US3852630A - Halogen containing high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp - Google Patents

Halogen containing high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3852630A
US3852630A US00340256A US34025673A US3852630A US 3852630 A US3852630 A US 3852630A US 00340256 A US00340256 A US 00340256A US 34025673 A US34025673 A US 34025673A US 3852630 A US3852630 A US 3852630A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mercury
percent
lamp
weight
discharge vessel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00340256A
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English (en)
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G Wesselink
H Roelofs
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp comprising a discharge vessel whose wall is subjected to a power of between and 100 W per sq.cm during operation of the lamp.
  • the discharge vessel contains halides of given elements.
  • the rare gas which has a relatively low partial pressure, for example, between 5 and 100 Torr serves as an ignition gas.
  • the mercury vapour pressure has a value of between approximately 0.5 and atmospheres and the halides are partly evaporated and decomposed.
  • a lamp filling which is often used in practice is described in Netherlands Pat. No. 137,797 issued on Oct. 3, 1973 (see corresponding British Pat. No. 1,008,339).
  • the lamp described in this Application not only contains a rare gas and mercury but also the iodides of sodium, thallium and indium.
  • Sodium iodide is present in an excess in the lamp, that is to say, unevaporated sodium iodide is still present during operation of the lamp.
  • a very high excess is used in practice.
  • the addition of iodides results in the mercury spectrum of the radiation emitted by the lamp beingsuppressed to a considerable extent.
  • Sodium iodide provides a strong contribution in the yellow part of the spectrum.
  • thallium and indium iodide a strong contribution in the green and blue parts, respectively, of the spectrum is obtained.
  • a high light output and a colour rendition which is satisfactory for general uses can'be achieved with the known lamp.
  • a high-pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp has a discharge vessel whose wall is subjected to a power of between 10. and 100 W per sq.cm during operation of the lamp and which comprises a rare gas as an ignition gas, at least one of the halogens iodine, bromine and chlorine, from 0.5 to 40 mg of mercury per cubic cm of content of the discharge vessel, such a quantity of sodium in the form of sodium halide that unevaporated sodium halide is present during operation, from 0.25 to 25 percent by weight of thallium calculated on the quantity of mercury and from 0 to 15 percent by weight of indium calculated on the quantity of mercury, and is characterized in that the more the metals thallium and possibly indium.
  • the wall of the lamp is to be subjected to a power of between 10 and 100 W per sq. cm cm in order to ensure a wall tempera ture whichis high. enough to reach the desired vapour pressure of the halides.
  • the quantity of mercury is to be chosen within the above-mentioned limits. If .less
  • a too low arc voltage is obtained so'that too little energy is taken up by the lamp.
  • a mercury quantity of more than 40 mg' per cubic cm an unstable discharge is obtained.
  • the quantity of thallium is to be at least 0.25 percent by weight calculated on the quantity of mercury because otherwise a too' low light output isobtained.
  • more than 25 percent by weight of present in' the lamp in the form of calcium halide (for example, Cab) which evaporates during operation of the lamp and entirely or. partly decomposes in the disspectrum of the emitted radiation of a lamp according to the invention. This contribution originates from the calcium monohalide molecules. Furthermore atomic emission lines of calcium are found at approximately 610 and 645 nm.
  • the quantity of halogen in a lamp according to the invention is at least equal to the chemical equivalent of sodium and calcium present, that is to say, the quantity of halogen is sufficient to bind sodium and calcium to v NaX and CaX respectively, in which X represents one or more of the elements I, Br and Cl. It has been found that with this minimum quantity of halogen also the other metals present in the lamp, with the exception of mercury, can be introduced into the discharge in the form of halides of these elements.
  • the maximum quantity of halogen is twice the chemical equivalent of sodium, calcium, thallium and indium present. In fact, if the lamp contains more halogen than the said maximum quantity, an unstable discharge and a low efficiency is obtained.
  • a lamp according to the invention has the advantage that the spectral distribution of the radiation emitted in the red part of the spectrum consists for a considerable part of a broad band. This originates from the calcium monohalide molecules. As is known such a spectral distribution has a favourable influence on the colour rendition of the lamp.
