be an adhesive suitable for bonding two light transmitting layers together and yet, when set, possessing the transmission characteristics required of such a layer. No particular limits are to be applied to the thickness of the partially light-transmitting layer other than that preferably it should be as thin as is commensurate with'the exhibition of the above defined characteristics.
  • the organic polymer light-transmitting layers a e preferably selected from the group comprising thermoplastic resins, regeneratedcellulose and cellulose esters and transparent compositions containing the same. However any colored non-fibrous transparent organic polymer material will suffice.
  • the layers which may be preformed or formed during the manufacture of articles according to this invention, are preferably each of a thickness within the range of 0.0001 inch to 0.1 inch and, preferably still, within the range 0.0005 inch to 0.05 inch.
  • a light-transmitting layer may be continuous or non-continuous with respect to an adjacent partially light-transmitting layer; a non-continuous layer may be created by the application to a suitable partially lighttransmitting layer of organic polymer material by selective coating, printing or like techniques.
  • one or more of the light-transmitting layers may comprise sheet materials converted to mesh-like configuration by a punching or like operation; depending upon the desired effect to be obtained from and the appearance desired of any given material, the partially light-transmitting layer or layers may or may not be perforated in accordance with the perforations of the associated light-transmitting layers.
  • the colored portions of each layer must be so positioned that, in the sheet material, they are in at least partial register with at least some of the colored portions of at least one of the two other light-transmitting layers thus insuring that at least some of the light travelling normally or nearly normally through the colored portions of one of the layers also travels normally or nearly normally through at least some of the colored portions of at least one of the other light-transmitting layers.
  • the external surfaces of the light-transmitting layers may optionally be further patterned. or decorated by the application thereto of light-transmitting printed or similarly applied designs.
  • a material may comprise two adjacent portions, one in which the superimposed light-transmitting layers are, for example, yellow and blue and the other in which the supe rimposed layers are, for example, green and violet; thus when viewed under transmitted light one portion of the material will appear to be green and the adjacent portion will appear as grey.
  • Such materials may be readily constructed by producing each element of such a composite separately and then arranging portions of each in desired adjacent relationship.
  • the light-transmitting layers When more than two light-transmitting layers are used they may each be of a different color or, according to the total number employed, two or more of them may be of the same color.
  • three or more such layers must each be of such a configuration that the composite effect of two I layers is not marred by the presence of any other layer;
  • one or more of them when using three or more such layers one or more of them is preferably colored in parts only or perforated to give an equivalent effect.
  • a plurality of colored light-transmitting layers with uncolored portions or spaces between colored portions of each layer according to a predetermined overall pattern viewing by transmitted light will produce a predetermined pattern, for example, according to the relative positioning of the colored portions of relevant layers, a recognizable pattern, word or legend in the composite color.
  • the partially lighttransmitting layer may be co-extensive with its adjacent light-transmitting layers or, provided it is always present between portions of such layers required to exhibit the desired effect under transmitted light, it may be discontinuous in relation to other portions of the lighttransrnitting layers; inv areas where the partially lighttransmitting layer is not present the combined effect of two adjacent light-transmitting layers, under transmitted light, will be different from that obtained if the partially light-transmitting layer were present.
  • the partially light-transmitting layer when present between two differently colored lighttransmitting layers may be modified to create special effects.
  • a partially light-transmitting layer smaller areas corresponding to the shapes of, for example, letters may be created by stamping out or by selective transparentization of the layer; in such an instance the letters may appear, when viewed mainly by reflected light, as the color of either of the outermost layers of thelight-transmitting layers (on the background of the combinative color of the two layers) in dependence upon the side from which viewing takes place when viewed under mainly transmitted light, the letters would disappear, tend to disappear, or appear differently within the entire area encompassed by the partially transmitting layer.
