US3849628A - Non-contact temperature sensor for a roll fuser of a xerographic reproduction apparatus - Google Patents

Non-contact temperature sensor for a roll fuser of a xerographic reproduction apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3849628A
US3849628A US00382434A US38243473A US3849628A US 3849628 A US3849628 A US 3849628A US 00382434 A US00382434 A US 00382434A US 38243473 A US38243473 A US 38243473A US 3849628 A US3849628 A US 3849628A
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United States
Prior art keywords
roller
temperature
phosphor material
roll
fuser
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00382434A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Abowitz
F Ruckdeschel
R Gerace
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Priority to US00382434A priority Critical patent/US3849628A/en
Priority to CA196,567A priority patent/CA1021012A/en
Priority to NL7405481A priority patent/NL7405481A/xx
Priority to DE2420161A priority patent/DE2420161A1/de
Priority to JP49082700A priority patent/JPS5044839A/ja
Priority to FR7425952A priority patent/FR2238964A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3849628A publication Critical patent/US3849628A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2039—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat with means for controlling the fixing temperature

Definitions

  • CONVERT V CONTROLLER 46 LAMP SOURCE ROLL FUSER OF A XEROGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION APPARATUS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention relates, in general, to heated roll fuser apparatus for affixing toner material to a substrate to form permanent images thereon and, more particularly, to means for controlling the power input to the heated roll for maintaining substantially constant the surface temperature of the heated roll at an area where it contacts the toner material.
  • a light image of an original to be copied is typically recorded in the fonn of a latent electrostatic image on a photosensitive member with subsequent rendering of the latent image visible by the application of electroscopic marking particles, commonly referred to as toner.
  • the visual image can be either fixed directly upon the photosensitive member or transferred from the member to a sheet of plain paper with subsequent affixing of the image thereto.
  • One approach to thermal fusing of electroscopic toner images onto a support has been to pass the support with the toner images thereon between a pair of opposed rollers, at least one of which is either externally or internally heated.
  • the toner image contacts the surface of the heated roller member in the nip between rollers to thereby produce heating of the toner image within the nip.
  • the fuser roll or heated member is almost always provided with a release agent applied to the surface thereof in order to prevent offsetting of toner material to the fuser roll.
  • the release agent is, at least at the time that the application to the fuser roll has been accomplished, in the form of a liquid and has the effect of minimizing the thermal energy generated by frictional forces due to rubbing between the fuser roll surface and the thermistor.
  • the fuser .roll surface comprises an elastomeric or other highly susceptible heat generating material that does not have a release agent applied to the surface thereof
  • the heat developed due to friction has a considerable effect on the temperature sensing device.
  • the control setting of the temperature sensor is at a particular setting corresponding to the temperature of the fuser roll desired
  • the temperature sensor due to frictional forces will sense temperatures on the order to 20 higher than the actual surface temperature of the fuser roll. As will be appreciated, this creates all sorts of problems resulting in an unsatisfactory control of the fuser device.
  • One solution to the problem would be to set the control temperature of the sensor or probe at a setting 20 higher than that to which the fuser roll surface is to be maintained, in an area just preceding the nip. This would result in an elevated temperature resulting in *overshoot" presenting the problem of hot offsetting" as well as causing drying out of the paper resulting in paper curling leading to paper jams or potential fire hazards.
  • Hot offsetting occurs when the surface of the fuser is raised to a level sufficient to melt the toner particles thereby creating a condition where the toner material splits resulting in some of the toner being picked up by the fuser roll surface.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved fusing device for an electrostatic copier wherein toner images are formed on a copy paper.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved fusing device for a xerographic reproducing apparatus including a novel method of controlling the surface temperature of the fuser roll.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved thermal fusing device for xerographic reproducing apparatus wherein the improvements in the fusing device are accomplished by the provision of a non-contact sensor.
  • the objects of the present invention are accomplished by the provision of a photodiode for measuring the light output of a phosphor material which in one embodiment of the invention is formed integrally with the surface of the fuser roll. Since the light emissions from the phosphor material can be correlated to the temperature of the phosphor material which in turn is a function of the surface temperature of the roll, the surface temperature can be accurately measured and used for controlling the power input to the fuser roll for the purpose of maintaining the temperature thereof, substantially constant.
  • the phosphor material may comprise a part of a device which is mounted adjacent the fuser roll and whose light emissive characteristics are measured in the same manner as mentioned above.
  • the phosphor material is an integral part of the fuser roll, it may be uniformly dispersed throughout the surface of the fuser roll or may constitute a continuous or broken stripe about the circumference of the roll.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of an automatic xerographic reproducing apparatus utilizing the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view partly in section of a fusing device incorporated in the apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fuser control used in conjunction with the fuser apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a modified form of control illustrated in FIG. 3 for controlling the surface temperature of the fuser roll;
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view of another modification of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is yet another modification of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an embodiment of the subject invention in a suitable environment such as an automatic xerographic reproducing machine having a xerographic plate including a photoconductive layer or light sensitive surface on a conductive backing and formed in the shape of a drum 10 which is mounted on a shaft journaled in a frame to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow to cause the drum surface sequentially to pass a plurality of xerographic processing stations.
  • a xerographic plate including a photoconductive layer or light sensitive surface on a conductive backing and formed in the shape of a drum 10 which is mounted on a shaft journaled in a frame to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow to cause the drum surface sequentially to pass a plurality of xerographic processing stations.