  • a further advantage of a lamp according to the invention is that calcium halide used is not aggressive which is in contrast with lithium iodide used in the known lamps. As a result there is substantially no attack of the wall of the lamp according to the invention and a long lifetime can be achieved with these lamps.
  • Lamps according to the invention are preferred in which the wall load is between 10 and 30 W per sq.cm and which contains from 0.5 to 10 mg of mercury per cubic cm from 5 to 20 percent by weight of thallium and from to 10 percent by weight of indium and in which furthermore the quantity of calcium is between and 20 percent by weight.
  • the highest light outputs and optimum results as regards the colour rendition are achieved with such lamps.
  • a lamp according to the invention has the advantage that the location in the spectrum of the emission band of calcium monohalide can be influenced by suitable choice of the halogen to be used.
  • halogen for CaIthis band is located between approximately 630 and 670 nm, for CaBr between approximately 610 and 640 nm and for CaCl between approximatey 605 and 640 nm.
  • iodine is used as a halogen because bromine and chlorine may give rise to, for example, electrode at tack.
  • a lamp according to the invention up to 50 percent by weight of the quantity of mercury may be advantageously replaced by cadmium.
  • cadmium has the function of a buffer gas.
  • cadmium gives rise to a desirable extra contribution to the light emission in the green and green-blue parts of the spectrum.
  • the discharge vessel furthermore comprises one or more of the elements scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and the lanthanides in a quantity of between 0.l and 40 percent by weight calculated relative to mercury.
  • the quantity of halogen is chosen between the quantity which is chemically equivalent to sodium, calcium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and the lanthanides present and twice the quantity which is chemically equivalent to all metals present, with the exception of mercury and cadmium.
  • the addition of the said extra elements has the advantage that in the spectrum of the radiation emitted by the lamp a desired addition is obtained particularly in the range between 400 and 530 nm.
  • indium may be completely omitted in the lamp filling while yet obtaining a sufficient contribution in the blue part of the spectrum.
  • the omission of indium has the further advantage that generally higher light outputs are obtained.
  • a lamp according to the invention preferably comprises as an extra element neodymium in a quantity of between 3 and 40 percent by weight of the quantity of mercury.
  • the extra contribution provided by neodymium to the spectrum of the radiation emitted by the lamp consists of a large number of lines. Especially in the green-blue part of the spectrum these lines constitute a quasi-continuous radiation contribution so that the colour rendition of the lamp is still further improved.
  • dysprosium (possibly in combination with neodymium) is present as an extra element in a quantity of between 3 and 40 percent by weight (calculated relative to mercury).
  • Dysprosium likewise provides a quasi-continuous contribution and this in substantially the entire visible part of the spectrum so that the colour rendition of the lamp is favourably influenced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a lamp according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows in a graph the spectral distribution of the emitted radiation of a lamp according to the invention.
  • l is a quartz glass discharge vessel of a lamp according to the invention which has a power output of approximately 400 Watts during operation.
  • Pinches 2 and 3 in which current supply elements 4 and 5 have been sealed are formed at both ends of the discharge vessel I. These current supply elements are connected within the discharge vessel to tungsten electrodes 6 and 7 between which the discharge takes place during operation.
  • the discharge vessel 1 is placed in an evacuated or inert gas-filled outer envelope 8, for example, of hard glass which has a pinch 9 at one end through which current supply wires 10 and 11 have been passed in a vacuum-tight manner.
  • the current supply wires 10 and 11 are connected to the current supply elements 4 and 5 and also serve as supporting terminals for the discharge vessel.
  • the discharge vessel I 1 has an internal diameter of 15.5 mm and a content of 7.5 cubic cm. The distance between the electrodes is 41 mm.
  • EXAMPLE I The discharge vessel of a lamp according to FIG. 1 is filled with 35 mg Hg 0.20 Nal mol 7.5 mg Tl l.7 mg In 0. l6 Cal, mol
  • a light output '1 of 56 lm/W and a colour temperature T of the emitted radiation of 5350 K were measured on this lamp.
  • the colour rendering indices were measured (see ClE Publication No. 13 (E- l.3.2.), 1965).
  • the values for Rhd a8 and R were 75 and 63, respectively.
