Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
  • C10M159/02—Natural products
  • C10M159/08—Fatty oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/18—Natural waxes, e.g. ceresin, ozocerite, bees wax, carnauba; Degras
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
  • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

• ABSTRACT 52 11.5.
• CI 252/56 R 44/58 44/66 P' P lubricants fuels are 44/76 mixed wlth two or more naturally derived waxes and [51] Int CL. C10 m 1/26 Cmm 3/20 C1 0m 5/12 0115 or their synthetic equivalents to form a blended ClOm petroleum product of high homogeneity and substan-
• the invention relates to blended lubricating and fuel products like that disclosed in US. Pat. No.
• the invention contemplates blended petroleum products consisting essentially of a petroleum product (which may be conventional), a natural wax and a natural oil, mixed in approximate proportions of several parts petroleum product to one part of natural oil and wax combined.
• a conventional emulsifier is one ingredient of the mixture.
• the additive mixture of the invention contemplates a conventional petroleum product mixed with a lesser amount of a natural wax and a lesser amount of a natu ral oil.
• the ingredients may comprise a greater amount of natural oil and a lesser amount of natural wax.
• a preferred mixture of the invention for use as a motor oil comprises 3 quarts of conventional motor oil, 2 ounces of carnauba wax and l quart of sesame seed oil, combined in a homogenous liquid.
• the preferred blended petroleum product is achieved by the steps of adding the carnauba wax to the sesame seed oil, heating the oil and wax, mixing the oil and wax to dissolve the wax, heating the conventional motor oil, and mixing the combined sesame seed oil and wax into the heated motor oil.
• Similar process is used to compound transmission oil fluid additive, motor oil additive, fuel additive and lubricating greases.
• the added step of mixing a conventional emulsifier is included in the method, and also when the wax or oil is of high viscosity.
• a crankcase motor oil consisting essentially of S A E 20 motor oil, carnauba wax and sesame seed oil in the proportions of 1 pint motor oil, 1 ounce carnauba wax and 1 pint sesame seed oil was placed in the crankcase of a 1971 Ford Transport Wagon. The vehicle was driven from Los Angeles to Caracas, Venezuela, and back. The crankcase was flushed in Mexico City with a conventional motor oil, which was drained after 100 miles and replaced with the petroleum product of the invention. The wagon crankcase was not replenished nor was the oil changed for the rest of the round trip, nor for a distance thereafter until an aggregate of 29,000 miles had been traversed. Added petroleum product of the invention was added as necessitated by oil loss from periodic oil filter changes, in no case exceeding one pint per filter change.
• crankcase pan was removed and the crankcase inspected. No evidence of sludge, acid or varnish was detected. No motor wear was evident. During the test trip the engine ran at reduced temperature, gave fuel mileage averaging 10 to 15 percent better than previous performance and top speeds 5 to 15 miles per hour in excess of previous performance.
• GREASES A manual transmission lubricant which tested well comprises S A E lubricant, candelilla and beeswax, preferably in respective quantities of 1 gallon, l ounce and 2 ounces.
• a wheel bearing and chassis lubricant consisting essentially of conventional S A E 80 grease, a natural oil such as jojoba or sesame and a natural wax, such as carnauba or candelilla, is combined in the proportions of 25 pounds of grease, l pint of oil and 6 ounces of wax. The oil and wax are first combined after heating and then added to the heated grease. Candelilla is sometimes called colloquially carmanilla.”
• emulsifiers are known by trade names such as tion of TWEEN. SORlBO, SPAN and BRlDJ and are generally identified chemically as polyoxyethylene (l0) Oleyl Ether or polyoxyethylene (20) sorbiton monolaurate.
• the invention does not preclude synthesized equivalents of the above natural anti-friction agents.
• Beeswax in synthetic form for instance. contributes to a satisfactory petroleum mixture for crankcase or motor oil.
• a blended petroleum product with beeswax in the synthetic form does tend to break. down after about 15,000 miles use and a varnish residue forms.
• ADDlTlVES Transmission fluid additives have performed successfully when made in accordance with the invention and consist essentially of conventional transmission fluid, a natural wax such as candelilla and a natural oil such as jojoba.
• a natural wax such as candelilla
• a natural oil such as jojoba.
• the proportions are 9 quarts fluid, l A ounces wax and l quart jojoba oil.
• the process comprises the steps of heating the wax and the oil, dissolving the wax in the oil and mixing the resultant with the transmission fluid, which may also be heated.
• the temperatures ofthe various beats are preferably within 15 F. of 200.
