US3851202A - Method and apparatus for increasing the useful life of a quartz envelope in a high power light source - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for increasing the useful life of a quartz envelope in a high power light source Download PDF

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Publication number
US3851202A
US3851202A US00309808A US30980872A US3851202A US 3851202 A US3851202 A US 3851202A US 00309808 A US00309808 A US 00309808A US 30980872 A US30980872 A US 30980872A US 3851202 A US3851202 A US 3851202A
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United States
Prior art keywords
quartz
envelope
arc
titanium
radiation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00309808A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Troue
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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Priority to US00309808A priority Critical patent/US3851202A/en
Priority to DE2358573A priority patent/DE2358573A1/de
Priority to JP48131827A priority patent/JPS4984084A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3851202A publication Critical patent/US3851202A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/38—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
    • H01J61/40—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by light filters; by coloured coatings in or on the envelope

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to high power arc light sources and more particularly to an apparatus and method for increasing the useful-life of the light transmittingenvelope in a high power arc light source and in particular to a light source whose arc generates a high intensity predominately continuous spectral distribution of light including ultraviolet short wave radiation below 1600 Angstroms.
  • high power arc light radiators particularly for generating radiant energy in the short wave length ultraviolet region
  • arc radiation type wherein a pair of electrodes are spaced at opposite ends within an arc chamber defined by a transparent tubular envelope which is almost invariably formed from quartz.
  • These devices usually operate with a continuous flow of swirling inert gas injected into the pressurized chamber in the space between the electrodes.
  • inert gas any inert gas may be employed, argon is preferred because of availability and economics of operation.
  • double envelopes had some serious disadvantages, namely; they increased the complexity and cost of the sources and they decreased the radiant output since there were two mediums through which the light had to be transmitted.
  • the present invention is concerned solely with increasing the reliability and permissible accumulated operating times of arc light sources by increasing the longevity of the quartz envelope, i.e., rendering the envelope less susceptible to deterioration and more tolerable to the harsh environment and intense radiation to which it is subjected.
  • FIG. 1 schemetically illustrates, in longitudinal vertical section, a typical high power are radiation source to which the invention is uniquely adapted;
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a section of one embodiment of the quartz envelop of FIG. 1 where the quartz is composed of laminated sections;
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of a typical spectral radiance distribution of the light emitted from the radiation source of FIG. 1.
  • the illustrated apparatus shown in FIG. 1 generally comprises a pair of spaced electrodes 12 and 14 respectively, which are axially aligned within a pressurized gas tight arc chamber 16 formed from a transparent quartz envelope 20.
  • Each electrode is of nozzle type construction having a centrally disposed bore. It is to be understood however that the invention is neither limited to the specific arc source assembly shown in FIG. 1 nor to hollow type electrodes.
  • Argon gas is injected into the arc chamber 16 from gas inlet port. 22 in a swirling pattern so as to create a strong swirling gas flow within the chamber. The gas exits from the bores of each electrode. An arc 18 is established between the electrodes and is maintained by power supply 24.
  • the are 18 terminates at each electrode within the nozzle bore at a location relatively close to the adjacent ends of the electrodes.
  • the swirling gas constricts the arc column 18 increasing the arc intensity and resulting in are current densities of the order of 2000 amp/cm or greater.
  • the quartz envelope 20 forming the pressurized arc chamber 16 must not only efficiently transmit the radiant energy emitted from the arc column 18 with as little loss as possible, but must be strong enough to withstand the pressure within chamber 16 and the heat radiated by the very intense arc.
  • the are column 18 emits a continuum radiation spectrum having a typical distribution as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the total radiant energy striking the envelope is at least about 2000 watts per square inch of quartz surface area. Quartz will transmit radiation in accordance with the following equation:
  • the magnitude of a is inversely related to wavelength in the short ultraviolet region. It is well known that quartz efficiently transmits radiation above about 1800 A where (1 is relatively small; whereas below l800 A, in the short wavelength ultraviolet region, the coefficient of absorption becomes very large. Since the arc column 18 emits very little radiation below 1800 A, the intense radiation of the arc column incident upon the quartz envelop 20 should play an insignificant factor in the rapid deterioration of the quartz. Although some radiation at less than 1800 A will will be emitted from argon atoms which are swept outwardly from the vicinity of the arc column 18 to a relatively cooler region, such radiation cannot be a signifcant factor primarily because of its comparitively low intensity. Moreover much of such radiant flux will strike or cross the arc column 18 where it would be readily reabsorbed. For the above reasons primary attention has, in the past, been given to the physical and thermal loading on the quartz envelope.
  • an additive such as titanium or any oxide thereof, which has a very large absorption coefficient, below 1600 A, is present within the quartz, a heavy absorption band below 1600 A and including 1049 A results which significantly decreases the quartz susceptibility to penetration by short wavelength ultraviolet radiation below 1600 A.
  • titanium and/or its oxides is preferred any additive having this characteristic absorption band may be employed.
  • oxides of titanium specifically include TiO and TiO but is not limited thereto. Quartz is sold commercially based on its degree of purity. Some poorer grades of commercially available quartz have been chemically analyzed and are known to contain a great many impurities including trace quantities of titanium and/or its oxides.
  • the level of concentration of titanium and/or its oxides has to be at least about 3 parts per million to secure a significant increase in quartz envelope longevity when the quartz envelope is subjected to intense radiation from an arc radiation source where a proportional part of such radiation is below 1600A.
  • the use of a fused quartz material containing at least about 5 parts per million titanium and/or its oxides extended the useful life of the quartz envelope tenfold when compared to the useful life achieved under otherwise identical operating conditions using an envelope of essentially pure quartz material having only a trace amount of titanium and/or its oxides.
  • the distribution and location of the additive within the quartz envelope wall volume is also significant. It is preferred that the additive be unifomtly concentrated primarily at the inner surface of the quartz envelope wall as opposed to being distributed throughout the quartz envelope wall volume. This will further limit the penetration of the destructive short wave ultraviolet 1049 A radiation and permit ready visible detection of the extent of envelope deterioration.
  • a preferred technique to impart a greater concentration of titanium and/or its oxides at the inner surface of the quartz envelope wall would be to fabricate a laminated quartz envelope with the inner layer thereof containing the largest concentration of the additive.
  • a method for increasing the useful life of a quartz medium for use as a light transmitting member in a plasma arc light source having a swirling gas flow of substantially argon passed thereabout and wherein said quartz medium is in the form of a tubular shell surrounding said arc and defining the arc chamber comprising adding an additive to said quartz in an amount of at least 3 parts per million and selected from the group consisting of titanium and an oxide of titanium.
  • a method for increasing the useful life of a quartz medium for use as the light transmitting envelope in an arc radiation plasma type light source wherein a proportional part of the radiated light incident upon said member is short wave ultraviolet radiation of below 1600 Angstroms comprising the steps of fabricating a laminated quartz envelope having at least one lamina including at least about 3 parts per million of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium and an oxide of titanium.
  • an apparatus for generating high intensity light radiation having a continuum spectral distribution extending from the ultraviolet region to at least the visible region, including in combination; a pair of spaced electrodes between which an arc is established, a single tuing of titanium and an oxide of titanium whereby said envelope is rendered less susceptible to deterioration from short wavelength ultraviolet energy.

