US2585081A - Combustion apparatus for liquid fuel - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 12, 1952 e. BERNHARD COMBUSTION APPARATUS FOR LIQUID FUEL 2 SHEETS-SHEET Filed May 5, 1948 JNVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

m d M A I'll/I192 Patented Feb. 12, 1952 UNITED STATES IPIATENTI- OFFICE; COMBUSTION USFOR LIQUID Y 7 George Bernhard, Hewlett, N. Y., assignor of onehalf to Charles Bernhard, Great Neck, N. Y..

Application May 5, 1948, Serial No. 25,152 I This invention relates to combustion apparatus, and particularly to devices utilizing liquid fuel and known in the trade as oil burners.

While it is a fact that oil burners are on the market which are based on proper theories of fuel control and air supply, the difiiculties encountered in installation and in servicing have resulted in a widespread situation of inefilciently operating burners being in constant use. In order that an oil burner may be properly installed, serviced and made to function with best efficiency, latitude in adapting the burner to installation in difierent makes of furnaces is necessary, and at the same time afi'ording ready access by the Serviceman to make inspections and are to improve the means of retention of parts;

simplicity of construction, assembly and use in general; and to obtain a highly efficient oil burner with minimum parts and adjustments.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear to those skilled in the art to which it appertains as the description proceeds, both by direct recitation thereof and by implication from the context.

In the accompanying drawings in which like numerals of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views;

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a combustion apparatus in accordance with my invention;

Figures 2 and 3 are cross-sections on lines 2--2 and 3--3 respectively of Fig. 1;

Figure 4 is a view partially in elevation and partially in longitudinal section showing the airvalve and its adjustable mounting;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the air valve and associated parts partially withdrawn from the secondary air tube;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the blast tube from which the service cover and the whirl chamber and cap are partially removed for illustrative advantage;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary longitudinal section of the blast tube at its end next the main housing and showing a modified attachment therebetween; and

6 Claims. (01. 158-76) Figure 8 is a cross-section 'on' line 8 -8 of Fig. 7.

In the specific embodiment of the invention 11-- lustrated in said drawings, the'reference numeral l0 designates the main housing which'provides for appropriate mounting and operation'of a fan or blower II for creating the copious air supply required for apparatus of the character indicated. At the rear of this housing is an opening or'hatch I2 for access to the interior, said hatch being normally closed with a cover (not shown) in operation of the burner. At the front of the housing, aligned with the rear opening or hatch I2 is a forward opening defined by a forwardly protruding hollow neck l3. Said neck constitutesa supporting means for a tubularjacket or blast tube I4 projecting forwardly from said neck and attached thereto.. Coaxial to and within the blast tube 14 is an inner tube l5 considerablysmaller and much closer to the end of the blast tube so as to provide an annular passage I6 between the inner tube and the blast tube for the primary air flow from the housing to the forward ends of said tubes. The interior of inner tube l5 in like manner constitutes a passage IT for the secondary air flow from the housingto the forward end of said inner tube. At the forward end of the blasttu'be I4 is a hollow nose or air concentrator l8 the interior whereof constitutes a whirl chamber by virtue of a plurality of spiral vanes. l9 therein.

For installations where needed, further air concentration may be obtained by addition of a frusto-conical hollow. nose extension or choke ring 20 secured on the forward part of said nose as by screws 2 I. Said hollow nose l8 andapplied choke ring together are referred to herein as a cap. Attention is directed to the fact that the forward end of inner. tube l5 converges somewhat in its approach to and projection through hollow nose l8 whereby secondary air velocity at the end of said tube is increased, and said nose likewise has a converging relation to the nose therebyalso increasing theprimary air velocity from the nose. In those installations where the nose extension is employedthe furtherconstriction introduced thereby additionally increases the velocity of the primary air-which adds velocity impetus to the stream of secondaryair enveloped thereby. While nose l8 terminatesrearwardly of the end of the inner tube, the extension 20 on the nose brings the effective outlet forwardly beyond-the end of the inner tube. :While convergence of the nose end ofcthe-air passages effects an increase in velocity of the-air, it also tends to obstruct the-air so hat there is-in velocity and increase the air volume by omission v of the nose extension. The burner thus con- I justed relation to the valve seat at the rear end structed is adapted to more universal use on varl ous installation requirements.