  • the colored light-transmitting layers and the partially transmitting layer may be firmly bonded together over substantially the whole of their co-extensive surfaces or may be bonded only at the peripheral regions thereof. It is preferred that the materials be bonded together over substantially the whole of their co-extensive surfaces in order to guarantee intimate contact and thus to maximize the effect peculiarthereto. It is, however, important when bonding the layers together to insure that-the properties necessary in the partially transmit ting layer are maintained'therein and not to employ bonding means or tecniques that deleteriously effect the defined properties of said partially transmitting layer.
  • bonding agents e.g., adhesives
  • they must be'only'be compatible with and capable of bonding to the material of the light-transmitting layers but also of such a nature and present in such a quantity that they do not penetrate substantially into the body of the partially light-transmitting layer.
  • the partially light-transmitting layer paper it is preferable'to use a calendered product.
  • the bonding of the layers is so performed that the bonded layers cannot be readily separated and more preferably it is so performed that at-- rial may be prepared by adhesively bonding the'preformed colored light-transmitting layers to the paper or fabric sheet; alternatively the colored layerslmay be prepared by extrusion techniques known per se for certain of vthe suitable materials and by positioning and bonding the partially transmitting layer during or im mediately after the extrusion in such a manner that the partially transmitting layer and the light-transmitting layers become bonded-togetheras a unitary structure during that period wherein one or both of the colored light-transmitting layers is in a flowable state.
  • dis play' cards may be fabricated entirely of the materials of our invention suitably printed and/or fashioned or a display card may be formed, from any suitable base material known for such purpose, having affixed into the base material, but selectively removable therefrom in a predetermined and controllable manner, a material according to our invention.
  • printed arti cles can be fabricated in which the materials are incorporated in a non-removable manner.
  • the base material for such articles is a thermoplastics 'material
  • the materials of our invention can be nonremovably-incorp'orated therein by any suitable: means such as, for example welding, solvent bonding, extrusion or molding.
  • ournovel materials may be incorporated into the paper. during the process of manufacturing the paper, preferably by laying materials according to this invention on a layer of paper pulp in the paper-making machine and then laying a further layer of paper pulp thereover. Obviously, the thickness of such paper pulp layers must not be such as to prevent the transmission of light through the incorporated sheet material.
  • the use of a perforated version of our material facilitates the production ofa'coherent body as a result of the penetration of the paper fibres through the holes in the material so securwide range of thicknesses but irrespective of the thicktempts to separate'the bonded layers results in'the m echanical disruption of one or more of the layers. Suitably, this preferred. bonding isfp'erformed utilizing,
  • the materials are so selected that in the'finished paper a layerof'paper fibres-at least 0.0005 inch thick overlays each'surface 'of the material provided that the thickness and/or opacity of thefiber layers does not prevent transmis sion of light through the sheet material.
  • this restriction is not to be taken as limiting since, according to the use for the finished product, materials according .tothis invention, when incorporated in paper,
  • Composite articles comprising the novel materimaterials according to this invention and such materials may form a major or a minor part of such composites.
  • the function of the partially transmitting layer is such that at low angles of incidence of viewing and/or illumination the ratio of transmitted light to reflected light is low and hence the color observed by a viewer is substantially that contained by the colored layer closer to his eye; as the angle of incidence increases towards normal the observed color changes until, at a normal angle of incidence, the color observed is a composite of thetwo differently colored lighttransmitting layers so long as the degree of illumination onto the surface farther away from the observer results in the majority of light falling onto the observers eye coming from that source of illumination.
  • transparentization is efiected subsequent to the production of such paper composites by treating the surfaces thereof or the portions of such surfaces which enclose materials according to this invention with a suitable agent, for example a melamine formaldehyde resin, a derivative thereof or other cross-linkable compounds known per se as suitable for the transparentization of paper.
  • a suitable agent for example a melamine formaldehyde resin, a derivative thereof or other cross-linkable compounds known per se as suitable for the transparentization of paper.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic exploded view of the componentsof the material described in Example I;