• Fuel additives consisting essentially of natural antifriction agents in a solvent have been prepared and.
• crankcase ventilation systems imposed by legislation.
• One such additive consisted of 1 ounce of carnauba wax dissolved in one gallon of safflower oil. The carnauba was melted and added to heated safflower oil or solid carnauba wax mixed in heated oil at a temperature matching the melting point of the wax. Carnauba has a melting point of about 180 F. in the commercial crankcase oil and unsettling of carburetor adjustment, the chief result of presently required crankcase ventilation systems imposed by legislation.
• a diesel fuel additive with beneficial effects on engine performance consists essentially of beeswax dissolved in safflower oil under heat, and may be added to diesel fuel in the proportion of 1/40 ounce of mixture additive to one gallon of fuel.
• beeswax in liquid form may be added directly to a small amount ofdiesel fuel when the latter is elevated in temperature below its flashpoint and the resultant added to bulk fuel.
• the liquid wax is obtained by melting.
• Blended natural waxes combined with conventional motor oils has provided high performance and test results.
• One such blended petroleum product consisted essentially of S A E 20 motor oil, a carnauba wax, candelilla wax and the distilled wax ofjojoba oil in the proportions of 3 ounces of the combined waxes homogenously mixed with l gallon of the S A E 20 motor oil.
• An independent test laboratory made tension tests of the above-described blended petroleum product. Test results indicated greatly increased tensile strength in the range of 35,000 as compared with a figure of 28,000 32,000 for conventional motor oil and about 27,000 for so-called specialty" oils of conventional composition.
• the tested petroleum product was tested shortly after being processed. Under certain conditions, where complete homogeneity is lacking, the natural waxes may eventually separate and settle. It is therefore desirable to include an emulsifier in the product. In a blended petroleum product such as that tested the emulsifier is added in an amount approximating one percent by volume.
• the petroleum product like a motor oil may be prepared by mixing 2 ounces of beeswax and 1 ounce of carnauba wax in 1 quart of petroleum oil heated to about 140. The resultant is then added to 3 quarts more of heated oil. The mixture is then cooled to about 120 and the whole mixed mechanically with about 1-1/3 ounces of an emulsifier like Bridj 89.
• Such a petroleum product has a long shelf life in addition to improved anti-friction qualities.
• a product useful as a lubricant or fuel additive which consists essentially of a hydrocarbon lubricant, a wax constituent dispersed in said hydrocarbon lubricant, and an emulsifier in an amount sufficient to maintain said wax constituent uniformly dispersed in said hydrocarbon lubricant, the wax constituent being selected from the group consisting of candellila, carnuba, Chinese, jojoba, beetle, myrtle, and sugar cane waxes, beeswax, a synthetic version of one'of the foregoing natural waxes, and mixtures of the aforesaid waxes, and said wax constituent being present in an amount ranging from not more than one up to 10 parts of wax per parts of the hydrocarbon.
• a product useful as a lubricant or fuel additive which consists essentially of a hydrocarbon lubricant, a wax constituent dispersed in said hydrocarbon lubricant, and an emulsifier in an amount sufficient to maintain said wax constituent uniformly dispersed in said hydrocarbon lubricant, the wax constituent being selected from the group consisting of candellila, carnuba, Chinese, jojoba, beetle, myrtle, and sugar cane waxes, beeswax, and mixtures of the aforesaid waxes, and said wax constituent being present in an amount ranging from l-l0 parts of wax per 120 parts of the hydrocarbon lubricant.
• emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene wax per l20 parts of the hydrocarbon lubricant.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Priority Applications (11)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26217565

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (16)

Families Citing this family (5)

• 1972
  • 1972-04-24 US US00246888A patent/US3849323A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1973
  • 1973-02-19 FR FR7305722A patent/FR2218452B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1973-04-21 DE DE2320426A patent/DE2320426A1/de active Pending
  • 1973-04-24 NL NL7305722A patent/NL7305722A/xx unknown
  • 1973-04-24 GB GB1923573A patent/GB1432622A/en not_active Expired
  • 1973-04-24 BE BE130351A patent/BE798635A/xx unknown
  • 1973-04-24 CH CH580173A patent/CH588548A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1973-04-24 FR FR7314845A patent/FR2182026A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1973-04-26 AU AU54823/73A patent/AU473192B2/en not_active Expired

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