Coaxially within tube I5 is a.fuel feed pi e'zz 1 the forward end of which carries a usual or atomizing nozzle 23. The rear end of the coaxial feed pipe extends to the rear opening or hatch =l2 of the housing and is there provided with an elbow, 24 for connection, by pipe 25-, to the usual fuel pump (not shown) or other source of fuel supply. Said feed-pipe .22 preferably fixed with respect to the housing, and by attachment to aspider bracket 2fiis maintained coaxial within ,said tube l5. Said spider bracket has 'slidable engagement with the inner wall of. said inner tube therebypermitting longitudinal adjustment of saidtube without disturbing the position of the spider, feed .pipe. or nozzle. The spider also makes provision for support and retention of spark-forming electrodes 27 extending therefrom longitudinally of the feed pipe forwardly we next. the.,-fue'l-ejecting forward end of the nozzle for igniting the fuel and instigating the name. Electric cables or wires 28 connect to and extend rearwardly from said electrodes 21 and make exit through the housing l0 and hatch l2. Appropriate support for these cables maybeprovided, as required, by atrefoil'or other bracket 2% mounted on the fuel feed pipe 22.

. [On the outside of inner tube l5 are'secured a pluralityof longitudinal fins 39 thelouter edges of which have sliding contact with the inner surface of blast tube l4 thereby holding said tubes coaxial to each other but permitting the inner tube to be longitudinally adjustedwith respect to the outer or blast tube. An adjusting ,bar 3| is .secured' to one of the fins 30, extending rearwardly therefrom in juxtaposition to. a longitudinal slot 32,..inthe wall of the blast tube and 1 has a screw 33 projecting from the bar through the slot movable in said slot forshifting the bar and inner tube lengthwise of the slot and tube. Awvingnut 34 on the screw constitutes a convenient means for clamping the barv in place and thus holding the inner tube fixed in its adjusted position H I Qflhe rear end of inner tube I 5 ,censtitutesan annular seat 35 for engagement by a forwardly facing valve head 36 coaxial therewith and slidable upon fuel pipe 22. This valve 'head is cohstructed, arranged and retained to enable a wide range of adjustment of secondary airflow'to be obtained for-the inner tube; as the valve head may "seat against the end' of said tube or 'may be retractedyaryin'g distances/to admit air up to the full capacity of the tube. As shown, the adjustment for said valve is by means of an arm '31 jprojecting radially therefrom in aflocatioh substantially diametrically opposite from the inner tube adjusting bar. 'f'his'locatio'n' is preferred so as to enable a workman to conveniently manipulate the inner tube adjustment and the valve head adjustment simultaneously "withhis two "tube. an-adjusting screw 38 extends 'i'otatably 4 through said arm next the outer end of the arm with the screw paralleling the tube axis and the screw head at the rear side of the arm. The screw extends forwardly and threads into a circumferentially projecting leg 39 of an L-bracket the other leg of which is secured to one of the fins of -the inner tube I5. A compression spring 40 surrounds the screw and applies resilient pressure to the radial arm 31 so as to keep the arm against the screw head in any adjusted position of the screw, Manipulation of said screw will accordingly locate the valve head in desired adof the inner tube and retain that adjustment irrespective of-adjustment made of the location of the inner tube with respect to the outer tube and its' nose. A conveniently large hand hole 4| is made in the outer tube in vicinity of the valve head and its adjusting arm. As here shown, said hand hole'is 'of elongated rectangular shape extending from approximatelythe valve to the rear end of said blast tube, and is closed in use of the combustion apparatus by a suitable cover 42.