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view showing diagrammatically the disposition within a paper web of the separately produced components of Example-II;
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the components of the material described in Example III.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the components described in Example IV.
  • EXAMPLE I This example describes a novel sheet material according to our invention suitable for incorporation into a paper web during its manufacture and also a method for preparing the materials.
  • our novel materials are preferably at least 0.001 inch thinner than the finished paper.
  • the material described in this example is about 0.003 inch thick and thus is suitable for incorporation into papers having a finished thickness of at least 0.004 inch.
  • the novel material according to this example is in perforated web form (although for purposes of simplicity perforations are not shown in; the drawing) and comprises a central layer 1 of highly calendered alpha cellulose paper about 0.002 inch thick having adhered to one side thereof a blue dyed film 2 formed from polyethylene terephthalate and to the other side a ye]- low dyed film 3 formed from polyethylene terephthalate, each layer of polyethylene terephthalate being about 0.0005 inch thick.
  • the novel material was prepared as follows:
  • the web was then passed between cooling rollers and then perforated before being wound upon a take-up spool.
  • the perforated web was incorporated into paper during a paper-making process by first laying down a layer of paper pulp, positioning the perforated web thereon, and thenapplying to the first down pulp layer and the tape further pulp to build up the paper to the desired thickness of about 0.004 inch. After drying and finishing the paper in the normal manner that area of the paper web corresponding to the perforated web material was treated in a known manner by a printing technique with a compositionknown for the transparentization of paper.
  • the material according to this example was suitable for use per se or in combination with materials other than paper-making pulp.
  • novel material prepared as described exhibits, both alone and when incorporated into the paper web, a visual appearance varying in dependence upon the angle of the light path by which it was viewed. When viewed under transmitted light conditions the material appeared green while in reflected light the material appeared either blue or yellow dependingupon which side of the material was being viewed.
  • EXAMPLE in Example I was repeated up to and including step (iii) save for the use of a green dyed film of polyethylene terephthalate in place of the blue film and a violet dyed film of the same polymer in place of the yellow film;
  • Example I A portion of the material so produced together with a portion of the material produced in accordance with Example I, was then incorporated in paper in accordance with the further description of Example I.
  • Example I and II materials were laid in This material was also suitable for use other than in the body of paper pulp.
  • EXAMPLE in This example relates to a triple'layer material forincorporation into paper web or sheet, and may be considered to be a symmetrical arrangement based on Example I.
  • the novel feature of this example is to provide a first color when paper incorporating the material is viewed from either side by reflected light, and a second color when viewed from either side by transmitted light.
  • the constituents of the material comprise a centrally disposed blue dyed film 8 formed from polyethylene terephthalate of thickness 0.0005 inch and two outwardly disposed yellow dyed films 9 and 10 (also of 0.0005 inch thickness) of a similar material. interposed between the dyed films are disposed alpha cellulose paper sheets 11 and 12 having a thickness of about 0.002 inch.
  • the method of preparing the material comprised coating both surfaces of the film 8 and one surface each of film 9 and 10, with adhesive 13. Thereafter, the adhesive was dried, the components were than assembled in the manner shown in FIG. 3, and finally were consolidated by heat and pressure.
  • the material so formed may be perforated if desired and then incorporated into a paper web in the manner described in Example I.
  • the optical effect may be enhanced by transparentization of the paper in the vicinity of the material.
  • the material described above was suitable for uses other than in the body of fibrous substances.
  • EXAMPLE IV This example relates to material comprising two continuous differently colored light-transmitting layers having therebetween a discontunuous partially transmitting layer which is co-extensive with only portions of the light-transmitting layers, in order to produce a special effect.
  • the materials are those referred to in Example I.
  • layer 14 is yellow and layer 15 is blue.
  • the adhesive layers are indicated at 16.
  • the alpha cellulose layer 17 is shorter in length than either of the light-transmitting layers and is so disposed that, at each end of the composite material the yellow and blue layers, or rather the adhesive coatings thereof are in intimate contact with each other.
