US3852022A - Liquid fuel burner head - Google Patents

Liquid fuel burner head Download PDF

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Publication number
US3852022A
US3852022A US00402374A US40237473A US3852022A US 3852022 A US3852022 A US 3852022A US 00402374 A US00402374 A US 00402374A US 40237473 A US40237473 A US 40237473A US 3852022 A US3852022 A US 3852022A
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United States
Prior art keywords
air
nozzle
chambers
shaped surface
truncated
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00402374A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Medeot
F Cianfrone
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OFR Officine Fratelli Riello SpA
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OFR Officine Fratelli Riello SpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads

Definitions

  • An improved fuel burner head comprising a fuel atompp Noel 402,374 izing nozzle and a structure coaxial to said nozzle that forms two coaxially located chambers for feeding the [30] Foreign Application Priority Data comburent air from a known air blower to a zone 0 6 1972 I l 30178 72 wherein said air is mixed with the fuel for forming and ct. ta y maintaining a flame.
  • F23c 5/06 amount Smaller than that stoichiometricany required 58 Field of Search 431/265, 264, 115, 187, for the Combustion, and respectively a second Outer 431/186, 239/423, 424, 420 flow in an amount at least complemental to the I stoichiometric amount and in the form of a [56] References Cited cone-shaped laminar flow converging toward a point UNITED STATES PATENTS located on the nozzle axis and behind said nozzle.
  • gas oil burners that are designed to operate within a well limited environment, as e.g. the furnace (usually having an elongated cylindric shape) of boilers for domestic-heating applications or the like.
  • burner head means an assembly adapted to start and maintain the combustion, usually in the form of an elongated flame, said assembly comprising a nozzle that is fed with a pressure liquid fuel and delivers an atomized fuel jet, as well as a system of chambers, passages and outlet openings, suitably connected with a fan or blower in order to meteredly deliver one or more air streams, having pre-set flow rate, pressure and distribution conditions and adapted to thoroughly mix with said atomized fuel to start and maintain the flame formation.
  • Such burner heads should desirably ensure a complete oxidation of all carbon present in the fuel, as well as a steady and efficient flame, in order to attain the highest yield of the heat source. Accordingly, the combustion phenomenon should be established by presetting a combustible/comburent ratio such that the oxigen amount in the air fed by the blower be in a suitable, but not too high excess over the oxigen amount as stoichiometrically required for the complete carbon oxidation. Moreover, the combustion process should be carried-out, as far as possible, with the fuel in a gaseous condition, i.e., after the liquid droplets delivered by the nozzle have been gasified. Additionally, it is highly desirable that no smoke (revealing the presence of unburnt carbon particles) be discharged from the furnace, and that no carbon scales be formed on the furnace walls and/or head components.
  • one object of this invention is to provide an improved liquid fuel burner head comprising a system of passages and outlet openings for. the comburent air, that is subdivided into two flows, namely a flow for the initial combustion of atomized liquid fuel (that may be even incorrectly defined as primary air") and a flow for the final combustion of gasified fuel and the dilution of combustion products by means of induced streams within the furnace.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved burner head comprising separate outlet passages for said flows, said passages being suitably directed and complying with given geometric parameters in order to ensure that said sequential distribution of combustion steps completely occur outside the burner head, thus practically avoiding any formation of carbon deposits on the furnace walls or at any rate on the head components, as well as ensuring a long useful life of burner head and decreasing the periodic servicing requirements thereof.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide an improved burner head having an unusually simple design and that can be adjusted in many different ways for complying with different specific application and operation requirements.
  • the improved burner head is essentially characterized in that it comprises in a structural assembly surrounding a nozzle and coaxial thereto two coaxially located chambers both connected, through passages having a free cross-sectional area adapted to quantitatively separate the fed air, with an already known blower, each of said chambers having a single or multiple outlet port,"namely a first port directly adjacent to nozzle outlet orifice (for feeding the primary air flow) and respectively a second port at a pre-established radial distance from the nozzle axis, said second (single or multiple) outlet port comprising at least one essentially truncated-cone shaped wall that is directed in such a manner as to form an essentially laminar air flow (or crown of flows) converging toward the nozzle axis in a point beyond the outlet orifice thereof, and forming a gaseous barrier or curtain that circumscribes an essentially conical space wherein the ignition and initial combustion of atomized fuel occur,