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US00309808A 1972-11-27 1972-11-27 Method and apparatus for increasing the useful life of a quartz envelope in a high power light source Expired - Lifetime US3851202A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00309808A US3851202A (en) 1972-11-27 1972-11-27 Method and apparatus for increasing the useful life of a quartz envelope in a high power light source
DE2358573A DE2358573A1 (de) 1972-11-27 1973-11-24 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steigerung der lebensdauer einer quarzumhuellung fuer eine lichtquelle hoher leistung
JP48131827A JPS4984084A (show.php) 1972-11-27 1973-11-26

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US00309808A US3851202A (en) 1972-11-27 1972-11-27 Method and apparatus for increasing the useful life of a quartz envelope in a high power light source

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US00309808A Expired - Lifetime US3851202A (en) 1972-11-27 1972-11-27 Method and apparatus for increasing the useful life of a quartz envelope in a high power light source

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4942831A (en) * 1987-01-23 1990-07-24 Seculock B. V. Device for the protected storage of objects
US5614151A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-03-25 R Squared Holding, Inc. Electrodeless sterilizer using ultraviolet and/or ozone
US20040119412A1 (en) * 2002-12-18 2004-06-24 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Discharge lamp of the short arc type

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4177720B2 (ja) * 2003-06-25 2008-11-05 ハリソン東芝ライティング株式会社 閃光放電ランプ、閃光放電ランプ点灯装置および光照射装置
JP4749797B2 (ja) * 2005-08-10 2011-08-17 株式会社オーク製作所 エキシマランプ

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3531677A (en) * 1966-12-14 1970-09-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Quartz glass envelope with radiation-absorbing glaze
US3581139A (en) * 1969-03-20 1971-05-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Fluorescent lamp having titanium dioxide-containing glass envelope and reduced phosphor weight
US3597650A (en) * 1969-09-23 1971-08-03 Union Carbide Corp Arc radiation sources

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3531677A (en) * 1966-12-14 1970-09-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Quartz glass envelope with radiation-absorbing glaze
US3581139A (en) * 1969-03-20 1971-05-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Fluorescent lamp having titanium dioxide-containing glass envelope and reduced phosphor weight
US3597650A (en) * 1969-09-23 1971-08-03 Union Carbide Corp Arc radiation sources

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4942831A (en) * 1987-01-23 1990-07-24 Seculock B. V. Device for the protected storage of objects
US5614151A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-03-25 R Squared Holding, Inc. Electrodeless sterilizer using ultraviolet and/or ozone
US20040119412A1 (en) * 2002-12-18 2004-06-24 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Discharge lamp of the short arc type
CN100334682C (zh) * 2002-12-18 2007-08-29 优志旺电机株式会社 短弧型放电灯
US7560865B2 (en) * 2002-12-18 2009-07-14 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Discharge lamp of the short arc type
DE10356762B4 (de) * 2002-12-18 2012-09-27 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Entladungslampe vom Kurzbogentyp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2358573A1 (de) 1974-05-30
JPS4984084A (show.php) 1974-08-13

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AS Assignment

Owner name: MORGAN GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, AND MOR

Free format text: MORTGAGE;ASSIGNORS:UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A CORP.,;STP CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.,;UNION CARBIDE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS CO., INC., A CORP. OF PA.,;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004547/0001

Effective date: 19860106

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Owner name: UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION,

Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:MORGAN BANK (DELAWARE) AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:004665/0131

Effective date: 19860925