  • the several xerographic processing stations in the path of movement of the drum surface may be described functionally as follows:
  • a transfer of the xerographic powder image from the drum surface to the sheets of support material is effected by means of a corona transfer device 16 which is located at or immediately after the line of contact between support material and the rotating drum.
  • the electrostatic field created by the corona transfer device is effective to tack the support material electrostatically to the drum surface whereby the support material moves synchronously with the drum while in contact therewith.
  • the electrostatic field is effective to attract the toner particles comprising the xerographic powder image from the drum surface and cause them to adhere electrostatically to the surface of the support material.
  • a stripping apparatus 18 for removing the sheets of support material from the drum surface.
  • the heat stripping apparatus is adapted to strip the leading edge of the support material from the drum surface and to direct it onto an endless conveyor 20 which carries the sheet material to a heated fusing roll apparatus 30.
  • the support material is passed through a top roll or cylinder 34 and a lower roll 36, which is displaceable, to permanently affix or fuse the image by a combination of heat and pressure.
  • the roll 34 has an outer cover 37 made of silicone rubber or other suitable elastromeric material, supported by a rigid base 38 and having a thicker elastomeric layer 39 interposed therebetween.
  • a quartz lamp 40 and reflector 42 therefor are disposed adjacent the fuser roll 34 and are coextensive with the longitudinal axis of the fuser roll.
  • the lamp 40 has a maximum output of 1100 watts when provided with power from a volt-60 cycle source. With an 1,100 watt output, the lamp can raise the surface temperature of the fuser roll 34 to a level which will cause coalescence of the toner particles which level, as will be appreciated, will vary in accordance with the thermal characteristics of the toner material employed. With such an arrangement, the surface temperature of the fuser roll will be on the order of 200 to 400F.
  • the actual output from the lamp will be controlled in accordance with the actual temperature of the roll surface and with the desired temperature. To this end, the roll as illustrated in FIG.
  • Thermographic phosphors have the property that when excited by ultraviolet light, they emit visible light, the intensity of which is dependent upon the density recombination levels near the valance band edge. A rise in temperature of the phosphor with a constant source of UV reduces the number of levels available for radiative recombination and thereby diminishes the light output.
  • phosphor material which is integral with the fuser roll 34, is illustrated as being applied to the surface of the roll in the form of a continuous stripe around the circumference, it will be appreciated that it could be applied to the whole surface or a broken or segmented stripe (FIG. 4) or as a single spot. Clear RTV compounds have been found suitable as binder materials for the phosphor.
  • the source 46 preferably a 2 watt UV lamp commercially available from the General Electric Company, and the photoresistive member 48 may as shown in FIG. 2, be contained in a common holder 50 fabricated from aluminum or other suitable material. When so mounted, the light emitted from the phosphor is transmitted by a fiber bundle 52 to the photoresistive member 48.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a closed loop control system wherein the output signal (corresponding to the roll surface temperature) of the photoresistive cell 48 is amplified by an amplifier 56, the amplified signal being transmitted to an SCR controller 58 which provides power to the lamp 40 in accordance with the temperature sensor and the resulting signals generated.
  • the heat raises the surface temperature of the roll to a point where the amplified signal approaches the set point of the SCR resulting in the reduction of power to the lamp thereby maintaining the fuser temperature to a substantially constant value.
  • Surface temperature control within plus or minus 2F. has been obtained under constant thermal loading.
  • a power supply 59 providing a regulated 28 volt D.C. supply is provided for the UV lamp 46.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a modified form of the invention wherein the fuser roll 34 is replaced by a roll 60 having segments 62 of phosphor material extending about the circumference of the roll 60.
  • the segments 62 will generate sinusoidal signals which have the advantage of an AC. amplifier which is more stable than the DC. signal and a more even temperature gradient across the broken path formed by the segments 62.
  • the A.C. signal from a photoresistive element 64 is preamplified in a preamplifier 66 with subsequent amplification by an amplifier 68.
  • the AC. signal is converted by an A.C. to DC. converter 70 and transmitted to an SCR controller 72 which as in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 3 is utilized to regulate the output of the lamp.
  • the phosphor material need not form an integral part of the fuser roll but may form a part of a thin, heat-resistant substrate 76, for example, mica, which is disposed adjacent to the surface of a fuser roll 78.
  • the detector and signal generator is in the form of a photodiode 80 having a UV attenuator 82 (glass) at the entrance thereof.
  • the phosphor may form an integral part of an electroluminescent panel 86 also positioned adjacent the fuser roll 78.
  • Fuser apparatus comprising:
  • a second roller cooperating with said first roller to form a nip through which a substrate supporting toner material is moved;
  • said means for sensing temperature comprising means for converting thermal radiation to light radiation representative of said surface temperature whereby said temperature sensing means senses said light radiation.
  • said sensing means comprises means for generating electrical signals representative of the temperature of said at least one roller.
  • said converting means comprises a phosphor material and means for exciting said phosphor material to thereby emit visible radiation, said phosphor material being so disposed relative to said at least one roller as to receive thermal energy therefrom in accordance with the temperature thereof.
  • said phosphor material comprises a plurality of segments extending about the circumference of said at least one roller.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said phosphor material comprises a substrate positioned adjacent said at least one roller.
  • said phosphor material comprises an electroluminescent panel positioned adjacent said at least one roller.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
US00382434A 1973-07-25 1973-07-25 Non-contact temperature sensor for a roll fuser of a xerographic reproduction apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3849628A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00382434A US3849628A (en) 1973-07-25 1973-07-25 Non-contact temperature sensor for a roll fuser of a xerographic reproduction apparatus
CA196,567A CA1021012A (en) 1973-07-25 1974-03-29 Non-contact temperature sensor for sili roll fuser
NL7405481A NL7405481A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-25 1974-04-23
DE2420161A DE2420161A1 (de) 1973-07-25 1974-04-25 Aufschmelzvorrichtung
JP49082700A JPS5044839A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-25 1974-07-18
FR7425952A FR2238964A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-25 1974-07-25