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a preferred embodiment of this invention taken along a symmetry plane extending across the nozzle axis and comprising a few inner components shown in side view.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged view of the same improved head, as seen from the plane and in the direction indicated by IIII in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view showing detail of primary air outlet opening taken along the cylindric plane IIIIII in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the burner head as operatively mounted within an essentially cylindric shaped furnace, along with an approximate indication of space zones outside the same head, wherein the complete combustion process is controllably distributed in order to obtain a low brightness bluish flame.
  • the burner head is structurally and operatively associated with the outlet section of a preferably centrifugal blower of an already known type, that delivers comburent air in a required excess (from 3 to 45 percent over the stoichiometric amount) and under a required pressure, e.g., 40 50 mms. H 0.
  • the head assembly includes a composite structure, whose main components are concentri-cally fitted about the axis of a fuel conveying rod 12, carrying an atomizing nozzle 14 at one end and a pipe fitting 16 for a meteredly fuel feeding duct at the other end thereof.
  • Said fuel conveying rod may be supported by a bracket 18 that is in turn supported by a rod 20 secured, e.g., to a wall 22 of burner body.
  • Said rod 12 is preferably threaded in order to allow an adjustment of the axial position thereof, together with all components structurally associated therewith.
  • Said components comprise an essentially tubular inner body 24 that defines an inner chamber 26 having a front diaphragm 28, wherein a primary air outlet orifice 30 is provided in front of the atomizing nozzle 14.
  • a primary air outlet orifice 30 is provided in front of the atomizing nozzle 14. The details of said orifice will be disclosed later on.
  • the front end of said inner body shows a smooth truncated-cone shaped surface 32, having a geometric vertex V lying on the nozzle axis and a vertex angle A preferably in the range of 65 50, said truncatedcone shaped surface 32 showing an end sharp corner 34 at its minor base to ensure the displacement of a laminar air flow that licks said surface at a high speed.
  • the shown head also comprises a substantially cylindric outer body 36 that is fastened to the burner structure, namely to the blower delivery section 10, and defines an outer chamber 38 directly communicating with said blower delivery section and wherein an air pressure as resulting from the blower flow and the free cross-sections of outlet passages is established.
  • Said inner chamber 26 communicates with the outer chamber 38 through a crown of passages 40, whose free sections can be adjustably restricted, e.g., by
  • outer body 36 that is preferably kept coaxial with the inner body 24 by a crown of longitudinal fins 44, shows a truncated-cone shaped narrowing section 46, ending with a lip 48 circumscribing the truncated-cone shaped surface 32 and defining, together with said latter surface, an outlet annular passage for the secondary air.
  • the free cross-section of said annular passage can be adjusted with the highest accuracy by axially shifting the inner body 24 in respect of the outer body 36.
  • said annular passage that is continuous in the considered example, may be subdivided into neighbouring sectors, without prejudicing the operation and advantages of improved head.
  • said outlet annular passage may be subdivided into sectors by radially extending fins or baffles, adapted to ensure an accurate coaxiality between surface 32 and lip 48, respectively defining the inner and outer contours of said outlet passage.
  • said annular passage ensures that an essentially laminar air flow is formed by the air fed to the chamber 38 and leaving the head outside, said laminar flow being in the form of a cone-shaped jet that displaces from the sharp corner 34 and flows toward the vertex V of a cone partly formed by said surface 32.
  • the burner head obviously comprises all usual fittings, as eg a photosensitive element 50 for a burner thermal control, ignition electrodes 52, and so on.
  • the primary air outlet opening 30 should also be able to ensure a ready mixing of said primary air with the atomized fuel flowing from nozzle 14, as well as a suitable distribution of the initially burning mixture within the cone-shaped space, as defined by said vertex V and said corner basis 34. Therefore said opening is preferably formed by a suitably thinned inner portion 54 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) of diaphragm 28, having an axial bore 56 (see FIG. 2) wherefrom a plurality of suitably slanting radially directed slits 58 extend in order to induce at least a part of primary air flow to form a vortex and thereby to expand within said cone-shaped space.