  • the values of colour temperature and colour rendering index of a completely analogous lamp which does not contain Cal were measured. These values were: T 4200 K and R 8 68.5 and RG14 7 Example 2.
  • a lamp as shown in FIG. 1 was provided with 28 mg Hg 0.22 Nal mol 5.2 mg Tl 2 mg In 0.18 Cal: mol 10 mg Cd and furthermore with a mixture of neon and 1 percent of argon up to a pressure of 40 Torr.
  • EXAMPLE 4 A lamp as showri in FIG. 1 was provided with mg Hg 0.08 Na] mol 4.5 mg Tl l.5 mg' In 0.08 Cal,
  • the spectral energy distribution of the radiation emitted by this lamp is shown in the drawing of FIG. 2.
  • the wavelength A is plotted in nm onthe horizontal axis.
  • the emitted radiation energy E per wavelength interval of 5 nm is plotted in arbitrary units on the vertical axis.
  • EXAMPLE 6 A lamp as shown in FIG. 1 was provided with 24 mg Hg 0.l NaI mol 5 mg Tl I mg ln l0 mg ca- 0.l Cal,
  • a high-pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp comprising a discharge vessel whose wall is subjected to a power of between 10 and 100 W per sq.cm. during operation of the lamp and consisting of a rare gas as an ignition gas, at least one of the halogens iodine, bromine and chlorine, from 0.5 to 40 mg of mercury per cubic cm of content of the discharge vessel, such a quantity of sodium in the form of sodium halide that unevaporated sodium halide is present during operation, from 0.25 to 25 percent by weight of thallium calculated on the quantity of mercury and from 0 to percent by weight of indium calculated on the quantity of mercury, wherein the discharge vessel furthermore contains calcium in a quantity of between 1 and 30 percent by weight of the quantity of mercury and that the quantity of halogen is at least equal to the chemical equivalent of sodium and calcium present and is not more than twice the chemical equivalent of sodium, calcium, thallium and indium present.
  • a high-pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1 in which the wall load is between 10 and 30 W per sq.cm and comprising from 0.5 to 10 mg of mercury per cubic cm of content of the discharge vessel, from 5 to 20 percent by weight of thallium and from 0 to 10 percent by weight of indium calculated on the quantity of mercury, and wherein the discharge vessel contains calcium in a quantity of between 5 and 20 percent by weight of the quantity of mercury.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
US00340256A 1972-03-20 1973-03-12 Halogen containing high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime US3852630A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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NL7203720A NL7203720A (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png) 1972-03-20 1972-03-20

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US (1) US3852630A (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
JP (1) JPS4913988A (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
AR (1) AR196519A1 (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
AT (1) AT325149B (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
BE (1) BE797013A (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
BR (1) BR7301932D0 (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
CA (1) CA964324A (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
CH (1) CH563066A5 (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
ES (1) ES412802A1 (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
FR (1) FR2176814B1 (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
GB (1) GB1400976A (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
IT (1) IT980629B (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
NL (1) NL7203720A (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)
SE (1) SE377983B (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0159620A2 (en) * 1984-04-19 1985-10-30 General Electric Company Improved metal halide lamp and lighting systems particularly suitable for architectural lighting
EP0169510A2 (de) * 1984-07-24 1986-01-29 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metallhalogenid-Hochdruckentladungslampe
GB2165392A (en) * 1984-10-09 1986-04-09 Gen Electric Arc tubes
EP0271911A2 (en) * 1986-12-19 1988-06-22 Gte Products Corporation Rare earth halide light source with enhanced red emission
EP0386601A2 (en) * 1989-03-10 1990-09-12 General Electric Company Reprographic metal halide lamps having long life and maintenance
US4992700A (en) * 1989-03-10 1991-02-12 General Electric Company Reprographic metal halide lamps having high blue emission
EP0535311A1 (de) * 1991-09-30 1993-04-07 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Hochdruckentladungslampe kleiner Leistung
US5343118A (en) * 1991-12-30 1994-08-30 General Electric Company Iodine getter for a high intensity metal halide discharge lamp