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US00382434A US3849628A (en) 1973-07-25 1973-07-25 Non-contact temperature sensor for a roll fuser of a xerographic reproduction apparatus

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US (1) US3849628A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5044839A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1021012A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2420161A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2238964A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7405481A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4043747A (en) * 1975-08-22 1977-08-23 Rank Xerox Ltd. Pressure heat fixing device
US4163893A (en) * 1977-02-11 1979-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Toner fixing arrangement in electrostatic printers and copiers
US4197445A (en) * 1978-09-27 1980-04-08 Xerox Corporation Roll fuser apparatus and system therefor
EP0011862A1 (en) * 1978-12-04 1980-06-11 General Electric Company Fuser apparatus having a non-contact temperature sensor
US4533808A (en) * 1983-12-28 1985-08-06 Phillips Petroleum Company An induction yarn heater device
US4556779A (en) * 1982-03-18 1985-12-03 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Temperature control arrangement for heat roller
US4741626A (en) * 1985-11-11 1988-05-03 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Pyroelectric thermal sensor
US4897692A (en) * 1988-04-08 1990-01-30 Xerox Corporation Fail safe fuser lamp control
US4984027A (en) * 1988-12-28 1991-01-08 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing apparatus with solid elastomeric fuser roller
US5317367A (en) * 1993-01-11 1994-05-31 Xerox Corporation Thermal realtime clock
US5580478A (en) * 1994-05-09 1996-12-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Apparatus for controlling the temperature of and a moveable, electrically heated object using two way on axis optical communication
US5600424A (en) * 1993-12-17 1997-02-04 Xerox Corporation System for controlling the motion of fused or unfused copy sheets entering a fuser nip
US5661542A (en) * 1994-07-15 1997-08-26 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Apparatus and method of recording an image in which the developing material is held, pressed, heated, and conveyed