  • a burner as previously described can be suitably adjusted (e.g. by acting on the ring nut 42) to preferably maintain the ratio of secondary or annularly delivered air to primary or axially delivered air, in a range of 0.4 3.5, said burner being fed with an air pressure value such that the secondary air flow speed along the truncated-cone shaped surface 32 be in the range of 24-30 m/sec.
  • said values can obviously undergo to wide changes, according to the head capacity and sizes, as well as to the angle of cone-shaped surface 32 and the like.
  • the communication between the chambers 38 and 26 should preferably include a portion (e.g., between the ring nut 42 and the inlets of passages 40) having a free cross-section smaller than that of primary air outlet 30, in order to allow said primary air to flowout at a speed much smaller than that of secondary air, or at any rate in order to avoid any prejudice to the laminarity and directional regularity of secondary air,
  • the essentially laminar flow of secondary (or annular) air defines an inner zone 2 wherein the combustion is stated under conditions of comburent deficiency and obviously with a local formation of a small, intensely colored flame, due to unburnt or only partially burnt incandescent particles; however, the gasification of unburnt fraction of liquid fuel is practically completed within said zone.
  • the secondary air converging laminar flow L operates in different ways.
  • the flow inner limit layer exerts an intensive induction on the fuel-primary air mixture, and mixes with the same to complete the combustion and reach the stoichiometric value.
  • the flow outer limit layer induces recycling flows C within the furnace, in order to progressively dilute the burning mixture with the same combustion products.
  • An improved liquid fuel burner head comprising coaxial components, a nozzle for delivering a jet of atomized fuel in a direction coincident with the axis of said components and means to deliver flows of comburent air all around said fuel jet, wherein coaxial chambers are formed within said components, to which pressure air is fed in an amount smaller than the stoichiometrically required amount, for the formation of primary air or initial combustion flow, and respectively in an amount at least complemental to attain said stoichiometric amount, for the formation of a secondary air flow adapted to complete the combustion, said chambers comprising systems of axial andrespectively annular openings and passages coaxial with said component axis, said annular system delivering said secondary air flow comprising means for quidedly delivering pressure air in the form of a converging, essentially laminar flow that encompasses an inner space wherein an initial combustion with comburent air deficiency occurs, and surrounds an outer space wherein said combustion is completed and the burning mixture is diluted by
  • an improved head wherein the outer chamber of said coaxial chambers comprises an air delivering system including a passage defined between a truncated-cone shaped surface having an imaginary vertex coincident with said axis, and an outer component having an edge surrounding said truncatedcone shaped surface and acting to force the air delivered between said surface and component to assume an essentially laminar form, licking said cone-shaped surface and then continuing toward said vertex.
  • an air delivering system including a passage defined between a truncated-cone shaped surface having an imaginary vertex coincident with said axis, and an outer component having an edge surrounding said truncatedcone shaped surface and acting to force the air delivered between said surface and component to assume an essentially laminar form, licking said cone-shaped surface and then continuing toward said vertex.
  • an improved head according to claim 3 wherein said outer chamber outlet system comprises guide means to form a cone-shaped laminar flow, having a vertex angle in the range of 65 5.
  • an inner essentially tubular body comprises an outer portion forming said truncated-cone shaped surface and surrounding said nozzle, near the plane perpendicular to said axis and extending across said nozzle, and wherein an outer tubular body comprises an end portion surrounding said truncated-cone shaped surface and converging toward the inside, said portion comprising in turn said end sharp edge.
  • an inner space of said outer body freely communicates with a delivery side of an comburent air blower, as well as with an inner space of said inner body, through passages having a free cross section adapted to subdivide said comburent air between said outlet systems of said inner and outer chambers.
US00402374A 1972-10-06 1973-10-01 Liquid fuel burner head Expired - Lifetime US3852022A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT30178/72A IT969367B (it) 1972-10-06 1972-10-06 Testa a ricircolazione esterna per bruciatori di combustibili liquidi