  • the alpha cellulose layer is perforated at 18, said perforations being representative of portions of letters, say D.L.R.
  • the layers of regenerated cellulose were bonded to the layers of the tissue paper by means of a nitrile rubber based adhesive applied to the webs prior to their use for the purpose of this invention.
  • Each web was initially a continuous sheet but each was converted to open-workform by the stamping-out of predetermined portions in a predetermined pattern.
  • One portion of each element of the violet layer was arranged to overlie an element of the green layer and an- .other portion of the violet layer was arranged to overlie an element of the yellow layer.
  • Material according to this example was suitable for uses as a material in its own right although it was also suitable for incorporation within the body of a relatively thick paper fibre body.
  • an equivalent optical effect may be obtained by coating the surfaces of the partially lighttransmitting layer sheets with light-transmitting color media, (for example by roller coating techniques). This method serves to provide an extremely compact material, and eliminates the need for adhesives.
  • Example V relates the use of a partially lighttransmitting layer with cut-out portions but in still further embodiments, which serve to provide additional unique and artistic effects, and which are also applicable to the above described examples, the partially lighttransmitting layers may be cut out to provide a pattern, discretely transparentized or printed 'upon with opaque inks or dyes in a predetermined manner before application of the layers or coatings.
  • ' words may first be printed upon the partially lightclearly visible, on a yellow background when viewed transmitting layer in opaque ink and subsequent to the production of material according to this invention incorporating such a layer a second printing may be applied to the frontal surface of a paper sheet enclosing the said material.
  • a first source of illumination may be directed upon the front of the sheet to display the second printed matter.
  • a further source of illumination may be positioned behind the composite sheet, and a suitable switching means may be arranged to render either or both sets of printing selectively visible.
  • Sheet material comprising at least two superimposed colored light-transmitting non-fibrous organic polymer film-forming layers, each layer of a pair of layers being differently colored, and between each adja- 9 cent pair of said layers and in substantially intimate contact therewith a single substantially planar layer which is partially light-reflecting and partially light-' transmitting with the ratio of the intensity of transmitted light to the intensity of reflected light being dependent upon the angle of incidence of the light and being a maximum when the angle of incidence is normal to said layer, the colors of the light-transmitting layers being 80 selected that when either face of the composite material is viewed by transmitted light from a source of substantially white light the color observed is different from that observed when any light-transmitting layer alone is viewed in like manner.
  • Sheet material as claimed in claim 1 in which each of the light-transmitting layers has a thickness within the range 0.0001 inch to 0.1 inch.
  • Sheet material as claimed in claim 2 in which the thickness of at least one light-transmitting layer is within the range 0.0005 inch to 0.05 inch.
  • Sheet material as claimed in claim 1 in which all of the light-transmitting layers are discontinous, said layer being so disposed in relation to one another that at least some of the light travelling substantially normal to the colored portions of any one layer travels also substantially normal to at least some portions of at least one other layer.
  • Sheet material as claimed in claim 1 including three light-transmitting layers, the remotely disposed layers being of the same color and the other layer being of a different color and having partially light-reflecting and partially light-transmitting layers between each pair of light-transmitting layers.
  • Sheet material as claimed in claim lin which said partially light-reflecting and partially light-transmitting layer is in the form of a layer of spaced discrete particles of a light-reflecting material.
  • Sheet material as claimed in claim M in. which the partially light-reflecting and partially lighttransmitting layer is in the form of a transparent film printed on both sides with an ink containing discrete particles of a highly light-refractive pigment.
  • sheet material as claimed in claim l in which portions of said partially light-reflecting and partially lighttransmitting layer are transparent.
  • Sheet material as claimed in claim l in which portions of said partially light-reflecting and partially lighttransmitting layer are opaque.
  • a product comprising sheet material as claimed in claim 1 incorporated generally centrally within a paper base material with the sheet. material being viewable by light transmitted through said product.
  • Sheet material as claimed in claim l wherein said 25.
  • Sheet material as claimed in claim ll wherein said film-forming materials are cellulose esters.