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5723264B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-11-06 1982-05-18
JPS6166378U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1984-10-04 1986-05-07

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2627182A (en) * 1949-12-14 1953-02-03 Leeds & Northrup Co Aspiration pyrometer
US3093744A (en) * 1960-10-11 1963-06-11 Michael A Tabet Light sensitive control device
US3189729A (en) * 1962-11-29 1965-06-15 Du Pont Process roll system
US3369106A (en) * 1965-07-27 1968-02-13 Pyrotel Corp Process-heating control system
US3654463A (en) * 1970-01-19 1972-04-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Phosphorescent devices
US3697726A (en) * 1971-09-17 1972-10-10 Rosemount Inc Heated roll temperature measurement compensator assembly
US3725310A (en) * 1971-08-10 1973-04-03 Du Pont Semiconducting cadmium cadmium-zinc and mercury phosphide halides
US3735092A (en) * 1971-10-18 1973-05-22 Xerox Corp Fuser control circuit for copying apparatus
US3742191A (en) * 1969-07-15 1973-06-26 Irtronics Inc Infrared temperature sensor and control for use with heated, moving bodies

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2627182A (en) * 1949-12-14 1953-02-03 Leeds & Northrup Co Aspiration pyrometer
US3093744A (en) * 1960-10-11 1963-06-11 Michael A Tabet Light sensitive control device
US3189729A (en) * 1962-11-29 1965-06-15 Du Pont Process roll system
US3369106A (en) * 1965-07-27 1968-02-13 Pyrotel Corp Process-heating control system
US3742191A (en) * 1969-07-15 1973-06-26 Irtronics Inc Infrared temperature sensor and control for use with heated, moving bodies
US3654463A (en) * 1970-01-19 1972-04-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Phosphorescent devices
US3725310A (en) * 1971-08-10 1973-04-03 Du Pont Semiconducting cadmium cadmium-zinc and mercury phosphide halides
US3697726A (en) * 1971-09-17 1972-10-10 Rosemount Inc Heated roll temperature measurement compensator assembly
US3735092A (en) * 1971-10-18 1973-05-22 Xerox Corp Fuser control circuit for copying apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
D. N. Neal, G. C. Greuling, IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Moving Surface Temperature Sensor, Vol. 14, No. 6, November 1971, p. 1912. *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4043747A (en) * 1975-08-22 1977-08-23 Rank Xerox Ltd. Pressure heat fixing device
US4163893A (en) * 1977-02-11 1979-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Toner fixing arrangement in electrostatic printers and copiers
US4197445A (en) * 1978-09-27 1980-04-08 Xerox Corporation Roll fuser apparatus and system therefor
EP0011862A1 (en) * 1978-12-04 1980-06-11 General Electric Company Fuser apparatus having a non-contact temperature sensor
US4556779A (en) * 1982-03-18 1985-12-03 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Temperature control arrangement for heat roller
US4533808A (en) * 1983-12-28 1985-08-06 Phillips Petroleum Company An induction yarn heater device
US4741626A (en) * 1985-11-11 1988-05-03 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Pyroelectric thermal sensor
US4897692A (en) * 1988-04-08 1990-01-30 Xerox Corporation Fail safe fuser lamp control
US4984027A (en) * 1988-12-28 1991-01-08 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing apparatus with solid elastomeric fuser roller
US5317367A (en) * 1993-01-11 1994-05-31 Xerox Corporation Thermal realtime clock
US5600424A (en) * 1993-12-17 1997-02-04 Xerox Corporation System for controlling the motion of fused or unfused copy sheets entering a fuser nip
US5580478A (en) * 1994-05-09 1996-12-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Apparatus for controlling the temperature of and a moveable, electrically heated object using two way on axis optical communication
US5661542A (en) * 1994-07-15 1997-08-26 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Apparatus and method of recording an image in which the developing material is held, pressed, heated, and conveyed

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7405481A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-25
CA1021012A (en) 1977-11-15
JPS5044839A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-22
FR2238964A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-21
DE2420161A1 (de) 1975-01-30

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