Publications (1)

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US3852022A true US3852022A (en) 1974-12-03

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US00402374A Expired - Lifetime US3852022A (en) 1972-10-06 1973-10-01 Liquid fuel burner head

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US (1) US3852022A (xx)
AT (1) AT336155B (xx)
BE (1) BE805321A (xx)
CA (1) CA983381A (xx)
DE (2) DE2346960A1 (xx)
ES (1) ES196069Y (xx)
FR (1) FR2202580A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1449906A (xx)
IT (1) IT969367B (xx)
NL (1) NL7313701A (xx)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047879A (en) * 1975-06-27 1977-09-13 Canadian Patents And Development Limited Oil burner assembly
US4285664A (en) * 1979-04-02 1981-08-25 Voorheis James T Burner for a plurality of fluid streams
US4334854A (en) * 1977-06-29 1982-06-15 Smit Ovens Nijmegen B.V. Method of controlling the combustion of liquid fuel
US4361285A (en) * 1980-06-03 1982-11-30 Fluid Kinetics, Inc. Mixing nozzle
US4531673A (en) * 1982-08-13 1985-07-30 Pennwalt Corporation Spray jet polymer powder wetter
US4655706A (en) * 1982-09-27 1987-04-07 Otis Engineering Corporation Burner
US4657504A (en) * 1985-06-28 1987-04-14 Chugai Ro Co., Ltd. Combustion burner
US4695245A (en) * 1984-05-05 1987-09-22 Heinz Kotzmann Combustion process with ionization control
US4698014A (en) * 1985-03-05 1987-10-06 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Method and apparatus for the low-wear atomization of liquid highly viscous and/or suspended fuel intended for combustion or gasification in burner flames
US6010330A (en) * 1997-04-07 2000-01-04 Eastman Chemical Company Faired lip protuberance for a burner nozzle
US6102687A (en) * 1998-09-28 2000-08-15 U.S. Department Of Energy Simplified configuration for the combustor of an oil burner using a low pressure, high flow air-atomizing nozzle
US6244855B1 (en) 1999-08-11 2001-06-12 R. W. Beckett Corporation Burner with air flow adjustment
US6402505B1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2002-06-11 Denso Corporation Combustion device
US20100062384A1 (en) * 2008-09-05 2010-03-11 Eric Lavoie Oil burning system
US20140000297A1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-02 Air Liquide Industrial U.S. L.P. Production of Particles from Liquids or Suspensions with Liquid Cryogens
US20140004475A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2014-01-02 Ns Plant Designing Corporation Top-firing hot blast stove
US11052729B2 (en) * 2016-07-18 2021-07-06 Webasto SE Burner and vehicle heater

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2807186C2 (de) * 1978-02-20 1986-03-20 Bieler & Lang GmbH, 7590 Achern Mischkopf für Kohlenwasserstoff-, insbesondere Heizöl-Brenner, mit kleinen Brennstoffdurchsatzmengen
DD159018A3 (de) * 1981-04-10 1983-02-16 Werner Penske Brenner fuer fluessige brennstoffe
GB2123946B (en) * 1982-05-24 1986-05-21 Freiberg Brennstoffinst Flat flame burner
FR2582781A1 (fr) * 1985-06-04 1986-12-05 Mueller Rudolf Bruleur pour chaudiere a combustion liquide avec circuit de recyclage des gaz de combustion
DE3520781A1 (de) * 1985-06-10 1986-12-11 Stubinen Utveckling AB, Stockholm Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verbrennen fluessiger und/oder fester brennstoffe in pulverisierter form
FR2648897A1 (fr) * 1989-06-22 1990-12-28 Mueller Rudolf Bruleur a flux torique-cyclonique pour chaudiere a combustible liquide et gazeux
CN111981512B (zh) * 2020-07-31 2022-09-02 中国航发贵阳发动机设计研究所 一种燃油空气雾化装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2585081A (en) * 1948-05-05 1952-02-12 Charles Bernhard Combustion apparatus for liquid fuel
US3051228A (en) * 1960-02-09 1962-08-28 Lennox Ind Inc Oil burner
US3576384A (en) * 1968-11-29 1971-04-27 British American Oil Co Multinozzle system for vortex burners