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US00213706A 1970-12-30 1971-12-29 Materials adapted to exhibit varying visual appearances Expired - Lifetime US3853675A (en)

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GB6171070A GB1375360A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-30 1970-12-30

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US00213706A Expired - Lifetime US3853675A (en) 1970-12-30 1971-12-29 Materials adapted to exhibit varying visual appearances

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US (1) US3853675A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2120128B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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Cited By (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4264665A (en) * 1977-09-28 1981-04-28 Loefberg Hans F Reflex device with marking behind cover layer
WO1991009745A1 (en) * 1987-03-17 1991-07-11 Makow David M Display forms using liquid crystals
US5525177A (en) * 1994-09-01 1996-06-11 Clear Focus Imaging, Inc. Image transfer method for one way vision display panel
US5609938A (en) * 1993-06-23 1997-03-11 Creative Minds Foundation, Inc. Image display apparatus with holes for opposite side viewing
US5773110A (en) * 1994-02-28 1998-06-30 Creative Minds Foundation Window painting apparatus and method
DE19753265A1 (de) * 1997-12-01 1999-06-02 Hans Seitz Textiler Flächenverbund, Verwendung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines textilen Flächenverbundes
US5971556A (en) * 1997-09-24 1999-10-26 Chrysler Corporation Instrument panel having cover with reflection-reduction layer and method of making cover
USRE37186E1 (en) 1984-07-28 2001-05-22 Contra Vision Limited Unidirectional panel
FR2816643A1 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2002-05-17 Arjo Wiggins Sa Support de securite complexe imprimable et son procede de fabrication
US20040191492A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-30 Reilly Jack J. Article displaying edgewise, angular multi-chromatic characteristics and methods of use thereof
US20060021268A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-02 Ochs Steven W Multi-laminate three-dimensional display and methods therefore

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2901150C2 (de) * 1979-01-12 1981-02-19 Gao Gesellschaft Fuer Automation Und Organisation Mbh, 8000 Muenchen Ausweiskarte mit im Auf- und Durchlicht prüf baren Echtheitsmerkmalen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
CH631920A5 (de) * 1981-05-13 1982-09-15 Fis Organisation Ag Ausweiskarte.
GB9025205D0 (en) * 1990-11-20 1991-01-02 Swintex Coloured material

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US1947516A (en) * 1932-10-18 1934-02-20 Broadman Joseph Protecting documents, newspapers, and the like
US2333641A (en) * 1939-03-30 1943-11-09 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Luminous adhesive sheet
US2892383A (en) * 1956-07-02 1959-06-30 Polaroid Corp Light-polarizing process and product
US2961365A (en) * 1954-10-13 1960-11-22 Du Pont Lamination of polyethylene terephthalate structures
US2980533A (en) * 1953-03-06 1961-04-18 Photoceramics Inc Translucent objects decorated with designs or images
US3037419A (en) * 1958-03-13 1962-06-05 Hazeltine Research Inc Directional light-transmissive screen
US3065120A (en) * 1960-08-29 1962-11-20 Mask Off Company Inc Dry transfer decals
US3163554A (en) * 1959-04-17 1964-12-29 Harton S Semple Pictorial film and presentation of visual impressions therefrom
US3264164A (en) * 1962-04-30 1966-08-02 Toscony Inc Color dynamic, three-dimensional flexible film and method of making it
US3429733A (en) * 1965-03-29 1969-02-25 Monsanto Co Method of making a transparent laminate which selectively transmits and reflects radiation over extended spectral ranges
US3442755A (en) * 1965-03-29 1969-05-06 Dow Chemical Co Ornamental paper incorporating plastic elements
US3451877A (en) * 1965-09-07 1969-06-24 Nathan B Herschman Articles for creating unidirectional vision effects
US3581417A (en) * 1968-04-01 1971-06-01 Polaroid Corp An identification card having a transparent layer bonded to an information bearing surface through a nitrocellulose tie-coat
US3620888A (en) * 1966-09-02 1971-11-16 Polaroid Corp Transparent laminate having at least one layer of a cellulose derivative matrix containing infrared absorber