EP0806791A2 (en) * 1996-05-08 1997-11-12 Osram Sylvania Inc. Metal halide lamp
EP0841686A2 (de) * 1996-11-07 1998-05-13 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metallhalogenid-Hochdruckentladungslampe
WO1998045872A1 (en) * 1997-04-09 1998-10-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Metal halide lamp
EP0949658A2 (en) * 1998-04-08 1999-10-13 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha High pressure mercury lamp
US5973454A (en) * 1996-08-28 1999-10-26 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Short arc type metal halide lamp with encapsulated rare earth metal halides to increase color reproducibility
EP1088322A1 (en) * 1998-06-12 2001-04-04 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Lamp with improved color rendering
EP0925602B1 (de) * 1997-04-21 2002-09-04 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metallhalogenid-entladungslampe mit langer lebensdauer
US6573656B2 (en) * 2000-07-14 2003-06-03 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. High-pressure discharge lamp and method for producing the same
US6731068B2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2004-05-04 General Electric Company Ceramic metal halide lamp
KR100525609B1 (ko) * 1997-04-09 2005-12-21 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. 금속할로겐화물램프
US20060108930A1 (en) * 2004-11-22 2006-05-25 Osram Sylvania Inc. Metal Halide Lamp Chemistries With Magnesium and Indium
US20060178075A1 (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-08-10 Musco Corporation Altering chemicals and removing white oxide coating on high-intensity arc lamp for better performance
WO2006078831A3 (en) * 2005-01-18 2008-11-06 Musco Corp Altering chemicals and removing white oxide coating on high- intensity arc lamp for better performance
US20120126685A1 (en) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-24 Toth Katalin Lamp for incandescent-like color quality

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50133675A (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png) * 1974-04-09 1975-10-23
DE2519377A1 (de) * 1975-04-30 1976-11-11 Patra Patent Treuhand Quecksilberdampf-hochdruckentladungslampe
JPS52118862A (en) * 1976-03-29 1977-10-05 Toshiba Corp Mixed steam discharge lamp
JPS52120586A (en) * 1976-04-01 1977-10-11 Toshiba Corp Metallic vapor discharge lamp

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3398312A (en) * 1965-11-24 1968-08-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp High pressure vapor discharge lamp having a fill including sodium iodide and a free metal
US3445719A (en) * 1967-05-31 1969-05-20 Duro Test Corp Metal vapor lamp with metal additive for improved color rendition and internal self-ballasting filament used to heat arc tube
US3452238A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-06-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metal vapor discharge lamp
US3639801A (en) * 1969-06-27 1972-02-01 Philips Corp High-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1316803A (en) * 1969-07-07 1973-05-16 Gen Electric High intensity arc lamp

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3398312A (en) * 1965-11-24 1968-08-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp High pressure vapor discharge lamp having a fill including sodium iodide and a free metal
US3452238A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-06-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metal vapor discharge lamp
US3445719A (en) * 1967-05-31 1969-05-20 Duro Test Corp Metal vapor lamp with metal additive for improved color rendition and internal self-ballasting filament used to heat arc tube
US3639801A (en) * 1969-06-27 1972-02-01 Philips Corp High-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0159620A2 (en) * 1984-04-19 1985-10-30 General Electric Company Improved metal halide lamp and lighting systems particularly suitable for architectural lighting
EP0159620A3 (en) * 1984-04-19 1987-03-11 General Electric Company Improved metal halide lamp and lighting systems particularly suitable for architectural lighting
EP0169510A2 (de) * 1984-07-24 1986-01-29 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metallhalogenid-Hochdruckentladungslampe
EP0169510A3 (en) * 1984-07-24 1988-09-21 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp
GB2165392A (en) * 1984-10-09 1986-04-09 Gen Electric Arc tubes
EP0271911A2 (en) * 1986-12-19 1988-06-22 Gte Products Corporation Rare earth halide light source with enhanced red emission
US4801846A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-01-31 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Rare earth halide light source with enhanced red emission
EP0271911A3 (en) * 1986-12-19 1990-05-23 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Rare earth halide light source with enhanced red emission