A'further feature of the invention resides in the convenient mounting of the blast tube upon the housingand assembly of the inner tube and valve therewith enabling ready removal of the several .parts from the housing, as well as the simple return of or replacement of parts to their appointed places. In furtherance of this feature, the ,rear end of the blast tube where attaching to the housing neck I3, is longitudinally split as far as the hand holeso as to be diametrically expandible and contractible to fit the neck and to begrelea'sable therefrom. In Figures, 1, 2 and 3 the blast tube is constructed to be applied to the exteriorsurface of the neck and to be clamped thereon .by a contracting clamp collar 43 of the .general characterization of a hose clamp. In Figures '7 and 8,- the rearsplit end of the blast tube is inserted within the hollow neck 13 and expanded and clamped by segmental arcuate clarnpmembers 44 each of which has end portions .eidirected toward each other on a chordal line. lheend portions, here referred to as a pair, of :one clamp member are parallel to the pair of end portions, of. the other member. A screw 46 extends from one endportion of one pair to a corresponding end portion of the other pair and by virtue thereof the clamp members may be forced outward -to clamp the blast tube against the inside wall of the housing neck.

-I claim:

1. Combustion apparatus comprising a housing having a front opening, a blast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within said blast-tube longitudinally adjustable therein, an adjustable valve head at an end of said inner etuhe and adjusting means at opposite sides of the blast tube, one said adjusting means'being attached in part tothe blast tube and in part to the inner tube and the other adjusting means being carried'in part by theinner tube and in part by thevalve head.

* '2'. Combustion apparatus comprising a housing having a front opening, a blast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within said -blast tube longitudinally adjustable therein, longitudinal fins on said inner tube projecting radially therefrom and having guiding engagement with the blast tube, an adjustable valve head at 'an end of said inner tube, and two adjusting means, onefor adjustment of the inner tube having connection with one fin and the blast tube,

and the other for adjustment of the valve head having connection with another fin and the valve head.

3. Combustion apparatus comprising a hous ing having a front opening, a blast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within said blast tube longitudinally adjustable therein, diametrically opposite longitudinal fins on said inner tube projecting radially therefrom and having guiding engagement with the blast tube, an adjustable valve head at an end of said inner tube, and two adjusting means of which one is diametrically opposite the other and of which one is connected to one of said fins and the other is connected to a diametrically opposite fin and one of said adjusting means being connected with said blast tube and the other being connected to said valve head.

4. Combustion apparatus comprising a housing having a front opening, a blast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within said blast tube longitudinally adjustable therein, an adjustable valve head at an end of said inner tube, adjusting means for said valve head adjacent the same and wholly Within said blast tube, said blast tube having a hand opening next said adjusting means, and a movable cover for said opening whereby access may be gained to said adjusting means.

5. Combustion apparatus comprising a housing having a front opening, a blast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within said blast tube longitudinally adjustable therein, an adjustable valve head at an end of said inner tube, adjusting means for said valve head adjacent the same and wholly Within the said blast tube, said blast tube having a hand opening next said adjusting means, and a movable cover for said opening whereby access may be gained to said adjusting means, and adjusting means at one side of the exterior of said blast tube for adjusting the position of the inner tube in the blast tube.

6. Combustion apparatus comprising a housing having a front opening, a blast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within said blast tube longitudinally adjustable therein, an adjustable valve head at an end of said inner tube, adjusting means for said valve head adjacent the same and within said blast tube, said blast tube having a hand opening next said adjusting means and a movable cover for said opening whereby access may be gained to said adjusting means, and adjusting means at the exterior of said blast tube diametrically on the opposite side of the blast tube from said hand opening for adjusting the position of the inner tube in the blast tube.

GEORGE BERNHARD.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 183,494 Draper Oct. 24, 1876 2,120,387 Bargeboer June 14, 1938 2,131,553 DeLin Sept. 27, 1938 2,156,405 Smoot May 2, 1939 2,215,101 Haas e Sept. 1'7, 1940 2,221,519 Jones, et al Nov. 12, 1940 2,222,031 Hammer Nov. 19, 1940 2,233,529 Herr Mar. 4, 1941 2,325,443 Vroom July 27, 1943 2,393,897 Glendenning Jan. 29, 1946

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