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2585081A (en) * 1948-05-05 1952-02-12 Charles Bernhard Combustion apparatus for liquid fuel
US3051228A (en) * 1960-02-09 1962-08-28 Lennox Ind Inc Oil burner
US3576384A (en) * 1968-11-29 1971-04-27 British American Oil Co Multinozzle system for vortex burners

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047879A (en) * 1975-06-27 1977-09-13 Canadian Patents And Development Limited Oil burner assembly
US4334854A (en) * 1977-06-29 1982-06-15 Smit Ovens Nijmegen B.V. Method of controlling the combustion of liquid fuel
US4285664A (en) * 1979-04-02 1981-08-25 Voorheis James T Burner for a plurality of fluid streams
US4361285A (en) * 1980-06-03 1982-11-30 Fluid Kinetics, Inc. Mixing nozzle
US4531673A (en) * 1982-08-13 1985-07-30 Pennwalt Corporation Spray jet polymer powder wetter
US4655706A (en) * 1982-09-27 1987-04-07 Otis Engineering Corporation Burner
US4695245A (en) * 1984-05-05 1987-09-22 Heinz Kotzmann Combustion process with ionization control
US4698014A (en) * 1985-03-05 1987-10-06 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Method and apparatus for the low-wear atomization of liquid highly viscous and/or suspended fuel intended for combustion or gasification in burner flames
US4657504A (en) * 1985-06-28 1987-04-14 Chugai Ro Co., Ltd. Combustion burner
US6010330A (en) * 1997-04-07 2000-01-04 Eastman Chemical Company Faired lip protuberance for a burner nozzle
US6102687A (en) * 1998-09-28 2000-08-15 U.S. Department Of Energy Simplified configuration for the combustor of an oil burner using a low pressure, high flow air-atomizing nozzle
US6402505B1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2002-06-11 Denso Corporation Combustion device
US6244855B1 (en) 1999-08-11 2001-06-12 R. W. Beckett Corporation Burner with air flow adjustment
US6382959B2 (en) 1999-08-11 2002-05-07 R. W. Beckett Corporation Burner with air flow adjustment
US20100062384A1 (en) * 2008-09-05 2010-03-11 Eric Lavoie Oil burning system
US8052418B2 (en) 2008-09-05 2011-11-08 Energy Efficiency Solutions, Llc Oil burning system
US8672672B2 (en) 2008-09-05 2014-03-18 Energy Efficiency Solutions, Llc Oil burning system
US20140004475A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2014-01-02 Ns Plant Designing Corporation Top-firing hot blast stove
US9518306B2 (en) * 2011-03-15 2016-12-13 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering Co., Ltd Top-firing hot blast stove
US20140000297A1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-02 Air Liquide Industrial U.S. L.P. Production of Particles from Liquids or Suspensions with Liquid Cryogens
US11052729B2 (en) * 2016-07-18 2021-07-06 Webasto SE Burner and vehicle heater

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA983381A (en) 1976-02-10
DE2346960A1 (de) 1974-04-11
DE2350151A1 (de) 1974-04-18
NL7313701A (xx) 1974-04-09
FR2202580A5 (xx) 1974-05-03
ATA851973A (de) 1976-08-15
ES196069Y (es) 1975-07-01
GB1449906A (en) 1976-09-15
BE805321A (fr) 1974-01-16
AT336155B (de) 1977-04-25
ES196069U (es) 1975-02-16
IT969367B (it) 1974-03-30

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