EP0386601A3 (en) * 1989-03-10 1991-05-08 General Electric Company Reprographic metal halide lamps having long life and maintenance
US4992700A (en) * 1989-03-10 1991-02-12 General Electric Company Reprographic metal halide lamps having high blue emission
EP0386601A2 (en) * 1989-03-10 1990-09-12 General Electric Company Reprographic metal halide lamps having long life and maintenance
EP0535311A1 (de) * 1991-09-30 1993-04-07 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Hochdruckentladungslampe kleiner Leistung
US5363007A (en) * 1991-09-30 1994-11-08 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Low-power, high-pressure discharge lamp, particularly for general service illumination use
US5343118A (en) * 1991-12-30 1994-08-30 General Electric Company Iodine getter for a high intensity metal halide discharge lamp
EP0806791A2 (en) * 1996-05-08 1997-11-12 Osram Sylvania Inc. Metal halide lamp
EP0806791A3 (en) * 1996-05-08 1998-01-07 Osram Sylvania Inc. Metal halide lamp
US5973454A (en) * 1996-08-28 1999-10-26 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Short arc type metal halide lamp with encapsulated rare earth metal halides to increase color reproducibility
DE19731703B4 (de) * 1996-08-28 2005-12-15 Ushiodenki K.K. Metallhalogenlampe
EP0841686A2 (de) * 1996-11-07 1998-05-13 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metallhalogenid-Hochdruckentladungslampe
EP0841686A3 (de) * 1996-11-07 1998-06-03 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metallhalogenid-Hochdruckentladungslampe
US5929563A (en) * 1996-11-07 1999-07-27 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Metal halide high pressure discharge lamp
WO1998045872A1 (en) * 1997-04-09 1998-10-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Metal halide lamp
CN100377286C (zh) * 1997-04-09 2008-03-26 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 金属卤化物灯
KR100525609B1 (ko) * 1997-04-09 2005-12-21 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. 금속할로겐화물램프
US6031332A (en) * 1997-04-09 2000-02-29 U.S. Philips Corporation Metal halide lamp having specific filling
EP0925602B1 (de) * 1997-04-21 2002-09-04 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metallhalogenid-entladungslampe mit langer lebensdauer
EP0949658A2 (en) * 1998-04-08 1999-10-13 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha High pressure mercury lamp
EP0949658A3 (en) * 1998-04-08 2000-03-22 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha High pressure mercury lamp
US6469444B1 (en) 1998-06-12 2002-10-22 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Lamp with improved color rendering
EP1088322A4 (en) * 1998-06-12 2001-09-19 Fusion Lighting Inc LAMP WITH IMPROVED COLOR RENDERING
EP1088322A1 (en) * 1998-06-12 2001-04-04 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Lamp with improved color rendering
US6573656B2 (en) * 2000-07-14 2003-06-03 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. High-pressure discharge lamp and method for producing the same
US6731068B2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2004-05-04 General Electric Company Ceramic metal halide lamp
US20060108930A1 (en) * 2004-11-22 2006-05-25 Osram Sylvania Inc. Metal Halide Lamp Chemistries With Magnesium and Indium
US7256546B2 (en) * 2004-11-22 2007-08-14 Osram Sylvania Inc. Metal halide lamp chemistries with magnesium and indium
US20060178075A1 (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-08-10 Musco Corporation Altering chemicals and removing white oxide coating on high-intensity arc lamp for better performance
WO2006078831A3 (en) * 2005-01-18 2008-11-06 Musco Corp Altering chemicals and removing white oxide coating on high- intensity arc lamp for better performance
US20120126685A1 (en) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-24 Toth Katalin Lamp for incandescent-like color quality

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Publication number Publication date
SE377983B (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png) 1975-08-04
BR7301932D0 (pt) 1974-07-11
IT980629B (it) 1974-10-10
CH563066A5 (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png) 1975-06-13
ES412802A1 (es) 1976-01-01
FR2176814B1 (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png) 1976-09-10
GB1400976A (en) 1975-07-16
NL7203720A (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png) 1973-09-24
BE797013A (fr) 1973-09-19
JPS4913988A (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png) 1974-02-06
AR196519A1 (es) 1974-02-06
FR2176814A1 (US20100012521A1-20100121-C00001.png) 1973-11-02
CA964324A (en) 1975-03-11
DE2307631A1 (de) 1973-10-04
AT325149B (de) 1975-10-10
DE2307631B2 (de) 1976-11-04
AU5338973A (en) 1974-09-19

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