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US3288666A (en) * 1963-04-12 1966-11-29 Celanese Corp Decorative laminates
FR1398817A (fr) * 1964-03-31 1965-05-14 G O Lacroix Sa Des Ets Articles en matière plastique comportant un décor incorporé à trois dimensions, et leur procédé de fabrication
GB1069503A (en) * 1965-08-19 1967-05-17 Elmer Leopold Stein Image-bearing products such as pictures
US3443278A (en) * 1965-10-22 1969-05-13 Rowland Products Inc Apparatus for extruding multicolored sheet material

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1947516A (en) * 1932-10-18 1934-02-20 Broadman Joseph Protecting documents, newspapers, and the like
US2333641A (en) * 1939-03-30 1943-11-09 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Luminous adhesive sheet
US2980533A (en) * 1953-03-06 1961-04-18 Photoceramics Inc Translucent objects decorated with designs or images
US2961365A (en) * 1954-10-13 1960-11-22 Du Pont Lamination of polyethylene terephthalate structures
US2892383A (en) * 1956-07-02 1959-06-30 Polaroid Corp Light-polarizing process and product
US3037419A (en) * 1958-03-13 1962-06-05 Hazeltine Research Inc Directional light-transmissive screen
US3163554A (en) * 1959-04-17 1964-12-29 Harton S Semple Pictorial film and presentation of visual impressions therefrom
US3065120A (en) * 1960-08-29 1962-11-20 Mask Off Company Inc Dry transfer decals
US3264164A (en) * 1962-04-30 1966-08-02 Toscony Inc Color dynamic, three-dimensional flexible film and method of making it
US3429733A (en) * 1965-03-29 1969-02-25 Monsanto Co Method of making a transparent laminate which selectively transmits and reflects radiation over extended spectral ranges
US3442755A (en) * 1965-03-29 1969-05-06 Dow Chemical Co Ornamental paper incorporating plastic elements
US3451877A (en) * 1965-09-07 1969-06-24 Nathan B Herschman Articles for creating unidirectional vision effects
US3620888A (en) * 1966-09-02 1971-11-16 Polaroid Corp Transparent laminate having at least one layer of a cellulose derivative matrix containing infrared absorber
US3581417A (en) * 1968-04-01 1971-06-01 Polaroid Corp An identification card having a transparent layer bonded to an information bearing surface through a nitrocellulose tie-coat

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4264665A (en) * 1977-09-28 1981-04-28 Loefberg Hans F Reflex device with marking behind cover layer
USRE37186E1 (en) 1984-07-28 2001-05-22 Contra Vision Limited Unidirectional panel
WO1991009745A1 (en) * 1987-03-17 1991-07-11 Makow David M Display forms using liquid crystals
US5609938A (en) * 1993-06-23 1997-03-11 Creative Minds Foundation, Inc. Image display apparatus with holes for opposite side viewing
US5773110A (en) * 1994-02-28 1998-06-30 Creative Minds Foundation Window painting apparatus and method
US5525177A (en) * 1994-09-01 1996-06-11 Clear Focus Imaging, Inc. Image transfer method for one way vision display panel
US5971556A (en) * 1997-09-24 1999-10-26 Chrysler Corporation Instrument panel having cover with reflection-reduction layer and method of making cover
DE19753265A1 (de) * 1997-12-01 1999-06-02 Hans Seitz Textiler Flächenverbund, Verwendung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines textilen Flächenverbundes
FR2816643A1 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2002-05-17 Arjo Wiggins Sa Support de securite complexe imprimable et son procede de fabrication
WO2002038368A3 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2002-07-25 Arjo Wiggins Support de securite complexe imprimable et son procede de fabrication
US20040191492A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-30 Reilly Jack J. Article displaying edgewise, angular multi-chromatic characteristics and methods of use thereof
EP1464517A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-10-06 Atofina Article displaying edgewise, angular multi-chromatic characteristics and methods of use thereof
US8158241B2 (en) 2003-03-04 2012-04-17 Arkema France Article displaying edgewise, angular multi-chromatic characteristics
US20060021268A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-02 Ochs Steven W Multi-laminate three-dimensional display and methods therefore

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2120128A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-11
GB1375360A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-27
FR2120128B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-10-03

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